College of Engineering and Aviation: University of Perpetual Help System Laguna Brgy. Sto. Niño, City of Biñan, Laguna

UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM LAGUNA
Brgy. Sto. Niño, City of Biñan, Laguna

College of Engineering and Aviation
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INTRODUCTION
Energy is one of the primary needs of human societies for their survival. It
is needed for growing food, providing comfort and catering for a host of other
application in all fields of activity such as agriculture, industry, transportation, etc.
The main sources of energy are fossil fuels, solar radiation fall out, winds, tidal,
and geothermal. The conversion, distribution and utilization of energy are the
domain of engineering. The demand for energy throughout the world is increasing
sharply because of growing world population, rising living standards and emphasis
on developing energy intensive industries in almost all newly emerging countries
to boost their economies in order to combat poverty and hardship.
The demand for energy in the world is greater than ever before as it is the
primary pillar of infrastructural and industrial growth in any country besides meeting
the human energy demand. The energy demand at a location occurs during peak
hours that vary according to latitude, altitude and the season of a place. Gas
turbine power plants are ideally suited for this operation because of their short time
needed for both peak generation and synchronization. The gas turbine obtains its
power by utilizing the energy of a jet of burnt gases and air, the velocity of jet being
absorbed as it flows over several rings of moving, blades, which are fixed on a
rotor mounted on a common shaft. It thus, resembles a steam turbine, but it is a
step forward in eliminating water-to steam step (the process of converting water
into steam in a boiler) and using hot gases directly to drive the turbine.
1|Gas Turbine Power Plant

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LOCATION OF THE PLANT
Batangas is a first class province of the Philippines located on the
southwestern part of Luzon in the CALABARZON region. Its capital is Batangas
City and it is bordered by the provinces of Cavite and Laguna to the north and
Quezon to the east. Across the Verde Island Passages to the south is the island
of Mindoro and to the west lies the South China Sea. Poetically, Batangas is often
referred to by its ancient name Kumintang.
Batangas is one of the most popular tourist destinations near Metro Manila.
It is home to the famous Taal Volcano, one of the Decade Volcanoes, and Taal
Heritage town, a small picturesque town that has ancestral houses and structures
dating back to the 19th century. The province also has many excellent beaches
and diving spots including Anilao in Mabini, Sombrero Island in Tingloy, Ligpo
Island in Bauan, Matabungkay in Lian, Punta Fuego in Nasugbu, Calatagan and
Laiya in San Juan.
The province of Batangas is subdivided into 31 municipalities, 3 cities. Of
these municipalities, the proposed 25.5 MW gas turbine power plant is to be
located in San Pascual municipality, providing energy for the households of this
municipality.
San Pascual was formerly part of the municipality of Bauan and known as
"Lagnas". It became an independent municipality in 1969. The municipality is

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adjacent to Batangas City, along Batangas Bay. The town is home to an oil refinery
and chemical plants as well as other industrial and commercial establishments.
It is located between two progressive localities, Bauan its mother town, on
its West and Batangas City on its East. It isd bounded on the North by the
Municipality Cuenca and San Jose, on the Northwest by the Municipality of
Alitagtag and on the South by the Batangas Bay.
Fig. 1 Map of San Pascual Batangas

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San Pascual Demography
San Pascual is a coastal municipality in the province of Batangas.
Administratively the Municipality of San Pascual is subdivided into 29 barangays.
One forms the center of the city whereas the other 28 are in the outlying areas.
Some of them are even several kilometers away from the center of the
Municipality. The municipality has a land area of 50.70 square kilometers or 19.58
square miles which constitutes 1.63% of Batangas's total area.
Table 1, List of Barangays in San Pascual, Batangas
Barangay Urbanisation Population

Alalum Rural 2,155
Antipolo Rural 1,176
Balimbing Rural 1,648
Banaba Rural 2,662
Bayanan Rural 2,939
Danglayan Rural 841
Del Pilar Rural 759
Gelerang
Rural 1,533
Kawayan
Ilat North Rural 1,544
Ilat South Rural 1,363
Kaingin Rural 1,130
Laurel Rural 2,108
Malaking Pook Rural 780
Mataas Na Lupa Rural 2,092
Natunuan North Rural 1,557

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Natunuan South Rural 1,198

Padre Castillo Rural 1,189
Palsahingin Rural 1,065
Pila Rural 928
Poblacion Urban 10,188
Pook Ni Banal Rural 1,347
Pook Ni Kapitan Rural 927
Resplandor Rural 1,148
Sambat Urban 6,213
San Antonio Urban 9,096
San Mariano Rural 2,336
San Mateo Rural 1,651
Santa Elena Rural 650
Santo Niño Rural 3,201
TOTAL POPULATION 65,424
The residents of San Pascual, Batangas has a total population of 65,424
people according to the 2015 census according to Philippine Statistic Office. This
represented 2.43% of the total population of Batangas province, or 0.45% of the
overall population of the CALABARZON region. Based on these figures, the
population density is computed at 1,290 inhabitants per square kilometer or
3,341 inhabitants per square mile.

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DESIGN CONSIDERATION

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The Geographical location of the final plant has a strong influence on
the success of the Municipality venture. The plant must be located where
the minimum cost of production and distribution can be obtained. Principal
factors of Plant must be:
1. Raw material availability
2. Location (with respect to the marketing area)
3. Availability of suitable land
4. Transport facilities and trading
5. Availability of labors
6. Availability of utilities
7. Environmental impact effluent disposal
8. Local community considerations
9. Business Area

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VICINITY MAP
Figure 2. Exact Location of the Power Plant
The municipality of San Pascual have a total households to be supplied
amounting to 9,774. The power plant will be located in Barangay Poblacion.

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VARIABLE LOADING

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Residential Load
Residential load is a term which is used to describe the amount of electricity
entering a residence at any given time. The amount of electricity a residence can
access it typically limited by the amount of its service drop.
The residents of San Pascual, Batangas has a population of 65,424 people
according to the 2015 Census according to Philippine Statistics Office, and
households of 9,744 households.
We divide each households in every Substation
CLASS No. of Households

A 488
B 974
C 1786
10 | G a s T u r b i n e P o w e r P l a n t
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RESIDENTIAL LOAD TABLES:
CLASS A HOUSE
Power per unit no. of Power
TIME APPLIANCES
(W) units (W)
Refrigerator 700 1 700
Lights (CFL) 14 8 112
Microwave / Oven 1400 1 1400
Rice Cooker 1000 1 1000
6am to 7am
Water Pump 800 1 800
Subtotal 4012
No. of Households 488
Total (kW) 1957.856
Washing Machine 400 1 400
Flat Screen T.V.
1 101
52" 101
7am to 8am Charger 5 4 20
Subtotal 1221
Total (kW) 595.848
Flat Screen T.V.
1 101
52" 101
Radio 200 1 200
8am to 9am Water Pump 800 1 800
Subtotal 2201
Total (kW) 1074.088
9am to Vacuum Cleaner 900 1 900
10am Flat Screen T.V.
1 101
52" 101
Subtotal 1801
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Total (kW) 878.888
Flat Screen T.V.
1 101
52" 101
10am to Electric Fan 80 4 320
11am Computer/Laptops 200 3 600
Subtotal 1421
Total (kW) 693.448
Flat Screen T.V.
1 101
52" 101
Electric Fan 80 4 320
11am to Computer/Laptops 200 3 600
12pm 1 1000
Rice Cooker 1000
Subtotal 2421
Total (kW) 1181.448
Flat Screen T.V.
1 101
52" 101
12pm to Electric Fan 80 4 320
3pm 821
Subtotal
Total (kW) 400.648
3pm to 4pm Subtotal 720
Total (kW) 351.36
Vacuum Cleaner 900 1 900
Total (kW) 634.4
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Subtotal 400
5pm to 6pm
Total (kW) 195.2
Lights
4 200
(Flourescent) 50
6pm to 7pm Flat Iron 1000 1 1000
T.V. 101 3 303
Subtotal 2223
Total (kW) 1084.824
Lights
4 200
(Flourescent) 50
7pm to 8pm Gadgets 25 5 125
Electric Stove 1000 1 1000
Rice Cooker 1000 1 1000
T.V. 101 3 303
Subtotal 4260
Total (kW) 2078.88
Lights
4 200
(Flourescent) 50
8pm to 9pm 1 800
Water Pump 800
Computer/Laptops 300 3 900
Gadgets 25 5 125
T.V. 101 3 303
Subtotal 3160
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Total (kW) 1542.08
Lights
4 200
(Flourescent) 50
9pm to Computer/Laptops 300 3 900
10pm Gadgets 25 5 125
T.V. 101 3 303
Subtotal 2040
Total (kW) 995.52
Air-conditioning 1200 2 2400
T.V. 101 4 404
Lights
10pm to 4 200
(Flourescent) 50
11pm 8 112
Lights (CFL) 14
Subtotal 3516
Total (kW) 1715.808
11pm to Air-conditioning 1200 2 2400
3am Subtotal 2828
Total (kW) 1380.064
3am to 4am
Subtotal 748
Total (kW) 365.024
4am to 5am Refrigerator 400 1 400
Subtotal 428
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Total (kW) 208.864
5am to 6am Subtotal 512
Total (kW) 249.856
TOTAL ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION 17584.104
CLASS B HOUSE
Power per no. of
TIME APPLIANCES Power (W)
unit (kW) units
6am to Lights (CFL) 14 6 84
7am Subtotal 604
Total (kW) 588.296
7am to DVD Player/Radio 80 1 80
8am Subtotal 600
Total (kW) 584.4
T.V. 32" 150 2 300
8am to DVD Player/Radio 80 1 80
9am Washing Machine 325 1 325
Subtotal 1705
Total (kW) 1660.67
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T.V. 32" 150 2 300
9am to
DVD Player/Radio 80 1 80
10am
Subtotal 1305
Total (kW) 1271.07
T.V. 32" 0 2 0
10am to Computer/Laptops 200 2 400
11pm Subtotal 1040
No. of Hours 2
Total (kW) 2025.92
T.V. 32" 150 2 300
11am to Rice Cooker 1000 1 1000
12pm Subtotal 1940
No. of Hours 2
Total (kW) 3779.12
T.V. 32" 150 2 300
1pm Subtotal 740
Total (kW) 720.76
T.V. 32" 150 2 300
2pm Subtotal 740
Total (kW) 720.76
2pm to Refrigerator 200 1 200
4pm Electric Fan 80 3 240
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Subtotal 440
No. of Hours 2
Total (kW) 857.12
T.V. 32" 150 2 300
4pm to
6pm Subtotal 740
No. of Hours 2
Total (kW) 1441.52
Lights
2
(Flourescent) 50 100
6pm to Flat Iron 1000 1 1000
7pm T.V. 150 2 300
Subtotal 1600
Total (kW) 1558.4
Lights
2
7pm to Water Pump 800 1 800
8pm Gadgets 25 3 75
T.V. 150 2 300
Subtotal 1559
Total (kW) 1518.466
Lights
2
8pm to Lights (CFL) 14 6 84
9pm
Gadgets 25 3 75
T.V. 150 2 300
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Subtotal 2399
Total (kW) 2336.626
Lights
2
9pm to Computer/Laptops 300 2 600
10pm
Gadgets 25 3 75
T.V. 150 2 300
Subtotal 1599
Total (kW) 1557.426
Gdagets 25 3 75
T.V. 150 2 300
Lights
2
10pm to (Flourescent) 50 100
11pm Lights (CFL) 14 6 84
Subtotal 1659
Total (kW) 1615.866
11pm to Subtotal 440
5am No. of Households 974
No. of Hours 6
Total (kW) 2571.36
5am to
Subtotal 284
6am
Total (kW) 276.616
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CLASS C HOUSE
Power
no. of
TIME APPLIANCES per unit Power (W)
units
(W)
DVD
1
Player/Radio 80 80
6am to 8am No. of Households 1876
No. of Hours 2
Total (kW) 300.16
T.V. 120 1 120
8am to 9am Subtotal 200
Total (kW) 375.2
T.V. 120 1 120
9am to
Subtotal 280
10am
Total (kW) 225.12
T.V. 120 1 120
10am to Subtotal 280
12pm No. of Households 1876
No. of Hours 2
Total (kW) 1050.56
12pm to No. of Households 1876
6pm No. of Hours 4
Total (kW) 1200.64
T.V. 120 1 120
Total (kW) 412.72
10pm Lights (CFL) 14 4 56
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Charger 25 3 75
T.V. 200 1 200
Subtotal 491
No. of Hours 3
Total (kW) 2763.348
T.V. 120 1 120
10pm to Lights (CFL) 14 4 56
11pm Subtotal 276
Total (kW) 517.776
11pm to
12am Subtotal 216
Total (kW) 405.216
12am to No. of Households 1876
6am No. of Hours 6
Total (kW) 2814
TOTAL ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION (kW) 10064.74
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Commercial Load
Commercial load consist of lighting shops, fans, air conditioning unit,

electric appliances used on restaurants, etc. This class of load occurs for more
hours during the day as compared to domestic load. The commercial load has
seasonal variations due to the extensive use of air conditioners and space heaters.
MANUFACTURING
Average
No. of
Power Total Electric
Time Working Unit Quantity Hours
(Watts) (kW) Consumption
Used
(kW)
Air-
7am to 5pm
conditioner 30 3500 105 10 1050
Computer
7am to 5pm
Set 60 150 9 10 90
7am-12nn/1pm- Fluorescent
4pm Lamp 50 30 1.5 8 12
7am-12nn/1pm- Water
4pm Dispenser 4 550 2.2 8 17.6
7am-12nn/1pm- Vending
4pm Machine 3 400 1.2 8 9.6
7am-12nn/1pm- Multipurpose
4pm Printer 8 748 5.984 8 47.872
7am-12nn/1pm-
4pm Machines 12 6000 72 8 576
LCD
8am-10am
Projector 6 390 2.34 2 4.68
7am-12nn/1pm-
4pm Laptop 20 60 1.2 8 9.6
7am-12nn/1pm-
4pm Hand Dryer 6 1000 6 8 48
8am-10am Speaker 12 300 3.6 2 7.2
Total Electric Consumption (kW) 1872.552
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Public Areas, School & Street Lights Load
Public areas and street lights are composed of all, public schools,
government establishments, etc. and street lights in all supplied by the power plant.
MARKET AREA
Power
no. No. of Average Electric
per Power
TIME APPLIANCES of Hours Per Consumption
unit (kW)
units Day (kW)
(W)
6am to
Radio 80 20 1.6 12 19.2
6pm
8am to
T.V. 14" 50 20 1 9 9
5pm
8am to
Electric Fan 50 40 2 9 18
5pm
6pm to Fluorescent
20 90 1.8 12 21.6
6am Lamp
Compact
6pm to
Fluorescent 18 90 1.62 12 19.44
6am Lamp
Total Electric Consumption (kW) 87.24
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SCHOOL
Power per No. of
TIME APPLIANCES Power (W)
unit (kW) units
Speaker 300 2 600
Subtotal 600
7am to 8am
No. of Hours Used Per Day 1
Total (kW) 0.6
T.V. 21" 150 4 600
Ceiling Fan 80 50 4000
Television 21" 150 4 600
8am to Computer Set 150 40 6000
12nn Laptop 60 10 600
Subtotal 11800
Total (kW) 47.2
T.V. 21" 150 4 600
12am to
Subtotal 4600
1pm
Total (kW) 4.6
T.V. 21" 150 4 600
Television 21" 150 4 600
Computer Set 150 40 6000
1am to 5am Laptop 60 10 600
Microscope 20 10 200
Subtotal 12000
Total (kW) 48
Fluorescent Lamp 20 90 160
Compact Fluorescent Lamp 18 90 1620
6pm to
Subtotal 1780
6am
Total (kW) 21.36
TOTAL ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION (kW) 121.76
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CHURCH
Power per no. of
TIME APPLIANCES Power (kW)
unit (kW) units
Speaker 80 8 640
Projector 200 1 200
7am to 9am
No. of Hours Used 2
Total (kW) 5.456
Speaker 80 8 640
Projector 200 1 200
10am to Lights (CFL) 14 32 448
12pm Electric Fan 80 18 1440
No. of Hours Used 2
Total (kW) 5.456
Speaker 80 8 640
Projector 200 1 200
6pm to 8pm Lights (Flourescent) 50 8 400
No. of Hours Used 2
Total (kW) 4.976
Lights (Flrscnt) 50 8 400
8pm to 10pm
No. of Hours Used 2
Total (kW) 1.709952
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BASKETBALL COURT
Power per Power
TIME APPLIANCES No. of units (kW)
unit (W)
7pm to
Lights (Halogen) 400 10 4000
12am
STREET LIGHTS
Power No. Average
Power No. of Hours Electric
TIME APPLIANCES per unit of (kW) Per Day Consumption
(W) units (kW)
6pm to
Post Lights 40 400 16 12 192
6am
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Daily Load Curve
Substation 1
12
10
8
MW Load
0
12am
10am
11am
12pm
10pm
11pm
5am
6pm
1am
2am
3am
4am
6am
7am
8am
9am
1pm
2pm
3pm
4pm
5pm
7pm
8pm
9pm
Time
Substation 2
6
4
MW Load
0
12am
10am
11am
12pm
10pm
11pm
6am
3pm
1am
2am
3am
4am
5am
7am
8am
9am
1pm
2pm
4pm
5pm
6pm
7pm
8pm
9pm
Time
MW Load MW Load
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
5
10
15
20
25
12am
12:00 AM
1:00 AM 1am
2:00 AM 2am
3:00 AM 3am
4:00 AM 4am
5:00 AM 5am
6:00 AM 6am
7:00 AM 7am
8:00 AM 8am
9:00 AM 9am
10:00 AM 10am
11:00 AM 11am
12:00 PM 12pm
Time
Time
1:00 PM 1pm
Substation 3
2:00 PM
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2pm
All Substations
3:00 PM
3pm
4:00 PM
4pm
5:00 PM
5pm
6:00 PM
7:00 PM 6pm
8:00 PM 7pm
9:00 PM 8pm
10:00 PM 9pm
11:00 PM 10pm
11pm
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TIME TOTAL MW TIME TOTAL MW
12:00 a.m. 6.994032 12:00 p.m. 15.170784
1:00 a.m. 6.994032 1:00 p.m. 16.414984
2:00 a.m. 6.994032 2:00 p.m. 15.538384
3:00 a.m. 3.948912 3:00 p.m. 15.39052
4:00 a.m. 3.480432 4:00 p.m. 16.00804
5:00 a.m. 3.155576 5:00 p.m. 14.68644
6:00 a.m. 8.250096 6:00 p.m. 9.356272
7:00 a.m. 15.948544 7:00 p.m. 13.751826
8:00 a.m. 21.822634 8:00 p.m. 14.595906
9:00 a.m. 19.590714 9:00 p.m. 10.618626
10:00 a.m. 18.868624 10:00 p.m. 11.71751
11:00 a.m. 23.226424 11:00 p.m. 6.81068
Actual Energy load in the period of time that is considered is the area under
the variable curve.
Peak Load = 23.226424 MW
Rated Capacity = 32.2 MW
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To calculate the energy consumed, use:
(𝑏1 + 𝑏2) × ℎ𝑟𝑠

𝐴=
2
Actual Energy consumed by the consumers:
(6.994032 + 6.994032) × 1
𝐴1 = = 6.994032
2
(6.994032 + 6.994032) × 1
𝐴2 = = 6.994032
2
(6.994032 + 3.948912) × 1
𝐴3 = = 5.471472
2
(3.948912 + 3.480432) × 1
𝐴4 = = 3.714672
2
(3.480432 + 3.155576) × 1
𝐴5 = = 3.318004
2
(3.155576 + 8.250096) × 1
𝐴6 = = 5.702836
2
(8.250096 + 15.94854) × 1
𝐴7 = = 12.099318
2
(15.94854 + 21.82263) × 1
𝐴8 = = 18.885585
2
(21.82263 + 19.59071) × 1
𝐴9 = = 20.70667
2
(19.59071 + 18.86862) × 1
𝐴10 = = 19.229665
2
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(18.86862 + 23.22643) × 1
𝐴11 = = 21.047525
2
(23.22643 + 15.17078) × 1
𝐴12 = = 19.198605
2
(15.17078 + 16.41498) × 1
𝐴13 = = 15.79288
2
(16.41498 + 15.53838) × 1
𝐴14 = = 15.97668
2
(15.53838 + 15.39052) × 1
𝐴15 = = 15.46445
2
(15.39052 + 16.00804) × 1
𝐴16 = = 15.69928
2
(16.00804 + 14.68644) × 1
𝐴17 = = 15.34724
2
(14.68644 + 9.356272) × 1
𝐴18 = = 12.021356
2
(9.356272 + 13.75183) × 1
𝐴19 = = 11.554051
2
(13.75183 + 14.59591) × 1
𝐴20 = = 14.17387
2
(14.59591 + 10.61863) × 1
𝐴21 = = 12.60727
2
(10.61863 + 11.71751) × 1
𝐴22 = = 11.16807
2
(11.71751 + 6.81068) × 1
𝐴23 = = 9.264095
2
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(6.81068 + 6.994032) × 1
𝐴24 = = 6.902356
2
Total Energy Consumed generated:
A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7+A8+ A9+ A10+A11+A12+A13+A14+A15+A16+
A17+A18+ A19+ A20+ A21+ A22+ A23+ A24= 299.333999 MW-hr
Average Load:
𝐾𝑤 − ℎ𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 299.333999 𝑀𝑊

1. ) 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = =
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 24 ℎ𝑟𝑠.
= 12.47224996 𝑀𝑊
Reserve over Peak:
(𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑂𝑃 𝑖𝑠 10% 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑)
2. ) 𝑅𝑂𝑃 = (0.10)𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = (. 10) 23.226424 = 2.3226424 𝑀𝑊 ≈ 2.32𝑀𝑊
Plant Capacity:
3. ) 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 + 𝑅𝑂𝑃
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑+ . 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1.1(𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑)
= 1.1 (23.22624 𝑀𝑊) = 25.5 𝑀𝑊
Load Factor:
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 12.47224996 𝑀𝑊

4.) 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = = .5370 = 53.70 %
𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 23.226424
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Use Factor:
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑤−ℎ𝑟
4.) 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝐾𝑤 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦×𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 ℎℎℎℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑
299.333999 MW − hr 365𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
× 1 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
1 𝑑𝑎𝑦
= = .4891 = 48.91 %
30 𝑀𝑊 × 24 ℎ𝑟𝑠.
Capacity Factor:
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑

6. ) 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎℎℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
12.47224996 𝑀𝑊
= = .4891 = 48.91%
25.5 𝑀𝑊
Plant Factor:
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
7. ) 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦
12.47224996 𝑀𝑊
= = 48.91 %
25.5𝑀𝑊
Annual Capacity Factor:
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑤 − ℎ𝑟
8. ) 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
𝐾𝑤 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 8760 ℎ𝑟𝑠.
299.333999 MW − ℎ𝑟 365𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
× 1 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
1 𝑑𝑎𝑦
= = 48.91 %
25.5𝑀𝑊 × 8760 ℎ𝑟𝑠.
Demand Factor:
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 23.226424 𝑀𝑊

9. ) 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = = .9108 = 91.08%
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 25.5 𝑀𝑊
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Utilization Factor:
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚

10. )𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚
23.226424 𝑀𝑊
= = .9108
25.5 𝑀𝑊
= 91.08%
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GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
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Gas Turbine Power Station
Fig. 3 Gas Turbine Power Station Layout
A gas turbine power station uses natural gas as the primary fuel for the
generation of electrical energy. For a simple open cycle it comprises of a
compressor, combustor, turbine, auxiliaries and the electric generator.
This power station is generally compact and thus can be located where it is
actually where there is means for natural gas acquisition. This kind of power station
can be used to produce limited amounts of electrical energy depending on its size
and specification. According to P. Morse, he noted that most of the time gas turbine
power is often used only for peaking loads or emergency supply where there is
electricity shortage.
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Gas turbines are the main component that drives the whole system. It is
driven by the heat produced from the combustor during combustion process. When
heat is derived from the combustor it will push the turbine blades to rotate and
generate mechanical energy which will run the shaft going to the gearbox and then
to the generator. Also the power produced in the turbines also powers the
compressor. The compressor sucks in air from the atmosphere and pressurized it
resulting to an increase temperature of the air enough to create combustion in the
combustor.
A gas turbine generator is the coupled to a gearbox that is being run by the
mechanical force induced by the gas turbine in order to create electrical energy.
The energy is then transferred to transformers and energy storages. (Giampaolo,
2006)
Advantages of Open Cycle Gas Turbine
1. Simplicity: A simple open cycle gas turbine has only three components,
compressor and combustion chamber turbine. The combustion chamber is
in expensive, light weight and small with a high rate of heat release. It can
be designed to burn almost all hydrocarbon fuels ranging from gasoline to
heavy diesel oil.
2. Low weight and size: Open cycle gas turbine has lower specific weight and
requires less space per unit power output. This property of producing more
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power output in a small space and low weight is quite useful in the field of
aeronautics.
3. No warm up period: Open cycle gas turbine can accelerate from a cold start
to a full load without a warm up period.
4. Low capital cost: Since open cycle gas turbine has only minimum
components and has low weight and size per unit power output, the capital
cost is less compared to other plants.
Disadvantages of Open Cycle Gas Turbine
1. Sensitivity: The simple open cycle gas turbine is sensitive to changes in the
component efficiencies. A reduction in the efficiencies of compressor and
turbine will rapidly lower the efficiency of the cycle. The open cycle gas
turbine is sensitive to changes in the atmospheric temperature. An increase
in atmospheric temperature lowers the thermal efficiency.
2. High air rate: Simple open cycle gas turbine has a very high air rate. This
high air rate is not a disadvantage in most of the applications like an aviation
field but is a prime factor in marine applications.
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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
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MACHINE FOUNDATION
DESIGN COMPUTATION
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MACHINE FOUNDATION DESIGN
Using formula for machine foundation
𝑊𝑓 = 𝑐𝑊𝑒 √𝑁
Where c = empirical coefficient = assume 0.25; N = 6,500rpm; W e = 63 000kg
𝑚𝑖𝑛. 𝑊𝑓 = (0.25)(63000𝑘𝑔)(√6500𝑟𝑝𝑚)
𝑚𝑖𝑛. 𝑊𝑓 = 1,269,805.595 𝑘𝑔
Let’s say we use 62,425,000kg
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑊𝑓 /р
Where р = approximate Density of building materials, Reinforced concrete, stone
𝑘𝑔
= 2403 𝑚3 (Prime’s Power Plant Engineering Reviewer by Capote and Mandawe).
1,269,805.595 𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑓 =
2403𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝑉𝑓 = 528.425 𝑚3
For the area of the machine foundation we use L = 18.8 m and W = 4.6 m
Ab = 18.8 m x 4.6 m = 86.48 m2
𝑊𝑒 + 𝑊𝑓
𝑆1 =
𝐴𝑏
65 000 𝑘𝑔 + 1,269,805.595 𝑘𝑔
𝑆1 =
86.48 𝑚2
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𝑆1 = 15,434.847 𝑘𝑔/𝑚2
𝑆𝐵𝑆
𝑆𝑑 =
𝐹𝑆
SBS at our location is assumed to be compact clay which will give 5-8tons/ft2. We
will use 8tons/ft2. For factor of safety for safe soil bearing we use 5 (Prime’s Power
Plant Engineering Reviewer by Capote and Mandawe).
8𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠/𝑓𝑡 2
𝑆𝑑 =
5
1.6𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 1000𝑘𝑔 3.28𝑓𝑡 2

𝑆𝑑 = ( )( )
𝑓𝑡 2 𝑡𝑜𝑛 1𝑚
17,213.44𝑘𝑔
𝑆𝑑 =
𝑚2
To assume safe machine foundation S1 must be less than Sd.
15,434.847 𝑘𝑔 17,213.44𝑘𝑔
<
𝑚2 𝑚2
Therefore the machine foundation is safe.
Where;
Ρ = Density of the material (Sand and gravel 1682 kg/𝑚3 )
𝑉𝑓 = 528.425 𝑚3
Solving for the number of cement (C) required for the foundation,
𝑓 𝑉
Number of Cement(C) = 𝑌𝐼𝐸𝐿𝐷
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Where;
Yield = Σ absolute volume of materials
Specific weight of material

Absolute volume of materials = bulk specific gravity x specific weight of water
Specific volume of water = 1/1000kg/𝑚3
Specific volume of Sand and Gravel = 1/1682kg/𝑚3 = 0.000595 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
1682kg/𝑚3
Bulk Specific gravity of concrete = 1000kg/𝑚3 = 1.682
0.000595𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
Yield = 1 = 0.35
1.682( )
1000𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
Number of cement (C) = 528.425 𝑚3/0.35 = 1509.79 bags =1510 bags
Estimating other foundation materials
For Machine foundation (CLASS A) foundation is being applied
For CLASS A:
1 Cement: 2𝑓𝑡 3 sand: 4𝑓𝑡 3 gravel
Volume of sand = (1510 x 2) = 3020 𝑓𝑡 3
Volume of gravel = (1510 x 4) = 6040 𝑓𝑡 3
Materials needed:
Bags of Cement = 1510 bags
Volume of sand = 3020 𝑓𝑡 3 Volume of gravel = 6040 𝑓𝑡 3
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DESIGN SPECIFICATION OF
GAS TURBINE FOR A 25.5 MW
PEAK LOAD DEMAND
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Gas Turbine
Technical specifications
• Power generation: ISO 32.80 MW (e)
• Electrical efficiency: 36.4%
• Heat rate: 9882 kJ/kWh
• Power turbine speed: 6,500 rpm
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• Compressor pressure ratio: 18.6:1
• Exhaust gas flow: 94 kg/s
• Exhaust temperature: 528° C -540° C
• NOx emissions (with DLE corrected to 15 % O2 dry) - Natural gas: ≤15 ppmV
GAS TURBINE GEN SET SGT-700
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Generator • Four-pole design
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• Rated voltage: 10.5/11.0/13.8 kV • Natural gas - Liquid fuel - Dual fuel

• 50 or 60 Hz • On load fuel-changeover capability
• Protection IP 54 • Gas-supply pressure requirement:
• PMG for excitation power supply 27.0 bar (a) ±0.5 bar (395 ±7 psia
• Complies with -IEC/EN 6034-1 Bearings
standard • Tilting pad radial and thrust
Axial Compressor • Vibration and temperature
• 11-stage axial-flow compressor monitoring
- 2 stages variable guide vanes Lubrication
• Electron-beam welded rotor • Common lubricating oil system
Combustion integrated in skid using mineral oil
• 18 dual-fuel Dry Low Emissions • 3 x 50 % AC-driven lube oil pumps
(DLE) burners with DC backup
• Welded annular sheet metal design Gearbox
Compressor Turbine • 50 or 60Hz
• 2-stage turbine air-cooled Starting
Power Turbine • Electric VSD start-motor
• 2-stage turbine uncooled Control System
• Interlocking shrouds • Siemens Simatic S7
Fuel System
Lube oil system

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The function of the lubrication system is to supply enough clean oil with
appropriate temperature and pressure to the bearings of gas generator, generator,
gearbox and bearings of power turbine during starting, normal running and
stopping of the unit.
Fuel supply and regulating system of natural gas
The function of this system is to supply certain temperature natural gas with
stable pressures in order that gas generator can burn with an applicable gas flow
to supply the energy for the unit. It consists of two parts: the first one is fuel
regulating system, which is made up of fast cut-off valve, electromagnetic
evacuation valve, fuel control valve and control device etc. forming an independent
skid enclosure, which is installed on the pedestal of gas turbine cell. The second
one is fuel supply system which consists of general valve, filter, independent-type
pressure regulating valve, evacuation valve, flow meter, sensor of temperature,
pressure and flow as well as gas pipe etc. The upstream terminal of this system is
the outlet of natural gas compressor and the downstream terminal is the inlet of
gas generator fuel regulating system.
Cleaning system
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The cleaning system operates through the water solution with certain.
Composition ratio of cleaning agent sprayed from the nozzles on nozzle ring of gas
turbine at suitable pressure, temperature and flow condition. The system consists
of clean water tank, cleaning agent tank, corrosion-proof liquid tank, solenoid
valve, filter of centrifugal pump, shut off valve and hose to form into an independent
skid enclosure. The off-line cleaning is adopted on this unit (that is, perform
cleaning when the gas turbine is not operated).
Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system
This system consists of thermo induction fire detector, carbon dioxide
cylinder control valve, drive steel cylinder, fireproof flap, control cabinet, pipeline
and sprinkler head etc. Control cabinet is mounted in the central control chamber;
assembled carbon dioxide cylinder is mounted in the steel support of air intake
device.
Enclosure Air-inlet
The function of the enclosure air-inlet filter silencing system is to filter
ventilating air entering into gas generator and the enclosure of gas turbine cell,
prevent dust absorbed and lower the noise sent out from the front part of gas
generator.
Exhaust system
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The function of the exhaust system is to exhaust the gas from exhaust scroll
case of gas turbine into atmosphere. It consists of expansion joint, silencer,
stack, support and etc. The support is fixed on the cement foundation by
bolts. The height from ground to rainproof cover is about 20m.
AC generator
Thermal energy is changed into mechanical energy through the gas turbine,
and then transformed into electric energy through generator and merged into
electric power network. The generator is a brushless excitation generator and
adopts closed cycle air cooling, which rated power is 10000kW, power factor is
0.8, output voltage is 13.8kV, frequency is 60Hz and speed is 3000rpm, cooling of
the motor is upper water cooling. The generator consists of rotor, stator, and
pedestal, cooling air intake and exhaust duct and water cooler.
Speed Reduction Gearbox
The function of speed reduction gearbox is to reduce the power turbine
speed from 12000rpm to 3000rpm to drive the generator. The big and small gears
in gearbox are arranged up and down in the same vertical plane and the center
distance of high- and low-speed shafts is 540mm. The maximum load is 10000kw.
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College of Engineering and Aviation: University of Perpetual Help System Laguna Brgy. Sto. Niño, City of Biñan, Laguna

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UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM LAGUNA

Brgy. Sto. Niño, City of Biñan, Laguna

application in all fields of activity such as agriculture, industry, transportation, etc.

on developing energy intensive industries in almost all newly emerging countries

to boost their economies in order to combat poverty and hardship.

rotor mounted on a common shaft. It thus, resembles a steam turbine, but it is a

1|Gas Turbine Power Plant

LOCATION OF THE PLANT

Batangas is a first class province of the Philippines located on the

southwestern part of Luzon in the CALABARZON region. Its capital is Batangas

referred to by its ancient name Kumintang.

Island in Bauan, Matabungkay in Lian, Punta Fuego in Nasugbu, Calatagan and

Laiya in San Juan.

The province of Batangas is subdivided into 31 municipalities, 3 cities. Of

these municipalities, the proposed 25.5 MW gas turbine power plant is to be

"Lagnas". It became an independent municipality in 1969. The municipality is

2|Gas Turbine Power Plant

and chemical plants as well as other industrial and commercial establishments.

It is located between two progressive localities, Bauan its mother town, on

Municipality Cuenca and San Jose, on the Northwest by the Municipality of

Alitagtag and on the South by the Batangas Bay.

Fig. 1 Map of San Pascual Batangas

3|Gas Turbine Power Plant

San Pascual Demography

San Pascual is a coastal municipality in the province of Batangas.

Administratively the Municipality of San Pascual is subdivided into 29 barangays.

square miles which constitutes 1.63% of Batangas's total area.

Table 1, List of Barangays in San Pascual, Batangas

Barangay Urbanisation Population

4|Gas Turbine Power Plant

Natunuan South Rural 1,198

The residents of San Pascual, Batangas has a total population of 65,424

represented 2.43% of the total population of Batangas province, or 0.45% of the

overall population of the CALABARZON region. Based on these figures, the

population density is computed at 1,290 inhabitants per square kilometer or

3,341 inhabitants per square mile.

5|Gas Turbine Power Plant

6|Gas Turbine Power Plant

The Geographical location of the final plant has a strong influence on

the minimum cost of production and distribution can be obtained. Principal

factors of Plant must be:

1. Raw material availability

2. Location (with respect to the marketing area)

3. Availability of suitable land

4. Transport facilities and trading

7. Environmental impact effluent disposal

8. Local community considerations

7|Gas Turbine Power Plant

Figure 2. Exact Location of the Power Plant

The municipality of San Pascual have a total households to be supplied

amounting to 9,774. The power plant will be located in Barangay Poblacion.

8|Gas Turbine Power Plant

9|Gas Turbine Power Plant

Residential load is a term which is used to describe the amount of electricity

access it typically limited by the amount of its service drop.

The residents of San Pascual, Batangas has a population of 65,424 people

according to the 2015 Census according to Philippine Statistics Office, and

households of 9,744 households.

We divide each households in every Substation

CLASS No. of Households

RESIDENTIAL LOAD TABLES:

No. of Households 488