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Summary of Important Equations
Summary of Important Equations
1. Why can a body moving at constant 7. Where would you expect the center 11. Is it possible for the center of gravity
velocity be considered as a body in of gravity of a sphere to be located? of a booy to lie outside of the body?
equilibrium? A cylinder? (Hint: consider a doughnut.)
2. Why cannot an accelerated body be t 8. When lifting heavy objects why is it tI2. Why does an obese person have morc
considered as in equilibrium? said that you should bend your knees trouble with lower back problems
3. Why can a point outside the body in and lift with your legs instead of your than a thin person?
equilibrium be considered as an axis back? Explain. 13. Describe how a lever works in terms
to compute torques? 9. A short box and a tall box arc sitting of the concept of torque.
4. What is the difference between the on the floor of a truck. If the truck tt4. Describe how you could determine
center of mass of a body and its makes a sudden stop, which box is the center of gravity of an irregular
center of gravity? more likely to tumble over? Why? body such as a plate, experimentally.
5. A ladder is resting against a wall and tJO. A person is sitting at the end of a tIS. Engineers often talk about the
a person climbs up the ladder. Is the row boat that is at rest in the middle moment of a force acting on a body.
ladder more likely to slip out at the of the lake. If the person gets up and Is there any difference between the
bottom as the person climbs closer to walks toward the front of the boat, concept of a torque acting on a body
the top of the ladder? Explain. what will happen to the boat? and the moment of a force acting on
6. When flying an airplane a pilot Explain in terms of the center of a body?
frequently changes from the fuel mass of the system.
tank in the right wing to the fuel
tank in the left wing. Why does he do
this?
5. 1 The First Condition 3. What force must be applied parallel 4. Two ropes are attached to the ceiling
to the plane to make the block move as shown, making angles of 40.0°
of Equilibrium
up the frictionless plane at constant and 20.0°. A weight of 100 N is
1. In a laboratory experiment on a force speed? hung from the knot. What is the
table, three forces are in equilibrium. tension in each rope?
One force of 0.300 N acts at an F
angle of 40.0°. A second force of
0.800 N acls al an angle of 120 0
•
40° 30°
150 Mechanics
/
22. Two men are carrying a 9.00-m Center of Gravity of a Body t37. A I.OO-kgcircular metal plate of
telephone pole that has a mass of 115 29. A tapered pole 10.0 ft long weighs radius 0.500 m has attached to it a
kg. If the center of gravity of the 25.0 lb. The pole balances at its mid- smaller circular plate of the same
pole is 3.00 m from the right end, point when a 5.00-lb weight hangs material of 0.100 m radius, as shown
and the men lift the pole at the ends, from the slimmer end. Where is the in the diagram. Find the center of
how much weight must each man center of gravity of the pole? mass of the combination with respect
support? t30. A loaded wheelbarrow that weighs to the center of the large plate.
23. A uniform board that is 5.00 m long 75.0 lb has its center of gravity 2.00
and weighs 450 N is supported by ft from the front wheel axis. If the
two wooden horses, 0.500 m from distance from the wheel axis to the
each end. If a 800-N person stands end of the handles is 6.00 ft, how
on the board 2.00 m from the right much of the weight of the
end, what force will be exerted on wheelbarrow is supported by each
each wooden horse? arm?
24. A 300-N boy and a 250-N girl sit at t31. Find the center of gravity of the
opposite ends of a 4.00-m seesaw. carpenters square shown in the
Where should another 250-N girl sit diagram.
in order to balance the seesaw?
25. A uniform beam 10.0 ft long and 1.29"
weighing 15.0 lb carries a load of
20.0 lb at one end and 45.0 lb at the
other end. It is held horizontal, while
resting on a wooden horse 4.00 ft t38. This is the same problem as 37
from the heavier load. What torque except the smaller circle of material
must be applied to keep it at rest in is removed from the larger plate.
this position? Where is the center of mass now?
26. A uniform beam 3.50 m long and
I
weighing 90.0 N carries a load of
110 N at one end and 225 N at the
,
2.0 Crane Boom Problems
39. A horizontal uniform boom that
~----24.0" "
other end. It is held horizontal, while weighs 200 N and is 5.00 m long
resting on a wooden horse 1.50 m 32. The front and rea'r axles of a 3 boo-lb supports a load WL of 1000 N, as
from the heavier load. What torque car are 8.00 ft apart. If the ce Jter of shown in the figure. Find all the
must be applied to keep it at rest in gravity of the car is located 3.od ft forces acting on the boom.
this position? behind the front axle, find the load
27. A uniform pole 5.00 m long and supported by the front and rear
weighing 100 N is to be carried at its wheels of the car.
ends by a man and his son. Where 33. The front and rear axles of a IIIO-kg
should a 250-N load be hung on the car are 2.50 m apart. If the center of
pole, such that the father will carry gravity of the car is located 1.15 m
twice the load of his son? behind the front axle, find the load
28. A meter stick is hung from two supported by the front and rear
scales that are located at the 20.0- wheels of the car.
and 70.0-cm marks of the meter 34. A very bright but lonesome child
stick. Weights of 2.00 N are placed decides to make a seesaw for one.
at the 10.0- and 40.0-cm marks, The child has a large plank, and a
while a weight of 1.00 N is placed at wooden horse to act as a fulcrum.
the 90.0-cm mark. The weight of the Where should the child place the
uniform meter stick is 1.50 N. fulcrum, such that the plank will
Determine the scale readings at A balance, when the child is sitting on
and B in the diagram. the end? The child weighs 60.0 lb
and the plank weighs 40.0 lb and is
10.0 ft long. (Hint: find the center of 40. A horizontal, uniform boom 4.00 m
gravity of the system.) long that weighs 200 N supports a
load WL of 1000 N. A guy wire that
Center of Mass helps to support the boom, is
35. Four masses of 20.0, 40.0, 60.0, and attached 1.00 m in from the end of
80.0 g are located at the respective the boom. Find all the forces acting
distances of 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, and on the boom.
40.0 cm from an origin. Find the
Fa center of mass of the system.
36. Three masses of 15.0, 45.0, and
25.0 g are located on the x-axis at
10.0,25.0, and 45.0 cm. Two masses
of 25.0 and 33.0 g are located on the
y-axis at 35.0 and 50.0 cm,
respectively. Find the center of mass
of the system.
152
Mechanics
t54. Consider the same situation as in Additional Problems t59. A sling is used to support a leg as
problem 53 except that the person is shown in the diagram. The leg is
t56. If W weighs 100 N, find (a) the elevated at an angle of 20.0°. The
overweight. The center of gravity
tension in ropes 1, 2, and 3 and bed exerts a reaction force R on the
with the additional weight is now
(b) the tension in ropes 4,5, and 6. thigh as shown. The weight of the
located 15.0 cm in front of the fifth
The angle 8 = 52.0° and the angle thigh, leg, and ankle are given by WT,
lumbar vertebra instead of the
<I> = 33.0°.
previous 8.00 cm. Hence a greater WL, and w A, respectively, and the
torque will be exerted by this locations of these weights are as
additional weight. The distance of shown. The sling is located 27.0 in.
the lower back muscles is only from the point 0 in the diagram. A
slightly greater at 6.00 cm. If the free body diagram is shown in part b
person weighs 240 Ib find the force of the diagram. Find the weight w
FR on the fifth lumbar vertebra and that is necessary to put the leg into
the force FM exerted by the lower equilibrium.
back muscles.
(a)
wA=6.8Ib
A 1---- _...1
wL = 19.21b
_
WT = 431b
154
Mechanics