Theoritical review

Nuclear energy has great benefits for the good of humanity, for not misused and applied
with a high level of security. Radiodiagnostic, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine is a branch
of medical science that utilize nuclear energy for health (Akhadi, 2000).

According to WHO (World Health Organisation), nuclear medicine is a medical specialty that
uses radiation energy is open to studying changes in physiology and biochemistry, so it can
be used for diagnostic, therapeutic and medical research. Open radiant energy is given in
the form of a radiopharmaceutical agent that is inserted into the body by mouth, inhaled or
injected. Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive substances used in the field of nuclear
medicine both for diagnostic or treatment purposes (Nurlaila, 2002). Radiopharmaceuticals
pertechnetate Tc99m is a radiopharmaceutical that is ideal for diagnostic purposes using a
gamma camera, because of advantages: (1) only emits gamma radiation and does not emit
other radiation, (2) emitted gamma radiation has low energy is 140.5 keV, ( 3) a short half
time is 6.03 hours, and (4) the purification process is easy to do (Awaludin, 2011).

Various diseases can be diagnosed using a nuclear medicine. One of the diseases that can be
diagnosed is a thyroid disease. The thyroid gland is an organ that produces thyroid hormone
that plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolic rate and regulating the
amount of oxygen used by cells (Syaifuddin, 2006).

Thyroid hormones affect the growth of development, and the various processes in the cell.
Abnormal thyroid hormone affects many functions on a person's organs. To get the value of
the function of the thyroid gland requires a radiopharmaceutical imaging results.
Radiopharmaceuticals are routinely used for thyroid examination is I131, I123, and Tc99m
perteknetat (Bushberg, 2002).

Hyperthyroid disease is a thyroid disease that is caused due to an excess of iodine in the
blood, so the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone excess. This causes the body's
metabolism will take place very quickly and there is an imbalance in the body's metabolism.
Based on the sex of the patient is shown that hyperthyroid disease affects more females
than males. According to Schwartz (1995), the ratio of the number of hyperthyroid patients
between women and men is 2: 1.

Penyakithipertiroid used to diagnose thyroid scan that uses gamma camera imaging of the
thyroid after radiopharmaceutical injection. The results of thyroid scan imaging can be used
to look at the morphology and function of the thyroid gland.
Sidik thyroid is a functional imaging of the thyroid gland morphology Based on the ability of
the thyroid gland and pertecnetat grasp their Iodide.

ROI (Region of Interest) is a software that resides dikomputer gamma camera and displays
images of the thyroid in units of counts (count).

Radiopharmaceutical biodistribution is the spread throughout the body, can be a way of

radiopharmaceutical is injected intervena on certain body parts and will follow the blood
flow so that permeate the body.

Dose Calibrator is one type of radionuclide activity measurement tools. In general, the tool
used by the hospital for the measurement of the activity of Technetium-99m (Tc-99m).

Martha, R .. (2014). "Determination Using the biodistribution Tc99m Perteknetat

Roi Technique in Patients with hyperthyroidism (Struma Difusa) ". Journal of Physics Unand,
3,

(1), 1-4.

Vandria, A .. (2014). "Thyroid Uptake Analysis Techniques Using Roi (Region

Of Interest) in Patients with hyperthyroidism ". Journal of Physics Unand, 3,

(1), 1-4.