MAYO

2012

MATERIAL AICLE
FÍSICA Y QUIMICA- INGLÉS 4º ESO

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
(Teacher’s Key)

Mª Dolores Martínez Jiménez

IES AZ-ZAIT
JAÉN
 A.1. WORDSEARCH

N J L N T R L A T F C T P D M
A O Y A A S U D S L M N R U M
T U I L V N U T G O V E O T C ARROW
B X O T C O N O L O S I D H H ATOM
H M T V A A I E R Y R C U T J ATOMIC
COEFFICIENT
Z A W Z T V C S J P W I C I P CONSERVATION
V A A C T U R A I Y O F T L F LAVOISIER
S V A N L P C E E E R F S A J LAW
MASS
S E H E A T O M S I R E Y W A MOLAR
R C I M O T A P A N A O W X P MOLECULAR
MOLECULE
M O L E C U L A R S O C P V L PRODUCTS
A L F W I U P Q L T S C H G R PROUST
REACTANTS
C J X P Z B Z C M R Z U T K Q
K D O K W Y Z X D X W B S M N
Z B X W Q R U M F V X R F E D

A.2. LISTENING
Chemical change always implicates the conversion of
pure substances (elements and compounds) called
reactants into other pure substances called products
with different properties from the reactants.

One or more chemical changes that occur at the same time are called a chemical
reaction.
Chemical reactions can be represented using a chemical equation.
A chemical equation may be written in words or in chemical symbols
The reactants are written to the left of an arrow and the products are written to the
right.
The symbols for states of matter may be used to show whether each reactant or
product is solid, liquid, gas or aqueous.
carbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide

C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)

4º de ESO: Chemical reactions (Solucionario) 3

 A chemical change is a change in the arrangements and bonds between atoms and ions.

A chemical change can be very spectacular.

In a chemical change fumes may appear,
bubbling liquids and new colours.
Furthermore, Light and heat may be
produced, or energy may be consumed.
However, many chemical changes happen
very quietly and are not visible. For instance,
thousands of kinds of chemical changes
happen in the living creatures every day. In
your body, chemical changes help you digest
your food and supply the nutrients needed
by your body to grow and be active.

A.3. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 1. “A TRANSPARENT EGG”

Result
Se produce reacción entre el ácido del vinagre (ácido acético) y el carbonato cálcico,
que constituye básicamente la estructura de la cáscara del huevo.
Se produce un burbujeo de dióxido de carbono.

PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 2. “THE COLOURS CHANGE”

Result
2 KI + Pb(NO3)2 → 2 KNO3 + PbI2 ↓(amarillo)

A.4. WATCHING AND LISTENING TO THIS VIDEO

Plantear una batería de preguntas cortas improvisadas tras la visualización del video.

4º de ESO: Chemical reactions (Solucionario) 4

 A.5. Antoine and Marie-Anne Lavoisier
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (also Antoine Lavoisier), the "father of modern
chemistry” was a French nobleman prominent in the history of chemistry and biology.
In 1783, the excellent chemist presented an experiment to the French Academy of
Sciences that surprised the scientific world. Lavoisier showed how he had been able to
separate water into two gases. He then recombined the two gases and ignited them
with a spark. The result was the formation of water. Recombining the two gases, which
he named hydrogen and oxygen, he had shown that water is not an element,
something unknown at the time.
This was not the first time these chemical reactions had been studied. However,
Lavoisier was the first person to correctly explain what was happening during the
reactions. His idea became the most important concept in chemistry since Dalton’s
suggestion that matter was made of atoms. The idea was that all chemical reactions
occur in such a way that the total mass of the substances involved never changes.
Lavoisier was helped by his wife Marie- Anne who studied chemistry, along with
English and Art. She became Lavoisier’s assistant and colleague. Antoine did not speak
English, only French, and Marie translated many of his writings into English. Also, they
worked together in their laboratory.
Antoine and Marie- Anne laboured together for 20 years to gather data that showed
that “the total mass of the products is always equal to the total mass of the reactants
in a chemical reaction” (Law of conservation of mass).

A.6. Questionnaire
Contestar al cuestionario una vez completado los huecos del texto (reading y speaking)

A.7. WATCHING AND LISTENING TO THIS VIDEO

Plantear una batería de preguntas cortas improvisadas tras la visualización del video.

A.8. READING CHECK

Refer to the following chemical equation to answer these questions: 4Li + O2 → 2Li2O
1. Cuatro átomos de litio reaccionan con una molécula de oxígeno produciendo dos
moléculas de óxido de dilitio
2. La flecha
3. Ocho
4. Cinco

4º de ESO: Chemical reactions (Solucionario) 5

 A.9. THE BURNING OF FUELS AND THE OCEANS
Ocean water contains dissolved carbonate ions and calcium ions, and many animals
use these ions to build their shells (corals, clams, oysters make protective shells out of
calcium carbonate).

This process is under threat from the human

activity, not because of what we are doing
directly to the oceans but because of what we are doing to the air. The energy we use
comes mostly from burning coal and gasoline as fuels. The burning of these fuels adds
enormous amounts of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. This extra carbon dioxide is
absorbed by the oceans and this absorption has harmful effects.
The carbon dioxide gas which enters the ocean can react with water to form carbonic
acid (H2CO3). Part of the dissolved carbonate ions in the seawater, which are basic,
work to neutralize the excess carbonic acid and carbonate levels drop in the ocean.
With lower carbonate concentrations, the ability of sea creatures to make shells
decreases.
Also the pH of the ocean drops (making the sea water acidic) causing the coral reefs to
begin to dissolve (coral dissolves in acidic water).
Coral reefs are home to countless forms of sea life. If we do not control the problem of
extra carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, we could cause irreparable harm to
our oceans.

A.10. Questionnaire
Contestar al cuestionario una vez completado los huecos del texto (reading y speaking)

4º de ESO: Chemical reactions (Solucionario) 6

 A.11. PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1. HCl + KOH → KCl + H2O
2. 2 HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 → Mg(NO3)2 + 2 H2O
3. 2 HClO4 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(ClO4)2 + 2 H2O
4. H3PO4 + 3 CsOH →Cs3PO4 + 3 H2O
5. 3 H2CO3 + 2 Al(OH)3 →Al2(CO3)3 + 6 H2O

A.12. CRISS-CROSS PUZZLE

Across
4. ION
7. MOLE
9. NEUTRALIZATION
10. ARRHENIUS
11. ATOM

Down
1. PHENOLPHTHALEIN
2. DALTON
3. LAVOISIER
4. INDICATOR
5. MOLECULE
6. REACTANTS
8. BASE
11. ACID

4º de ESO: Chemical reactions (Solucionario) 7

 A.13. C-MAP
Una propuesta de mapa conceptual puede ser la siguiente:

CHANGES
Can be
BIOS
Chemical changes Physical changes

One or more chemical changes that occur at the same

time are called

Neutralization
Chemical reactions A type are
reactions

Can be representated using between

Chemical equations Acids and

nentre Bases

Substances of the first Reactants

member are
With two members

By using Substances of the Products

second member are

Coefficients Come true

The Law of Conservation of Mass

Is obtained a

Balanced chemical
equation

4º de ESO: Chemical reactions (Solucionario) 8