Experiment Results

Two different machined surfaces are used in this experiment; one is turned while the other is
ground. Surface roughness measurements on the ground surface will be taken along three
different directions w.r.t the lay, namely, parallel to the lay, 45 degrees to it, and across the lay
and the other nearly parallel to it. Three traverses will be done for each previously discussed
cases.
Using the appropriate cut-off length and instrument range in each case, our results can be
tabulated as follows:

A. Ground Surface:
Cut-off length = 0.8 mm Range = 99.99 𝜇𝑚

A.1) Traverse across the lay direction:

Traverse No. 𝑅𝑡𝑚 [𝜇𝑚] 𝑅𝑎 [𝜇𝑚]
1 5.4 0.87
2 5 0.8
Average 5.2 0.835

A.2) Traverse 45° to the lay:

Traverse No. 𝑅𝑡𝑚 [𝜇𝑚] 𝑅𝑎 [𝜇𝑚]
1 4.6 0.78
2 4.94 0.82
Average 4.77 0.8

A.3) Traverse Parallel to the lay:

Traverse No. 𝑅𝑡𝑚 [𝜇𝑚] 𝑅𝑎 [𝜇𝑚]
1 3.78 0.49
2 2.99 0.7
Average 3.385 0.595
 B. Turned Surface:

C. Cut-off length = 2.5 mm Range = 99.99 𝜇𝑚

B.1) Traverse across the lay direction:
Traverse No. 𝑅𝑡𝑚 [𝜇𝑚] 𝑅𝑎 [𝜇𝑚]
1 12.62 2.14
2 12.97 2.12
Average 12.795 2.13

B.2) Traverse Parallel to the lay:

Traverse No. 𝑅𝑡𝑚 [𝜇𝑚] 𝑅𝑎 [𝜇𝑚]
1 9.53 2.03
2 9.9 1.94
Average 9.715 1.985

 Results:
Finally, the following table will be written for each of the measured surfaces:

1. For the Ground Surface:

Traverse Direction 𝑅𝑡𝑚 [𝜇𝑚] 𝑅𝑎 [𝜇𝑚]
Across the lay 5.2 0.835
Parallel to the lay 3.385 0.595
45° to the lay 4.77 0.8

2. For the Turned Surface:

Traverse Direction 𝑅𝑡𝑚 [𝜇𝑚] 𝑅𝑎 [𝜇𝑚]
Across the lay 12.795 2.13
Parallel to the lay 9.715 1.985
 4. Discussion and Comments:
The experiment has been conducted on 2 surfaces, the first is a circular ground surface and the
other is a circular turned face.

1. For the ground surface the direction of the lay has been determined using a
magnifying lens and the surface roughness parameters Ra and Rtm has been
measured in the directions across, parallel and 45° inclined to the lay direction.
2. the surface roughness parameters Ra and Rtm is greater in the across the lay direction
than the parallel to the lay direction as expected
3. The surface roughness in case of the turned circular surface is much higher if
compared with the ground surface which is expected due to the different surface
roughness level produced from the two machines.
Introduction:
Surface roughness is a component of surface texture and is evaluated by the deviation of the
surface from its ideal form. It defines how the surface will interact with other surfaces in
contact to the desired value is decided upon the application whether rough or smooth .

Contact-type surface roughness and profile measuring instruments:

In contact type instruments, the stylus tip makes direct contact with the surface sample. The
detector tip is equipped with a stylus which traces the surface sample. These vertical motions of
the stylus are electrically detected and amplified to be converted to indicate the surface texture
Profile roughness parameters:

Surface roughness is evaluated using many different parameters, Ra is by far the most common
parameter. Other common parameters include Rz, Rq, Rsk. The following table shows different
roughness parameter formulas and description