European Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)

Brown bears have a large global distribution which reflects their ability to adapt to a variety
of habitats. There are estimated to be more than 200,000 brown bears worldwide, with
approximately 6000 individuals in the Carpathian region of Romania. They are amongst the
largest living carnivores and can grow to an enormous size, males up to 350kg, and females to
200kg, with the biggest on record being caught in Romania weighing 480kg. Adult males
tend to be on average 8 to 10% larger than females. They have good hearing, an excellent
sense of smell and can live for up to 30 years.
Is the Carpathian ecosystem in good health?
Bears make great barometers of ecosystem health, stating "What's good for bears is good for
people". Given their dependence on large natural areas, it could also be viewed that bears are
important management indicators for a number of other wildlife species too. With this in
mind and relatively large numbers of brown bears in the Carpathians, should we consider this
a declaration of good ecosystem health.

How many bears live in the Carpathian region of Romania?

a. 3000
b.20000
c.6000
d.600

The black goat (Rupicapra)

The black goat (Rupicapra) is an animal belonging to the Bovidae family, the Caprinae
subfamily. It is spread in the mountainous regions of Europe and Asia Minor.

The black goat has a height between 110 and 130 cm, has a short tail (max. 7 cm), having a
height of 75 cm, weighing between 30 and 50 kg. It has a relatively short body, muscular legs
with split hedge, a relatively long neck with a short head provided on both genres with two
eared and tilted horns backwards. Behind the horns there are two glands that secrete during
the mating season a sticky liquid with unpleasant odor. During the summer, the black-eyed
goat has a brown-red washed color, the lower part of the body being white-yellow, with a
black stripe on its back. In winter, the color of the goat is dark brown, dark brown, white on
the abdomen and legs, the head is white and yellow, with a dark stripe on the crown.

The animal lives in groups of 15 to 30 goats consisting of young goats and goats mothers.
This social structure changes according to the state of the season. In the summer an animal is
always guarded to give the alarm signal in time in case of distress. In winter, this surveillance
is less severe, the groups led by a goat can mix with each other. In November it is the mating
season, as at the end of May to be the first litter of goats until the beginning of June. The
black-goat gestation period lasts for 6 months, the goats become mature at the age of three,
and a black goat can live between 15 and 20 years of age. Their food consists of alpine hips,
buds and deciduous or coniferous shoots, leaves of different plants, in winter the goats
consume moss or lichens.