Determination of the electromotive force using the compensation method

Principle
The electromotive force source is a device that maintains the flow of charge carriers inside an
electrical circuit. Between the two terminals having different potentials , the charges flow from
the higher potential electrode towards the lower potential electrode until the potentials
become equal. In order to assure the continuous movement of the charges and an electric
current different that zero, it is necessary to provide work against the force of the electric field
between the electrodes. The physical quantity is called the electromotive force (emf), where E is the
electrodic field vector and the integral is considered on the closed circuit.

The forces have the purpose of overcoming the attraction of the electrons by the anode (positive
terminal of the emf source) and rejections of them by the cathode (negative terminal of the emf
source).

The emf is a base characteristic of a battery, being a virtual constant quantity. However the voltage
between the source terminals drops once the current increases, due to the internal resistance of the
source. The voltage inside the source U=I*r is lowering the terminal voltage.

The compensation method avoids the voltage loss inside the battery by annulment of current inside the
source.

Crt no t(°c) R(Ω) Ρ(Ω∙ 𝑚) t∙ 𝜌 𝑡∙𝑡 𝜌0 α

1 20 4.110
2 25 4.204
3 30
4 35
5 40
6 45
7 50
8 55
9 60
10 65