Inplant Training: Diploma in Civil Engineering Programme

Inplant Training Department of civil engineering
INPLANT TRAINING
PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITRD BY
AMRUTHA K K
DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAMME
IN
DEPART OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
LOGO
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE
(SRIRANGAPATTANA)
DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
BENGALURU-560001
YEAR OF SUBMISSION
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 1

A Project Report
On
INPLANT TRAINING
Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
Of
DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINNERING
IN
DIPLOMA CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAMME
BY
BATCH
Ms. Amrutha K K (157CE16003)
Ms. Anusha D S (157CE16004)
Mr. Chandan K S (157CE16011)
Ms. Pooja N M (157CE16036)
Mr. Prasanna M R (157CE16040)
Mr. Shivaprasad H S (157CE16051)
Mr. Sukhesh M K (157CE16056)
Under the guidance of
Department of civil engineering

Government polytechnic
Arakere (Shrirangapattana)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express our sincere regard to GOVERNMENT

POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE (SHRIRANGAPATTANA) for giving
permission to attend the training
We keep our sincere regard and gratitude to our principal SRI

CHANDRAPPA. M GOVT. POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE
(SHRIRANGAPATTANA) for giving permission to attend the training
We keep our sincere regard and gratitude to SRI NARASNAYAK

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT AND OUR LECTURERS OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING GOVT. POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE
(SHRIRANGAPATTANA) for supporting and for their guidance.
We heart fully thank and keep our sincere regard and gratitude to
proprietor MRS. K H BHAVYA, PLANT MANAGER
MR.RAVICHANDRA GOWDA, QUALITY CONTROL HEAD MR. T
J HARISH OF ASHIRVAD COMMIX, BEHIND INFOSYS,
BASTIPURA ROAD, HEBBAL INDUSTRIAL AREA, MYSORE, for
allowing us in their company and teaching about their work and for their
support, concern and encouragement
Thanking all who offered very good valuable guidance and all kind
of support in accomplishing this implant training
We thankful to everyone who has extended there co-operation directly or
indirectly in completing successfully
BY:-

ASHIRWAD CONMIX
Survey NO.29/P2, behind Infosys, Basthipura Road Hebbal Industrial Area, Mysore
Mob. No:7624977172,7624977173&7624977176
Email:-ashirwadconmix@gmail.com.
I.INTRODUCTION :-
Ashirwad conmix was Established 7th October – 2016
We have fully Computerized and automated Batching plant (30 m3 per hour)
manufactured by conmat. The Important Criteria kept in view while designing the concrete
mix are, strength, durability and workability of concrete.
II.EQUIPMENTS :-
• Concrete Batching Plant (30 m3 per hour) with auto control.
• 2 Numbers of concrete pump.
• 15 Numbers of Transit Millar.
• One Numbers of JCB.
• 2 Numbers of Camper.

• 4 Numbers of 4 Wheel vehicle.
• One Numbers of diesel tanker.
• 10 Numbers of Raw material setting tipper.
• One Numbers of Weigh Bridge (80 ton capacity).
III. TECHNICAL DATA:-

CEMENT: -Used Ordinary Portland cement of ACC, Ultratech and Dalmia.
AGGREGATE:
 Fine Aggregate:- For plain & Reinforced cement concrete works, fine
aggregates shell consist of clean , hard, strong, dense, durable and free from veins
and adherent coating and other deleterious substances. They shall not contain
dust, lumps, soft or flaky materials, mica or other deleterious materials in such
quantities as to reduce the strength and durability if concrete, or to attack the steel
reinforcement.
 Coarse Aggregate:- For plain & Reinforced cement concrete works, coarse
aggregates shell consist of clean , hard, strong, dense and durable of crushed
stone approved material. They shall not contain pieces of disintegrated stones,
soft, flaky, elongated particles, salt, alkali, vegetable matter or other deleterious
materials in such quantities as to reduce the strength and durability if concrete, or
to attack the steel reinforcement.
ADMIXTURE:- Ecmas HP 890U of M/S Ecmas Construction Chemical Pvt. LTD.

Materials Source of Specific Gravity Water Absorptions

materials
Ashirwad stone
20mm crusher & Baby 2.65 0.2%
M quarry.
12mm A do 2.65 0.3%
M.Sand do 2.60 3.4%

MATERIAL STOCK YARD:-
20mm and 12mm coarse aggregate
M sand

IV.SUPPLY LIST OF MAJOR PROJECTS.

• DRS Infrastructure PVT LTD. ( Vijayanagar )
• Pochampad Construction PVT LTD. ( Saraswathipuram).
• P. G. Shetti Construction pvt ltd .( in Karnataka).
• North Line Construction pvt ltd (Kushalnagar ).
• KNY Project PVT LTD, ( HPCL).
• Fab-tech / Hpcl (HPCL Mysore ).
• Basalingudi construction PVT LTD, ( HPCL).
• RMN Construction PVT LTD ( RBI Mysore) Ayyappa construction.
• PWD Road Work in mysore, nanjangud, Malawalli, Chamarajnagar, Kollegala,

Madikeri and Mandya.
• K R Nagar Mini Vidhanswada.
• H.D Kote Murarji desaye school.
• Domestic Houses in mysore, Mandya, Hunsore, K R nagar Ect.
V.ADVANTAGES OF USE OF RMC

Ready Mix concrete plant being on site Concrete Mixing plant enables precision of
the mixture and reduces work site confusion before concrete was prepared manually but
it is being prepared using Computer controlled operation which is know as ready mix
concrete plant having many Advantages some of these are given below:-
 Facilitates speedly construction through programmed delivery at site mechanized

operation with consequent economy
 The RMC plant decrease helper, site supervising cost & project time. it also help
in proper control and economy over the row material.
 As the ready mix concrete plant is totally computerized, it guaranty the delivery
of consistent ready mix concrete
 The concrete mixed in ready mix concrete plant is not only consistent but
accurate in quality and manufacture as per the proportion of water and other material
specified.

 The RMC plant minimized the cement wastage as it Manufacture concrete in

bulk quantity.
 The RMC concrete plant is a centrally located factory on site and so can
maintain dust free atmosphere which prevents pollution.
VI. Batching Plant

1. Batch mix gives a uniform mix and good quality of concrete.
2. The ingredients shall be mixed in a power driven batch mixer with hopper and suitable
weigh batching arrangement mix plant.
3. RMC mix Concrete fully automated with computer (PLC) Control.
4. Plant shall be calibrated every three month once for accurate quantity of Concrete
production.

VII.WEIGH BRIDGE:-
 We are having Weigh Bridge with capacity of 80 Tons which is approved by the
Govt. Department.
 Every vehicle of Row material & concrete TM are weighed to deliver the accurate
Quantity of material to the customer.

VIII. QA & QC Laboratory.

Ashirwad Conmix Plant Provide fully furnished and adequately equipped
laboratory. The laboratory shall preferably be located adjacent to the site office of the
engineer and provide with amenities like water supply, electric supply ECT. The
laboratory shall include space for the storage of samples, equipment, laboratory tables
and a curing tank for the curing of samples, around 4m X 2m X 1m in size. In this
laboratory have all equipment’s related to concrete works. Materials & concrete mix
designs are approved from Civil-Aid (BUREAU VERITAS INDIA Pvt. Ltd).

CONCLUSION AND REFERENCE

1 IS:10262-2009 Concrete mix proportioning – Guidelines (First Revision)
2 SP:23(S&T)-1982 Handbook on concrete mixes
3 IS:456-2000 Code of practice for plain & Reinforced concrete.(Fourth

Revision)
(Reaffirmed 2011)
4 IS:516-1956 Method of test for strength of concrete.
(reaffirmed 2013)
5 IS:383-2016 Coarse and Fine aggregate for concrete.(Third Revision)
6 IS:1199-1959 Methods of Sampling and Analysis of concrete.
(Reaffirmed 2013)
7 IS:4926-2003 Ready-Mixed Concrete - Code of Practice.
(Reaffirmed 2012)
8 IS:8112 For OPC 43 grade cement.
9 IS:12269 For OPC 53 grade cement

TEST PROCEDURE

TESTS ON CEMENT

Determination Of Fineness Of Cement

(By Dry Sieving Method)
( Is : 4031[Part 1])
Procedure:
 Take 400gm cement on a white porcelain plate.

 Sieve it through a 90µ IS sieve with sieve shaker for five minutes; sieving should
also be done manually for a period of fifteen minutes.
 After sieving , take weight of cement samples and repeat the above process.
 Find the percentage of weight retained.
 Take another two cement samples and repeat the above process.
 Find average percentage of weight retained and note it.
 It should not be greater than 10%.

DETERMINATION OF NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF

CEMENT
(IS : 4031 [Part 4])

Procedure:
 Weigh 300gm of cement and place it on a glass plate mix with water starting from
25% and prepare a paste.
 Fill the paste in vicat’s mould without forming any air bubbles and strike off the
excess paste.
 Place and fill mould under the plunger of vicat apparatus. Lower the plunger gently
to touch the surface of the test block and quickly release.
 Note the reading of penetration when the plunger stops penetrating.
 Repeat the test with increased percentage of water till the plunger penetrates to a
point 5 to 7 mm from the bottom of the mould.
 The percentage of water corresponding to that particular penetration, gives the

normal consistency of cement.

DETERMINATION OF INITIAL AND FINAL SETTING

TIME OF CEMENT
(IS: 4031 [Part 5])
Procedure:
Initial Setting Time:
 Prepare a cement paste with water equal to 0.85 P (P=normal consistency of

cement); start the stop watch at the time of adding water to the cement.
 Fill the paste in the vacate mould and smooth off the surface.
 Place the mould under the rod of vicat apparatus bearing the needle. Lower the
needle gently to bring it in contact with the surface of the mould , and quickly
release.
 Note down of the penetration of needle.
 Repeat the procedure of penetration un till the needle fails yo penetrate beyond a
point, 5 +/- 0.5 mm from the bottom of the mould.

The time period lapsed, between instant at which water is added to the cement to the
time at which the needle gives the specific penetration, gives the initial setting time of
the cement.
Final setting time
 Replace the needle of vacate apparatus with the angular attachment.
 Lower the angular attachment to the surface of the test block and gently release.
 Repeat the procedure un till the needle makes an impression on the surface of the
mould, while the angular attachment fails to do so.
 Note down the time elapsed, between the instant at which water is added to the
cement to the end point specified, which gives the final setting time of the cement

TEST ON GRADE OF CEMENT (MORTARCUBE)
(IS: 4031[PART-6])
Procedure:
 Place 200 gm of cement and 600 gm of standard on a non porous plate; mix it dry for one
minute.
 Add a quantity of water equal to (p/4+3.0)% of combined mass of cement (P= normal
consistency of cement) and thoroughly mix until a uniform colour mixture is obtained.
 Cover the joint between the halves of the moulds with a thin film of petroleum jelly and
apply a similar coating between the bottom of the mould and base plate.
 Place the assembled mould on the table of vibration machine and hold in position by the
clamp. Attach the hopper of the mortar cube vibrator at the top of the mould.
 Immediately after mixing the mortar, place it in the cube mould and prod it with the rod
20 times in 8 seconds.

 Place the remaining mortar in the hopper kept above the mould and prod it again as
specified above.
 Compact the mould by vibration, the period of vibration being two minutes, at a speed of
12000+/-400 vibrations per minute.
 At the end of vibration, remove the mould with base plate from vibrating machine; finish
the top surface of the mould using the trowel.
 Keep the filled moulds in a moist closet maintained at 27o+/-2o and a relative humidity of
not less than 90% for 24 hours.
 After that period, remove the specimen from the mould and submerge in clean, fresh
water till it is taken out, just prior to the test.
 Test the cubes on their sides without any packing between the cubes and the steel plates
of the testing machine; Apply the load uniformly at the rate of 35 N/mm/min,till failure
of cube occurs. Note down the load applied at failures.


AGGREGATE TEST REPORT
GRADING ANALYSIS OF FINE AGGREGATE
(BY SIEVE ANALYSIS)
[IS:383 (1970)]

PROCEDURE
 Take 1000g of dried fine aggregate from the given sample

 Sieves are cleaned and arranged in descending order 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm,
600 µ, 300 µ, 150 µ and pan.
 Screw tightly the sieves
 If manual operation sieve will be shaking at least 15minutes
 Stop shaking and weigh the material retained on each sieve on a balance sensitive
to 0.1% of the weight retained on each sieve.
 Obtain cumulative percentage weight retained on each sieves.
 Add all these percentages and divide the total by 100 the resulting figure is
fineness modulus of given fine aggregate.
GRADING ANALYSIS OF COARSE AGGREGATE
(BY SIEVE ANALYSIS)
[IS:383 (1970)]

Procedure
 Take 2000gm of dried coarse aggregate from the given sample

 Sieves are cleaned and arranged in descending order 40mm, 20mm, 10mm,
4.75mm and pan.
 Stop shaking and weigh the material retained on each sieve on a balance
sensitive to 0.1% of the weight retained on each sieve.
fineness modulus of given coarse aggregate


SIEVE ANALYSIS REPORT OF ALL-IN-AGGREGATE
(As per IS 383:2016)
Procedure
 Take 10000gm of dried fine and coarse aggregate from the given sample
 Sieves are cleaned and arranged in descending order 40.0mm, 20.0mm, 4.75mm,
600 µ, 150 µ and pan.
 Stop shaking and weigh the material retained on each sieve on a balance
sensitive to 0.1% of the weight retained on each sieve.
fineness modulus of given fine aggregate.

DETERMINATION OF WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE

(SLUMP TEST)
(IS: 1199)
Procedure:
 Clean the internal surface of the mould thoroughly.
 Fill the concrete sample in the mould in 4 layers each layer approximately 1/4 of the
height of the mould.
 Tamp each layer 25 times by tamping rod.
 When the mould is filled, cut off the excess concrete to the level of the top of the
cone.
 Immediately remove the mould by raising it slowly in vertical direction allowing the
concrete to subside.
 Place the mould by the side of subsided concrete.
 Measure the difference in level between the height of the mould and the highest point
of the concrete, in mm, and record it as slump.
 Inspect the type of slump and record it.

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE CUBES
(IS: 516)
Procedure:
 Fill the mould with freshly mixed concrete in 3 equal layers. Compact it with tamping
bar giving 35 blows on each layer uniformly and finally level off with the trowel.
Mark the date of casting, cube no, and the identification of member.
 Keep the specimen in moist air of at least 90% relative humidity and at a temperature
of 27 plus or minus 2 degree Celsius for 24 hours. Alternatively cover the moulds
with wet gunny bags.
 After specified time period is over, remove the specimen from the mould and
submerge it in clean fresh water, maintained at a temperature of 27 plus or minus 2
degree Celsius till the cube is ready for test.
 Take out the cube after for 3, 7, 14, 28, days as required and wipe off the surface
water with cloth.
 Note down the dimensions and weigh the cube and then place it in the compression
testing machine such that the four corners are enclosed with in the circle of the rim.

 Apply the load on the cube at the rate of 130 to 140 kg/sq cm/min. Till it fails. Record
the maximum load applied.
 The compressive strength is calculated in N/mm^2 by dividing the maximum load

taken in Newton by the cross sectional area of the cube calculated from the mean
dimension of the area of the cube calculated from the mean dimension of the section.
 Inspect the type of failure and record it.


IMPACT TEST ON AGGREGATE
(IS: 2386 [PART 4])

Procedure:
 Fill the aggregate passing through 12.5 mm IS sieve and retained on 10 mm sieve in the
cylindrical measure in 3 layers by tamping each layers with 25 blows. Determine the net
weight of aggregate in the measure.
 Transfer the sample from the measures to the cup of the aggregate impact test machine
and compact it by tamping 25 times.

 Raise the hammer to height of 38 cm above the upper surface of the aggregate in the cup
and allow it to fall freely on the specimen.
 After subjecting the test specimen to 15 bows, sieve the crushed aggregate on IS 2.36
mm sieve.
 Weigh the fraction passing through IS 2.36mm sieve.
 Aggregate impact value = (Weight of fraction passing 2.36mm/Weight of total sample

taken) *100
 Test Apparatus Data
Dia of hammer = 100mm
Weight of Hammer = 13.5-14.0kg
Free Fall = 380mm +/- 5mm
Cylindrical Steel Cup of internal dimension:
Diameter = 102mm
Depth = 50 mm
Cylindrical measuring of internal dimensions:
Diameter = 75mm
Depth = 50mm

SITE VISITING

Site :- Kaveri Grameena Bank,
Main Branch, Mysore
Introduction
A slab is structural element whose thickness is small compared to its own length
and width. Slabs are usually used in floor and roof construction. According to the way
loads are transferred to supporting beams and columns, slabs are classified into two
types; one-way and two-way.
One-way slabs:
When the ratio of the longer to the shorter side (L/ S) of the slab is at least equal
to 2.0, it is called one-way slab, shown in Figure 8.1.a. Under the action of loads, it is
deflected in the short direction only, in a cylindrical form. Therefore, main
reinforcement is placed in the shorter direction, while the longer direction is provided
with shrinkage reinforcement to limit cracking, as shown in Figure 8.1.b. When the slab
is supported on two sides only, the load will be transferred to these sides regardless of
its longer span to shorter span ratio, and it will be classified as one-way slab.
Two way slab
Two-way Slabs: When the ratio (L/ S) is less than 2.0, it is called two-way slab,
shown in Figure 8.2. Bending will take place in the two directions in a dish-like form.
Accordingly, main reinforcement is required in the two directions.
Kaveri grameena bank
Slab details
Thickness of slab – 125mm
Spacing 230 mm
Diameter of bar -12mm
Over lapping length – 50 times of dia


CEMENT CONCRETE ROAD
Site :- Kumarabeedu Near Bogadi, Mysore

Construction of rigid pavements
The construction of cement concrete road involves the following operation
a) Preparation of subgrade : A subgrade to receive the road slab is prepared to
required grade and profile in the usual manner. The profile is checked by scratch
templates. Unevenness concrete is to be placed directly on subgrade the surface
should saturated with water 6 to 20 hours in advance before placing the concrete
b) Provision of sub-base : when natural subgrade is not very firm, a sub-base over
the subgrade is required.

c) Placing of forms: concrete road slab is constructed between side forms. These
forms are made of mild steel channel sections in 3m length. The depth of form is
equal to the thickness of concrete pavement.
d) Batching of materials and mixing: the fine and course aggregates are properly
proportioned by weight in a weigh batching plant. Then they are fed into the
hopper along with necessary quantity of cement
Mixing of concrete mix is done in a batch mixture. Cement, sand and coarse
aggregates of a batch are fed into the mixer simultaneously. Water is added and
mixing is done for one and a half minute.
e) Transporting and placing of cement: a properly mixed concrete is carried and
deposited on subgrade or sub-base to the required depth and width of the
pavement section. While placing the concrete, it is roallded properly to avoid
voids.
When the reinforcement is specified, the concrete has to be placed two stages. In
first, the concrete is placed and compacted to the required depth according to
drawing and placing the reinforcement on the top of compacted concrete and
then remaining thickness of slab is filled in second stage
f) Compaction: after placing the concrete in position, compaction of road slab is
done by means of power driven machine. Upto 12.5cm thickness of slabs, screed
vibrators alone can be used, for grater thickness, screed vibrator with immersion
vibrator is used.

g) Floating: after compaction, the entire slab structure is floated longitudinally with
a wooden float board. The purpose of floating is to provide an even surface free
from corrugations, then unevenness of the surface is checked with a wooden
edge 3m long which should not be more than 3mm
h) Belting: after floating, the surface is further finished by belting just before the
concrete becomes hard. It consist of drawing 20cm wide canvas belt across the
pavement in short strokes to provide non-slippery and skid resistant surface
i) Brooming : after belting, brooming is done by drawing brushes at right angles to
the centre line of the road from edge to edge. It is done just before the concrete
becomes non-plastic
j) Edging : the edges of the slabs are carefully finished after brooming with an
edging tool before the concrete is finally set.
k) Curing : intial curing is done by proper spraying of water during hardening
period. This is started immediately after the concrete becomes non-plastic and
final curing is done after intial curing of 24 hours, by ponding or by using a
water-proof paper for 2-3weeks.
l) Filling of joints and edging : after curing, the structure is cleaned an washed.
Then the joints are properly filled-in with a suitable sealing compound
m) Opening to traffic : after attaining the required strength by concrete or after
28days of curing, the road is opened to traffics




Inplant Training: Diploma in Civil Engineering Programme

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Inplant Training: Diploma in Civil Engineering Programme

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Inplant Training Department of civil engineering

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 1

Under the guidance of

Department of civil engineering

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 2

I wish to express our sincere regard to GOVERNMENT

We keep our sincere regard and gratitude to our principal SRI

We keep our sincere regard and gratitude to SRI NARASNAYAK

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 3

• 2 Numbers of concrete pump.

• 15 Numbers of Transit Millar.

• One Numbers of JCB.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 4

• 4 Numbers of 4 Wheel vehicle.

• One Numbers of diesel tanker.

• 10 Numbers of Raw material setting tipper.

• One Numbers of Weigh Bridge (80 ton capacity).

III. TECHNICAL DATA:-

ADMIXTURE:- Ecmas HP 890U of M/S Ecmas Construction Chemical Pvt. LTD.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 5

Materials Source of Specific Gravity Water Absorptions

12mm A do 2.65 0.3%

M.Sand do 2.60 3.4%

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 6

MATERIAL STOCK YARD:-

20mm and 12mm coarse aggregate

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 7

IV.SUPPLY LIST OF MAJOR PROJECTS.

• Pochampad Construction PVT LTD. ( Saraswathipuram).

• P. G. Shetti Construction pvt ltd .( in Karnataka).

• North Line Construction pvt ltd (Kushalnagar ).

• KNY Project PVT LTD, ( HPCL).

• Fab-tech / Hpcl (HPCL Mysore ).

• Basalingudi construction PVT LTD, ( HPCL).

• RMN Construction PVT LTD ( RBI Mysore) Ayyappa construction.

• PWD Road Work in mysore, nanjangud, Malawalli, Chamarajnagar, Kollegala,

• K R Nagar Mini Vidhanswada.

• H.D Kote Murarji desaye school.

• Domestic Houses in mysore, Mandya, Hunsore, K R nagar Ect.

V.ADVANTAGES OF USE OF RMC

 Facilitates speedly construction through programmed delivery at site mechanized

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 8

 The RMC plant minimized the cement wastage as it Manufacture concrete in

VI. Batching Plant

3. RMC mix Concrete fully automated with computer (PLC) Control.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 9

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 10

VIII. QA & QC Laboratory.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 11

CONCLUSION AND REFERENCE

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 12

1 IS:10262-2009 Concrete mix proportioning – Guidelines (First Revision)

2 SP:23(S&T)-1982 Handbook on concrete mixes

3 IS:456-2000 Code of practice for plain & Reinforced concrete.(Fourth

4 IS:516-1956 Method of test for strength of concrete.

5 IS:383-2016 Coarse and Fine aggregate for concrete.(Third Revision)

6 IS:1199-1959 Methods of Sampling and Analysis of concrete.

7 IS:4926-2003 Ready-Mixed Concrete - Code of Practice.

8 IS:8112 For OPC 43 grade cement.

9 IS:12269 For OPC 53 grade cement

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 13

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ARAKERE Page 14