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    The document traces the development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers to modern scientists. Democritus and Aristotle proposed early ideas about atoms in the 400s BC, though they lacked experimental evidence. In 1808, John Dalton established the first modern atomic theory, proposing that atoms are indivisible and combine in simple whole number ratios. Later scientists like J.J. Thomson, Robert Millikan, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr contributed experimental evidence that refined models of atomic structure. Their work established atoms as the fundamental units of matter and revealed the inner structure of the atom, including discovery of the nucleus and electron orbitals.

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    The document traces the development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers to modern scientists. Democritus and Aristotle proposed early ideas about atoms in the 400s BC, though they lacked experimental evidence. In 1808, John Dalton established the first modern atomic theory, proposing that atoms are indivisible and combine in simple whole number ratios. Later scientists like J.J. Thomson, Robert Millikan, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr contributed experimental evidence that refined models of atomic structure. Their work established atoms as the fundamental units of matter and revealed the inner structure of the atom, including discovery of the nucleus and electron orbitals.

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    70 views6 pages

    Timeline

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    The document traces the development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers to modern scientists. Democritus and Aristotle proposed early ideas about atoms in the 400s BC, though they lacked experimental evidence. In 1808, John Dalton established the first modern atomic theory, proposing that atoms are indivisible and combine in simple whole number ratios. Later scientists like J.J. Thomson, Robert Millikan, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr contributed experimental evidence that refined models of atomic structure. Their work established atoms as the fundamental units of matter and revealed the inner structure of the atom, including discovery of the nucleus and electron orbitals.

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    of 6

    1/28/2019 Atomic Theory | Sutori

    PM Patrick Miller

    Atomic Theory

     The development of the atomic theory

    [400 BC ]

    Democritus

    https://www.sutori.com/story/atomic-theory--s1Z6dA5Fojtu5gZ1xQQJc44s 1/6
    1/28/2019 Atomic Theory | Sutori

    https://www.flickr.com/photos/13868867@N06/6016747966/

    – Idea that matter consists of indivisible particles


    – Nature’s basic particle – atom – Greek meaning indivisible

    [384-322]

    https://www.sutori.com/story/atomic-theory--s1Z6dA5Fojtu5gZ1xQQJc44s 2/6
    1/28/2019 Atomic Theory | Sutori

    Aristotle

    – Did not believe in atoms – thought matter was continuous 


    – Accepted for 2000 yrs. 

    Both individuals based ideas on opinions with no experimental evidence

    [1808]

    John Dalton

    1)   All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.


    2)   Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties. Atoms of different elements differ in these
    properties
    3)   Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed
    4)   Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds
    5)   In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged

    [1897]

    John Thomson

    Calculated the ratio of the charge of the particles to the mass of the particles in the cathode ray

    Ratio was the same with every type of metal used in the cathode and anode

    Ratio stayed the same when different types of gases are used

    https://www.sutori.com/story/atomic-theory--s1Z6dA5Fojtu5gZ1xQQJc44s 3/6
    1/28/2019 Atomic Theory | Sutori

    [1909 ]

    Robert Millikan

    Measured the charge of the electron – 1/2000 


    Plum pudding model (Thomson)

    Electrons are embedded within the positively-charged material

    Positive region was thought to contain most of the mass

    [ 1911]

    Ernest Rutherford

    Gold foil experiment – alpha particles (4 x H), gold, & detection grid

    Expected the beam to pass through the gold foil

    Discovered 1 in 8000 deflected backwards

    Discovered the bundles (nucleus) is extremely small compared to the size

    [ 1913 ]

    Niels Bohr

    https://www.sutori.com/story/atomic-theory--s1Z6dA5Fojtu5gZ1xQQJc44s 4/6
    1/28/2019 Atomic Theory | Sutori

    – provided a new model of the atom

    Hydrogen atom – electron in an atom can only circle the nucleus in certain paths (orbits)

    Orbits – determined by the energy of the atom


    Lowest orbit is the ground state --- electron can not move any closer to the nucleus

    If electron enters an orbit farther from the nucleus – atom gains energy

    The Atom Song

    https://www.sutori.com/story/atomic-theory--s1Z6dA5Fojtu5gZ1xQQJc44s 5/6
    1/28/2019 Atomic Theory | Sutori

    The history of the atom has changed dramatically during the last century. As new evidence is obtained through experimentation,
    the atomic theory is adjusted to convey this evidence.  

    J.L. Sarquis, Sarquis M., 2012, Holt McDougal, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, pg 1-735.
    Image obtained from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/13868867@N06/6016747966/
    Video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPbR30pWkqE

    https://www.sutori.com/story/atomic-theory--s1Z6dA5Fojtu5gZ1xQQJc44s 6/6

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