GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

SOP OF POTENTIOMETER
1. Before connecting the mains keep the controls as under (a) SELECTOR switch
to ‘O’.

(b) STIRRER switch to ‘MIN’. (to its built-in ‘OFF’ position)

(c) SET POINTER to about the middle of its full range.

2 .Connect the mains supply (230 Volts 50 HZ) and switch “ON” the MAINS
switch. The red pilot lamp will then light up and the display will show some
reading near about to O mv.

3. Rotate the STIRRER control knob and adjust the stirrer speed.

4. Connect the pins of the sensors to the sockets provided on the machine on both
sides of the plated rod. (Calomel to black socket) and lower the sensors with the
spring clamp. So that the tips of the sensors are well immersed in the solution in
the beaker. Care should be taken to see that the tips may not get smashed by the
rotating magnetic rotor. Turn SELECTOR to ‘POT-G’ or ‘POT-M’ as the case
may be. To ‘POT-G’ if Class/Calomel pair is used and to ‘POT-M’ for
Metal/Calomel pair.

5.The display will now show some positive or negative reading depending on the
nature and strength of the solution. Adjust it near to ‘O’ by SET POINTER knob.
Note: The instrument is provided with ‘COARSE’ and ‘FINE’ SET POINTER
controls. Fine control can be used to adjust the milli-volts reading precisely to O on
the digital display. While coarse control is used for major change in the milli-volt
reading. When “SELECTOR” is in ‘O’ or ‘O-R’ position, both FINE and
COARSE “SET POINTER” will have no control on Digital display.

6. Add some drops of solution from the burette and note the reading on the digital
display. Add fixed volume of solution from the burette (say 1ml, 0.5 ml OR 0.1 ml
) every time and note the reading of “CHANGE IN MILLIVOLTS” for each
addition. It will be found that for the same addition every time the display will
show larger and larger change in millivolts and at the END POINT, the change will
be suddenly large. With further additions, the change will be progressively smaller
and smaller. Thus the change in millivolts will be maximum at the END POINT.
The reading corresponds to the maximum change in millivolts should be
considered for calculations. A special feature of this instrument is that, one can
bring the display reading back to O mv and add the further solution from the
burette. Since only change in millivolts is to be noted after each addition the
shifting of reading to O mv makes no difference. Thus by adjusting display reading
to O mv with each addition highest accuracy can be obtained by skillful handling.
If the changes in millivolts are very small a graph of the change in millivolts “v/s”
volume added may be drawn for accurate location of “END POINT”.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF HOT AIR STERILIZER
1. Load the material(cleaned glassware wrapped in brown paper) to be
sterilized on the trays provided within the oven, close the door and
tighten it with the clamps provided.
2. Connect the plug to the power source and switch on the power.
3. Switch on the mains of oven.
4. LED lamp for the power indicator will glow.
5. Switch on the fan of the oven.
6. Press and hold the red button given in the temperature control box
which will display the pre-set temperature.
7. Set required temperature using temperature adjustment knobs.
8. Rotate the arrow mark of energy regulator knob from OFF position to
LOW, MEDIUM or HIGH position according to the temperature
requirement and urgency, to reach the required temperature.
9. Heaters will start, the LED for heating will start glowing and the
temperature rises steadily to the Set temperature.
10. Note the time at which the set temperature is reached.
11. Consider the Hold time from the reach of Set Temperature for
sterilization.
12. After completion of sterilization switch off the MAINS and the
power source.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF conductivity meter
1. Switch on the main supply and press the N button of the conductiity
meter to switch on the meter and switch off the meter.
2. For automatic temperature compensation (ATC). Simply attach the
conductivity/TDS electrode to the meter ensure that the ATC mode has
been selected in the setup menu The ATC indicator will light on the
LCD.
3. Note: If the conductivity/ TDS electrode is not properly attached to
the meter or it has been damaged, the ATC indicator will blink and the
temperature display will show “Ur”.
4. Rinse the electrode with de-ionized or distilled water before use to
remove any impurities adhering to the electrode body. Shake or air dry.
To avoid contamination or dilution of your sample rinse the electrode
with the small volume of your sample.
5. Press ON to switch on the meter.
6. Dip the electrode into the sample.
7. When dipping the electrode into the sample, take care to ensure that
the liuid leel is above its upper steel band. Stir the electrode gently in the
sample to create a homogeneous sample.
8. Allow time for the reading to stabilize. Note the reading on the
display.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF TRAY DRYER
1. Before starting the dryer, check that the machine is clean.
2. Check that the main switch is off.
3. Load the materials that need to be dried onto the trays and
close the door firmly.
4. Set the temperature and turn on the electrical supply.
5. Start the blower and heater.
6. Run the dryer for the prescribed length of time to achieve
the required degree of drying.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF DIGITAL BALANCE
1. Make sure that the balance is kept clean.
2. Ensure that the calibration status is valid.
3. Ensure that spirit level is in the center of the circle.
4. Connect the power cable to the mains and switch ‘ON’.
5. Automatically self checking starts & ends with OFF.
6. Press ON/OFF key, all the display will glow.
7. Press “TARE KEY”, 0.00000 mark appears on the display.
8. The stability of the reading is obtained which is indicated by
an arrow mark on the left side of the display.
9. Once the stability is attained, the balance is ready for
weighing.
10. Place the material to be weighed on the pan & note down the
reading after the arrow mark appears on the left side of the
display.
11. After completion of weighing press, “ON/OFF” key,
“STAND BY” light glows.
12. Clean the balance immediately after weighing.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF ELECTRONIC WATER BATH
1. Connect the power supply.
2. Ensure the water level in water bath is sufficiently above the
heating element.
3. Switch “ON” the main power supply and instrument mains.
Temperature setting
4. Press SET key to set the required temperature. Press ↑ to
increase the temperature and ↓ to reduce the temperature
5. The temperature sensor will maintain the set temperature
during the use of water bath.
6. Switch “OFF” the instrument mains & main power supply
after use.
7. Drain the water from the water bath.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF mechanical stirrer
1. The cleanliness of the stirrer must be ensured.
2. Fix the shaft or propeller to the motor. Keep the shaft into the
suspension to the half of the depth of suspension or up to that
level so that suspension should not flush out.
3. Put “ON” the electric supply and start the stirring.
4. Stirring is carried out until uniform slurry is obtained or for
specified time period.
5. Switch “OFF” the mains after completion of the operation.
6. The equipment must be cleaned after the use.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF moisture balance
1. Ensure that moisture balance is properly connected to the
power supply.

2. Check that the air bubble of level indicator is at the center,

and if required adjust the level by turning the leveling screws.

3. Switch on the main switches, then moisture balance displays

0.000 gms.

4. Place a clean aluminum dish and press tare button on the bar
to tare the aluminum dish weight. This display should record
0.000 gms.

5. Place approx. 2.000 gms of powder on aluminum dish and

close the main body.

6. Set the temperature by pressing temperature key.

7. Then press START button.

8. Wait till % of moisture display on the balance.

 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF spectrophotometer
Photometric mode:
1. To connect spectrophotometer with software click on connects after connecting
a green color indicator will be highlighted on the computer.

2. Select [Window] →[Photometric], it will be display UV Probe (system

Administrator)- [Photometric].

3. Create the method enter the wavelength & add the parameter, select calibration
and enter raw data and save the method.

4. For blank correction, take two clean cuvettes, after proper rinsing keep the
blank solution prior to the measurement in the both cuvette and wipe them clean
from the outside using tissue paper.

5. Place one cuvette in the reference cell holder and the other in the sample cell
holder. Close the sample compartment.

6. Press ‘AUTO ZERO’ key. In case of multi wavelength press ‘Baseline key.

7. After Blank correction, keep the sample in sample compartment. Click on

‘Read Unk.’ to measure the absorbance.

8. After completion of measurement remove the cuvettes and wash them with
purified water followed by acetone, so that the cuvettes get dried easily.

9. Click Report button, it will displayed report template of respective test.

Spectrum mode :

1. Select [Window] → [Spectrum], it will be display UV Probe (system

Administrator) – [Spectrum].

2. To create the measurement file select method enter the wavelength

range from start to end select scanning rate at medium speed then save
the method file at desired path (If method is already exist then open the
method and do the baseline correction and scan the sample).

3. For baseline correction take two clean cuvettes, After proper rinsing,
keep the blank solution prior to the measurement in the both cuvettes
and wipe them clean from the outside using tissue paper.

4. Place the cuvette in the sample cell holder. Close the sample
compartment.

5. Click on baseline button, the “Baseline Parameters” file gets opened,

select the wavelength range (nm) start to end. And click on ‘OK’ to
measure the baseline.

6. Keep the standard or sample in sample compartment. Click on Start

button for scanning, it will display the [New Data Set] , Save the data
with respective name and path.

7. After scanning, Select [Operation] → [Peak Pick] to the data at each

wavelength of the spectrum can be read.

8. Select Report button, it will displayed report template of respective

test.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF hutchinson’s spirometer
1. Fill the water by three fourth of its height.
2. Set the scale on zero.
3. Fill air by mouth.
4. Check the respiratory volume.
5. Remove all filled water.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF MONSANTO HARDNESS TESTER

1. Place the sample tablet in the vertically holding edges on the

anvil of hardness tester.

2. Adjust the pointer at zero position on the scale by rotating the

screw in forward direction.

3. Now rotate the screw till break point of tester.

4. The breakage of tablets shows hardness on the scale.

5. Repeat the procedure 8-10 times for average reading. Record

the observation in inspection sheet.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF pfizer HARDNESS TESTER

1. It is suitable for tablet hardness testing, very handy, portable,

record hardness quickly and directly on dial indicator.

2. As the tablet is crushed by pressing the jaws of the

instrument, the force is recorded on a dial indicator calibrated
in force unit1/5 kg.

3. Squeeze of hand grip generates the breaking force.

4. Release of the hand pressure opens the jaws instantly.

 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF BOD incubator

1. Before the load is places in the incubator the oven should be

brought up to operating temperature.

2. Oven should work within temperature range of 5-60oC.

3. Temperature shall be controlled by electronic digital

indicator cum controller.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF magnetic stirrer with hot plate

1. Switch on the instrument.

2. Set temperature by turning the temperature knob in clockwise

direction.

3. To select a speed turn the “SPEED” control clockwise until

the desired mixing action is achieved. The illuminated
“STIR” pilot light shows when the unit is stirring. Stirring
capability is 100-1000.

4. Turn off the temperature and speed knob, then switch off the
instrument.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF autoclave

1. Ensure that the drain stainer in the bottom of the autoclave is

clean.

2. Set the water level. Place the secondary pan containing the
items to be sterilized on the shelf or rack of the autoclave.

3. Do not overload the autoclave.

4. Firmly lock the autoclave.

5. Switch on the autoclave.

6. Sterilize at 121oC (15psi) for 15 mins.

 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF MUFFLE FURNANCE

1. Ensure that the instrument is connected to the power supply.

2. Switch “ON” the main power supply, glowing of red light at
mains indicates the power supply.
3. Switch on the instrument by ON position which leads to
activation of green control bulb and the temperature controller.
4. Set the temperature required by pressing and holding the red
‘PRESS TO SET’ button and rotate the adjust screw to set the
required temperature and release the push button.
5. The digital display shows the actual temperature of furnace
and the red light of the temperature controller glows.

6. When temperature reaches at the setting point, the red light of

temperature controller automatically switched “OFF” and green
light will glow. The equipment is now ready for operation.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF FRIABILITY TEST APPARATUS

1. The rotating chamber of the apparatus rotates at a speed of 25

rpm drops the tablet at a distance of 15 cms.

2. Pre-weighed tablets are places in the apparatus which gives

10 revolutions.

3. Then tablets are weighed once again; the weight loss should
not be more than 1%.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF bulk density APPARATUS

1. Ensure that the working bench and instrument is clean.

2. Connect the instrument to the 230 Volts A/C power supply.
3. Switch on the instrument.
4. Weigh an empty, clean and dried stoppered graduated measuring
cylinder in a balance and tare the weight.
5. Transfer the material to be measured up to ¾ th of measuring cylinder
and weigh the cylinder along with material.
 Stopper the cylinder, to avoid sample spillage while tapping.

6. Place the cylinder in the sample holder and tighten properly.

7. Set the number of strokes as per specified monograph or 50 strokes.
8. Put on the alarm switch.
9. Put on the mains of motor to start tapping.
10. The instrument automatically stops after the set no. of strokes is
tapped with beep sound.
11. Remove the measuring cylinder from the holder.
12. Again measure the weight and calculate the density after tapping.
13. Switch off the instrument.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF PROJECTION MICROSCOPE

1. Switch on the instrument by using ‘ON /OFF’ switch.

2. The green LED integrated ‘ON /OFF’ switch lights up, to indicate that the instrument is
ready for operation.
3. Set the required brightness through brightness control.
4. Position the slide on the stage with the sample to be observed on the upper surface of the
slide.
5. Adjust the slide to bring into the exact center of the light source.
6. Low magnification objective lens shall be focussed first followed by high magnification
lens on the center of the sample.
7. Turn the coarse adjustment knob to adjust the stage.
8. While observing through the ocular bring the object into focus by adjusting with the
coarse knob. By using fine adjustment knob, focus the sample for better resolution.
9. Adjust the diaphragm lever to reduce or increase the light intensity to produce the clear
and sharp image.
10. Once the image is visible, adjust the slide for the targeted item in the image.
11. To proceed from low power to high power magnification, rotate the high power objective
into position.
12. Make a minor adjustment with the fine adjustment knob to sharpen up the image, if
necessary.
13. Whenever the objective to be observed under oil immersion, place one-drop immersion
oil or require quantity after it is focused with magnification. Then bring the oil immersion
lens (100 X) into position.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF UV CaBINET

1. Ensure the area is clean.

2. Switch on the main power supply.
3. Switch on “VISIBLE LIGHT” marked switch.
4. Open the door.
5. Keep the TLC plate in the chamber.
6. Switch off “VISIBLE LIGHT”.
7. Close the door.
8. Switch on the required UV Light (i.e. Shortwave (254 nm),
long wave (360 nm).
9. Visualize the sample from outside the chamber through glass
provided to visualize the sample inside the chamber.
10. After visualizing the sample note down the observation,
switch off the UV light and remove the plate from the chamber.
11. Take care that any part of the body should not come in direct
contact with UV light.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF SINGLE BEAM SPECTROPHOTOMETER

1. Ensure that the area is clean.

2. Switch on the main power.
3. Switch on the instrument.
4. Allow stabilizing for 15 min.
5. Set the desired wavelength with the knob in increasing order.
6. Keep the sensitivity switch at the highest position.
7. Put the mode selector at % T position.
8. Set the filter wheel as per the wavelength.
9. Adjust zero percent transmittance with the help of set zero control.
10. Rinse reference cuvette and sample cuvette with blank solution 2 to 3 times.
11. Adjust 100% T with the help of % knob.
12. Remove the cuvette and drain out the blank solution from it. Rinse it with
sample 2-3 times and filled with sample.
13. Clean the outer surface of the reference cuvette with tissue paper.
14 Place the cuvette into the sample holder and cover the cuvette compartment.
15 The reading shown in the data position is the absorbance or % T of the sample.
16. Record the results.
17. Remove both the cuvette and wash with purified water or methanol as required.
 GNIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SOP OF DOUBLE organ bath

1. Assemble the student’s organ bath and fill water in outer jacket.
2. Fill the physiological salt solution (PSS1) in the mariottes bottle and
maintain the temperature of the outer jacket at 37oC.
3. Maintain the aeration at a speed of 16-20 bubbles per minute.
4. Stick the kymograph paper to the Sherington’s rotating drum at 18
rpm.
5. Mount the isolated tissue preparation in u-right position in the inner
organ tube containing tyrode solution (PSS).
6. Relax the tissue for 30 min and record the contraction due to
standard drug.
7. Ninety seconds contact time and a total 5 min time cycle may be
used for proper recording of the responses.
8. Give 3-4 washings of the muscle preparation.
9. Record atleast four responses to increase doses of standard drug or
till you get the maximum response with.
10. Properly label the graph, put the date, your name, measure the
height of the response (mm) and draw a dose (concerntration)-
response graph.
11. Remove the tissue from the inner organ tube.
12. Clean the assembly, empty the mariottes bottle and plug off the
switches after completion of the experiment.
 Standard operating procedure

colorimeter

1. Switch the instrument on.

2. Indicator in the top panel of the instrument will light up and

1 will appear on the read out.

3. Select the appropriate filter by adjusting the disc to indicate

the number of filter covering the spectral range of interest.

4. Place the test tube containing blank in the test tube holder
and adjust value zero.

5. Replace test tube containing blank with test solution.

6. Read value on the panel.

7. Switch the instrument off.

GNIT College of Pharmacy