BRAINGATE

“TO TURN THOUGHTS INTO ACTION”

 Introduction

 Brain Gate is a developing technology design devices

to help those who have lost control of their limbs, or
other bodily function.
 Brain Gate was developed by the bio-tech company
Cyber kinetics in 2003.
 It consists of electrode chip, implanted into the brain
which monitors brain activity in patient and convert
the intentions of user into computer commands.
 This can be used to control robotic arms and cursor
on screen
 Objectives

 The goal of the Brain Gate program is to develop a

fast and reliable connection between the brain of a
severely disabled person and a personal computer
 The ‘Brain-Gate’ device can provide paralysed or
motor-impaired patients a mode of communication
through the translation of thought into direct
computer control
 The first to allow a human to control his surrounding
environment using his mind.
 Brain Computer Interface

 A Brain Computer Interface, called as direct neural

interface or brain machine interface is a direct
communication pathway between human or animal brain
and an external device.
 This technology is based on to sense, transmit,analyze
the language of neurons and translate it in computer
commands.
 Based on the communicative Pathway BCI is classified as
follows
 One Way BCI

 Two Way BCI

 Brain Gate Researches on Animals

 At first, rats were implanted

with BCI.
 Signals recorded from cerebral
cortex of rat to operate BCI to
carry out the movement.
 Researchers at the university of
Pittsburgh had demonstrated on
a monkey that can feed itself
with a robotic arm simply by
using signals from its brain.
 IT WORKED!!!
 HOW DOES THE BRAIN CONTROL MOTOR
FUNCTION?
 The brain is "hardwired" with
connections, which are made by
billions of neurons that make
electricity whenever they are
stimulated.
 Motor neurons carry signals from the
central nervous system to the muscles,
skin and glands of the body, while
sensory neurons carry signals from
those outer parts of the body to the
central nervous system.
 The part of the brain that controls
motor skills is located at the ear of the
frontal lobe.
 How does it work ?

 In paralyzed person, The brain still makes neural

signals but they're just not being sent to the arms,
hands and legs.
 A technique called neurofeedback uses connecting
sensors on the scalp to translate brain waves into
information a person can learn from.
 The sensors register different frequencies of the
signals produced in the brain. These changes in brain
wave patterns indicate whether someone is
concentrating or suppressing his impulses, or
whether he is relaxed or tense.
 Flow of System

Signal by
1)Neuro chip
Neurochip
 Currently the chip uses 100 hair-thin spins like
structures which are implanted in specific areas
of the brain, for example, the area that controls Preprocessing
arm movement.

Detection

Control

Bio Feedback
 Flow of structure
2)PREPROCESSING:
remove unnecessary frequency bands, averaging the current brain
activity level, transforming the measured scalp potentials
3)DETECTION:
detection of the input from the user and them translating it into an
action.
4)CONTROL:
apply the will of the user to the used application.
5)TRAINING:
make user familiar with the device.
6)BIO FEEDBACK:
biological information which is returned to the source that created it, so
that source can understand it and have control over it.
 Advantages

 Controlling remote devices

 Making and receiving
telephone calls
 Accessing the internet.
 Control robotic arm
 Watch and control television
& Use the pc
 Locking or unlocking doors
 Motorized wheelchair
 Turn on or off the lights
 Disadvantages

 Expensive
 Risky Surgery
 Not Wireless yet
 Bulky structure
 Difficulty in adaptation and learning.
 Limitation in information transform rate. The latest
technology is 20 bits/min.
 Applications

 Provide disabled people with communication, environment ,

control, and movement restoration.
 Provide enhanced control of devices such as wheelchairs
& assistance robots for people with disabilities
For Eg. Matthew Nagle, a 25- year-old
with a severe spinal cord injury,unable
to move his arms and legs. After
experiment , Nagle learned to open
simulated e-mail, draw circular shapes
using a paint program on the computer
and play a simple videogame.
 Future Scope

 Enable users to perform a wide variety of daily activities

without assistances of technician.
 Smaller ,wireless device.
 Cyber kinetics is also developing products to allow for
robotic control, such as a thought-controlled wheelchair.
Next generation products may be able to provide an
individual with the ability to control devices that allow
breathing, bladder and bowel movements.
 Control robots that function in dangerous or inhospitable
situations.
 Conclusion

 The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in

medical field. The remarkable breakthrough offers
hope that people who are paralyzed will one day be
able to independently operate artificial limbs,
computers or wheelchairs.
 The idea of moving robots or prosthetic devices not
by manual control, but by mere “thinking” (i.e., the
brain activity of human subjects) has been a
fascinated approach