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Problem Identification: For the selection of this particular problem for my
project work, we used the primary health care (PHC) approach in which we
follow the following steps; 1) Assessment We assess various families of the
community of Ali Raza Abad for the purpose of identifying different health
problems and then last we select the anemia. 2) Prevalence There were
different diseases present in this community but the prevalence of anemia in
this community of Ali Raza Abad was 50 due to which we select this disease.
3) Prioritization The problem was prioritized by looking to various aspects like
seriousness, community concern and mortality rate. The community people
have poor knowledge about sign and symptoms, causes, complication and
prevention about anemia. So considering all these aspects this particular
disease was selected for project work. Introduction: I have visited the
community of Ali Raza Abad from more than one month. It is a rural
community situated at the Raiwind road Lahore. Community was assessed on
family assessment form. During the assessment of the 135 families, a number
of diseases were on focus which had high prevalence rate in community like
HCV, diabetes, HTN and scabies etc. but the highest rate of disease found is
Anemia which were in 50 families. Anemia is not a disease but a state in
which the hemoglobin content of blood is lesser than average as a result of
shortage of one or more needed nutrients mostly iron, which is necessary for
the development of hemoglobin. Anemia in any form is characterized by an
abnormal reduction in total blood red blood cell mass subsequent, reduction in
absorption of hemoglobin of blood on red blood cells mass. The poorer
hemoglobin level and deficient number of red blood cells due to lack of iron
decreases the oxygen transport capacity to various tissue, damages brain
development, physical work ability and instruction of body temperature.
Various studies have shown that anemia straight physical as well as the
mental capacity of individual. Dietary anemia is a global problem growing in
increasing countries. This problem is most commonly faced by young females
of 10 to 20 years of age. Global Prevalence of iron deficit anemia was 50%
among the females of reproductive age. Previous documentations in 2015
from Lahore, a city of Pakistan has informed that 50% of the Pakistani
females of reproductive age were suffering from anemia and 21% of the
females of age group 9-29 years face the similar problem in Punjab, a
province of Pakistan. Same occurrence has been reported from neighboring
country India Body: The problem existed is the large number of cases of
Anemia in the community of Ali Raza Abad and the community need to know
about the various, Sign and symptoms, factors that cause Anemia and
complications regarding Anemia. In the community of Ali Raza Abad which is
our selected area for this project the cases of Anemia is very apparent which
were 50 in number. I assess various families of the community of Ali Raza
Abad for the purpose of identifying their health problems. Various health
problems were present in the community but the prevalence of Anemia was
high in the community so that’s why I want to select this problem. Community
was assessed on family assessment form. During the assessment of the 135
families, a number of diseases were on focus which had high prevalence rate
in community like HCV, HTN, scabies etc. but the highest rate of disease
found is Anemia which were in 50 families. I selected the Anemia and after
selection of the topic I developed questionnaire on the basis of sign &
symptoms, causes, prevention, and treatment to check Knowledge, attitude
and practice in adolescence girls about Anemia in the urban area of Ali Raza
Abad. Causes of anemia The incidence of anemia has often effectiveness
anemia and anemia are frequently used synonymously, as additional than
50% of the cases of anemia are due to deficient iron intake the ratio may vary
depending amongst different groups and areas according to limited situations
As clarified previously, Iron deficiency anemia, developments through
dissimilar stages of iron absence opening with iron reduction, which if not
modified, will ultimately central to IDA. The main causes for iron lack anemia
contain low nutritional intake of iron, poor preoccupation of iron from foods
due to existence of phenolic mixtures in the diet. There are stages of life when
obligation of iron are particularly high during childhood and adolescent growth
and pregnancy. This is because the essential for iron rises during these times
of growth and development. Other main causes may be credited to
malnourishment, intestinal infestations, reduced intake of nutrients and
inherited factors, secondary disease, poverty, poor
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Factors of anemia Anemia has serious harmful significances on over all
national development. The occurrence of anemia is a pointer of both poor diet
and poor health of nation. Iron insufficiency anemia is listed in “top ten” risk
factors causative to the global load of diseases. It is the most joint cause of
augmented risk of maternal and child humanity, also rises the chances of fetal
deaths, irregularities, and preterm and under weight babies. Risk Factors In
addition, the negative significances of IDA on cognitive presentation leading to
a shortage of five to ten points in intellect quotient (IQ). It also affect physical
development, language skills, motor skills and coordination among infant and
young children and physical development of children. It also influence the
immune system and upturns the chances of infections and provocative
disease, leading to fatigue, weakness, lethargy, shortness of breath, Pain,
discomfort, anxiety, depression and decreased attentiveness. All these
contribute to reduced work capacity and overall performance in adults,
transporting serious financial consequences and problems to national
development. Intervention strategies • Promotion and management of anemia
• iron fortification of essential foods • Iron additions to high risk groups •
Growth production of food amusing in iron • .Promoting ingesting of foods with
iron • Stimulating eating of all micronutrients like folic acid, vitamins A, C, B-12
and zinc Timely immunization of children • Inhibition and treatment of
infectious diseases • Management obstetric problems, particularly extreme
bleeding • Improve water and sanitation facilities/practices • Growing public
awareness and information, educating public about health risk associated with
anemia Literature review: Many scholars have stated that anemia is
connected with fatigue, general malaise compact work ability and poor
attentiveness. It badly affects learning, cognitive purpose, behavior, courtesy
and steady activities of young girls According to World Health Organization
(WHO), anemia is a main public health problem and display of poor nutrition
and health, which is at its peak in South-East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean
and African Regions. Study in past exposed that frequency of anemia was
extremely larger in young girls so extra researches, features answerable for
anemia in young females and public health interferences are required to avert
it. Anemia has been familiar as a public-health problem for several years,
there has been slight growth towards progress and the global occurrence of
anemia residues excessively high. It has been assessed that everywhere two
billion people in the world are anemic, mostly in the lower-income countries of
Africa and Asia. In Bangladesh, anemia is common amongst all age-groups,
 and both sexes are affected, especially girls. Anemia in India mainly follows
due to iron lack and is the most extensive nutritional lack disorder in the
country today. According to National Family Health Survey (NFHS)–III data,
over 55% of both adolescent girls are anemic. Adolescent girls in specific are
more susceptible to anemia due to quick development of the body and loss of
blood during menstruation. According to NFHS-III, practically 56% of
adolescent girls aged 15–19 years undergo from some form of anemia. More
than 39% adolescent girls (15–19 years) are slightly anemic, while 15% and
2% undergo from reasonable and severe anemia, individually. According to
the World Health Organization (WHO), incidence of anemia informed the
frequency of anemia in India to be between 46% to 88% showing a vast
variety due to non-uniform hemoglobin estimate methods. Very few studies
have accepted the standard methods for approximation of hemoglobin, thus
calling for an unchanging standardized likely study of general population
comprising susceptible subcategories. It is expected that half a billion women
of reproductive age universal are precious by anemia causing almost twenty
percent maternal death straight. Thus accentuating the need to address this
difficult in order to confirm health and security of women of child attitude age
particularly of adolescent girls (the future mothers). Statistical Analysis
Statistical analysis was done by using the program statistical package for
social sciences (SPSS) for window version 21. Expressive were styled in
terms of Mean± SD for unceasing variables, and frequencies and percentages
for qualitative variables. Ordinariness of data was checked by Shapiro-Wilk’s
test and Levene’s test. After the expectations were fulfilled parametric tests
Self-determining sample t test and one-way examination of modification
(ANOVA) were used for contrast of incomes of study variables (Hb, weight,
height, BMI). Post hoc Tuckey’s was applied for multiple judgements
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Statistical analysis was done by using the program statistical package for
social sciences (SPSS) for window version 21. Expressive were styled in
terms of Mean± SD for unceasing variables, and frequencies and percentages
for qualitative variables. Ordinariness of data was checked by Shapiro-Wilk’s
test and Levene’s test. After the expectations were fulfilled parametric tests
Self-determining sample t test and one-way examination of modification
(ANOVA) were used for contrast of incomes of study variables (Hb, weight,
height, BMI). Post hoc Tuckey’s was applied for multiple judgements Statistics
age Occupation Education N Valid 50 50 50 Missing 2 2 2 Age Frequency
Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 10-15 14 26.9 28.0 28.0 16-
20 36 69.2 72.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52
100.0 The above table and graph number 1 show that age of the participant in
which 10-15 year participant were 14 and 16 – 20 agre participants were 36
Occupation Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid
student 42 80.8 84.0 84.0 Housewife 6 11.5 12.0 96.0 Others 2 3.8 4.0 100.0
Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 The above table and
graph number 2 show that occupation of the participant in which student 42,
housewife 6 and participants were 2. Education Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Primary 5 9.6 10.0 10.0 Middle 9 17.3 18.0
28.0 Matric 13 25.0 26.0 54.0 Intermediate 12 23.1 24.0 78.0 Graduation 8
15.4 16.0 94.0 Uneducated 3 5.8 6.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing
System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 The above table and graph number 3 show that
education of the participant in which primary education 5, middle education 9,
intermediate 12, graduation 8 and uneducated participant were 3. Statistics
What is your source of information You know anemia is health problem In
anemia there is? You know what are the Nutrient deficient in anemia What are
the causes of anemia N Valid 50 50 50 50 50 Missing 2 2 2 2 2 What is
source of information Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid School teacher 27 51.9 54.0 54.0 Doctor/health personal 5 9.6 10.0 64.0
Family members 18 34.6 36.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2
3.8 Total 52 100.0 anemia is health problem Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent Valid yes 44 84.6 88.0 88.0 no 6 11.5 12.0 100.0 Total 50
96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 In anemia there is?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
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In anemia there is? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Decreased hemoglobin 34 65.4 68.0 68.0 Don’t know 16 30.8 32.0
100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 You know
what are the Nutrient deficient in anemia Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent Valid Iodine 1 1.9 2.0 2.0 Iron 35 67.3 70.0 72.0 dont
know 14 26.9 28.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52
100.0 What are the causes of anemia Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent Valid Poor diet 49 94.2 98.0 98.0 Excessive bleeding 1
1.9 2.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0
Statistics What are signs and symptoms of anemia What are the effects of
anemia You know what are preventive measures of anemia You know what
are Iron-rich food Factors ( tea, coffee) inhibit iron absorption N Valid 50 50 50
50 50 Missing 2 2 2 2 2 What are signs and symptoms of anemia Frequency
Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Tiredness/body weakness 20
38.5 40.0 40.0 Irregular menstrual cycle 2 3.8 4.0 44.0 Impact learning
process 22 42.3 44.0 88.0 Don’t know 6 11.5 12.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0
Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 What are the effects of anemia
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Impact on growth
and development 15 28.8 30.0 30.0 Impact on learning 1 1.9 2.0 32.0
Decreased wok capacity 28 53.8 56.0 88.0 Don’t know 6 11.5 12.0 100.0
Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 You know what are
preventive measures of anemia Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid Consuming iron-rich food 26 50.0 52.0 52.0 Don’t know 24 46.2
48.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 You
know what are Iron-rich food Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid Green leafy vegetables 6 11.5 12.0 12.0 Sprouted pulses 1 1.9
2.0 14.0 Meat, poultry 26 50.0 52.0 66.0 Don’t know 17 32.7 34.0 100.0 Total
50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 Factors ( tea, coffee)
inhibit iron absorption Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Yes 40 76.9 80.0 80.0 No 10 19.2 20.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0
Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 You know vitamin C enhances iron
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid yes 34 65.4 68.0
68.0 no 16 30.8 32.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52
100.0 Statistics Are You taking Inclusion of iron-rich food in daily diet You
know iron needs of adolescents are different You know IFA tablet prevents
 anemia Had checked hemoglobin before knowing anemia status Had taken
Albendazole tablets N Valid 50 50 50 50 50 Missing 2 2 2 2 2 Are You taking
Inclusion of iron-rich food in daily diet Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent Valid yes 37 71.2 74.0 74.0 no 13 25.0 26.0 100.0 Total
50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 You know iron needs of
adolescents are different Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent Valid Yes 35 67.3 70.0 70.0 no 15 28.8 30.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2
100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 You know IFA tablet prevents
anemia Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid yes 28
53.8 56.0 56.0 no 22 42.3 44.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2
3.8 Total 52 100.0 Had checked hemoglobin before knowing anemia status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid yes 14 26.9 28.0
28.0 no 36 69.2 72.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52
100.0 Had taken Albendazole tablets Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent Valid yes 4 7.7 8.0 8.0 no 46 88.5 92.0 100.0 Total 50
96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 Statistics If yes, frequency of
Albendazole consumption Frequency of iron-rich food consumption N Valid 50
50 Missing 2 2 If yes, frequency of Albendazole consumption Frequency
Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Once yearly 3 5.8 6.0 6.0
Twice yearly 1 1.9 2.0 8.0 dont know 46 88.5 92.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0
Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0 Frequency of iron-rich food consumption
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 4–5 times in a
week 1 1.9 2.0 2.0 Two times in a week 35 67.3 70.0 72.0 Once in a week 14
26.9 28.0 100.0 Total 50 96.2 100.0 Missing System 2 3.8 Total 52 100.0
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Discussion Anemia is the main health issue worldwide Extraordinary
Prevalence of anemia amongst the young females is upsetting due to its
significances on the health and production. Short Health status of young girls
reproduces gender judgements exact from their birth in our society.
Unbalanced spreading of health possessions within household and society is
the important cause of nourishing anemia among the females. According to
WHO greatest communal cause of anemia is iron lack anemia. Iron plays a
essential role in erythropoiesis. Long term negative iron equilibrium due to
inadequate nutritional iron eating or poor bioavailability, improved supplies for
iron during growth and increased iron harms consequential from menstruation
and worm infiltrations are causal factors Suggestions Young girls of age 10-20
years are more disposed to to contract nutritional anemia. Routine
examination and hemoglobin approximation should be complete regularly for
the showing of anemia. Protective programs and policies of the government
can objective this age group to decrease incidence of anemia. WHO plans for
prevention and control of anemia should be applied at government and
organizational level to decrease its prevalence. Conclusion: This project was
based on the knowledge of people of Community Ali Raza Abad about
Anemia. All the people of Community give me a good and appropriate
response even though they have a very little knowledge about Anemia. This
project gives them knowledge about Anemia, Types of Anemia, Sign and
Symptoms. Cause, complication, and prevention of Anemia. Over all I assess
that Community do not have enough Knowledge about Anemia.
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