1.

PRE-COURSE SECTION EXERCISE

155 Column1 70
157 69
158 Mean 162 68
158 Standard Error 0.965183375 69
159 Median 161 70
160 Mode 160 71
160 Standard Deviation 4.3164312745 71
160 Sample Variance 18.631578947 69
160 Kurtosis 0.8571338715 71
160 Skewness 0.850776058 72
162 Range 18
162 Minimum 155
162 Maximum 173
164 Sum 3240
164 Count 20
165
165
168 Mean 162
168 Median 161
173 Mode 160
Range 18

Standard
Deviation
(sampling) 4.31643127

Standard
Deviation (total
population) 4.20713679
 2. MEAN / MEDIAN / MODE /
RANGE / STANDARD DECIATION
Column1 70 Column1
69
Mean 3 68 Mean 3
Standard Error 0.148964681 69 Standard Error 0.148964681
Median 3.1 70 Median 3.1
Mode 3.1 71 Mode 3.1
Standard Deviation 0.5769377288 71 Standard Deviation 0.5769377288
Sample Variance 0.3328571429 69 Sample Variance 0.3328571429
Kurtosis -0.421364577 71 Kurtosis -0.4213645773
Skewness 0.077251257 72 Skewness 0.077251257
Range 2.1 Range 2.1
Minimum 2 Minimum 2
Maximum 4.1 Maximum 4.1
Sum 45 Sum 45
Count 15 Count 15

Mean 70 Mean 70
Median 70 Median 70
Mode 69 Mode 69
Range 4 Range 4

Standard Standard
Deviation Deviation
(sampling) 1.2472191 (sampling) 1.2472191289

Standard Standard
Deviation Deviation
(total (total
population) 1.183216 population) 1.1832159566

Mode Multi-1 69

Mode Multi-2 71

Mode Multi-3 #N/A

Mode Multi-4 #N/A

Mode Multi-5 #N/A

Mode Multi-6 #N/A

Mode Multi-7 #N/A

Mode Multi-8 #N/A

Mode Multi-9 #N/A

Mode Multi-10 #N/A

Mr. Iqbal
Mean 70.075 70.7
Weights Mean UCL LCL USL LSL
(Kg) (Target)
Std Dev. 0.319598 0.32
70 70.7 71.03 69.11 72 68
70.4 70.7 71.03 69.11 72 68
70.6 70.7 71.03 69.11 72 68 Mr. Iqbal Weigh
70.2 70.7 71.03 69.11 72 68 73

70 70.7 71.03 69.11 72 68 72

69.8 70.7 71.03 69.11 72 68
69.6 70.7 71.03 69.11 72 68 71
70.4 70.6
70 70.7 71.03 69.11 72 68 70.2

Weight (Kg)
7070 7

69

68

67

66
1 2 3 4 5

Mr. Peter

Weights Mean UCL LCL USL LSL

(Kg) (Target)
Mean 70 70
70 70 73.93 66.07 72 68 Std Dev. 1.309307 1.31
71 70 73.93 66.07 72 68
72 70 73.93 66.07 72 68 Mr. Peter Weigh
71 70 73.93 66.07 72 68
70 70 73.93 66.07 72 68 76
69 70 73.93 66.07 72 68
74
68 70 73.93 66.07 72 68
69 70 73.93 66.07 72 68 72 72
71 71
7070
Weight (Kg)

68

66

64

62
1 2 3 4
64

62
1 2 3 4
Mr. Iqbal Weight Chart

72

70.6 70.7
71.03
70.2 70 70
69.8 69.6 69.11

68

3 4 5 6 7 8

Mr. Peter Weight Chart

73.93

72 72
71
70 70
69 69
68 68

66.07

3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8
Cp and Cpk Calculator (Process is CAPABLE if Cp>1). TO C
1) No Mean Shift - Cp Calculation
a) USL / LSL / σ or s given
USL 545 Cp 1.59
LSL 535 Sigma Level 4.76
σ or s 1.05

b) USL / LSL / UCL / LCL is given

USL 0 Cp -1.67
LSL 10 Sigma Level -5.00
UCL -2
LCL -8

c) SW and PW given

SW 72 Cp 1.06
PW 68 Sigma Level 3.18

2) Mean Shift - CP and Cpk Calculation

a) USL / LSL / target / mean shift / σ or s given
USL 5 Cp 1.67
LSL -5 Sigma Level 5.00
Target 0
Mean Shift 0 Cpk 1.67
σ or s 1 Sigma Level 5.00

Cpk(USL) 1.67
Cpk(LSL) 1.67
BLE if Cp>1). TO Calculate SIGMA LEVEL in VARIABLE DATA
SW = Specification Width = USL - LSL

PW = Process Width = UCL - LCL

Cp = SW / PW = SW / 6σ
d) SW / σ or s given
SW 4 Cp 1.71
σ or s 0.39 Sigma Level 5.13

e) SW and UCL / LCL or s given

SW 1.4 Cp 1.40
UCL 4.5 Sigma Level 4.20
LCL 3.5

f) Find UCL & LCL (given: x-bar/average s/σ)

x-bar/ave 70 UCL 73.93
σ or s 1.31 LCL 66.07
LE DATA
PARETO
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Arrange the data into a descending orders
2. Highlight the "COMPLAINTS COLUMN", NO. OF COMPLAINTS COLUMN", AND CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE COLUMN".
3. Click the tools "INSERT", then click "GRAPHS", then Click "LINE WITH MARKERS".
4. Click the Y -axis and "FORMAT" into "MAXIMUM - FIXED" 100% only
5. Click the graph on "NO. OF COMPLAINS" and change to " COLUMN GRAPH".
6. Click the column graph and click the on the FORMAT OPTIONS - remove the "FILL COLOR" AND CLICK the desired "OUTLIN
7. Click the "NO. OF COMPLAINS" graph then format it to "PLOT IN SECONDARY axis".
Exercise: Causes for Railway Accidents (Out of 50 cases)

Driver Sleeping - 17, Signal Fault - 4, Track Fault - 8, Engine Fault - 12, Animals on Track - 3, Unmanned crossing -1, Others - 3, S

Solutions:
Arrange in descending orders 100.00
90.00
Cumulative 80.00
Causes No. of Case Percentage Percentage
70.00
Driver Sleeping 17 34.00 34.00
60.00
Engine Fault 12 24.00 58.00
50.00
Track Fault 8 16.00 74.00
40.00
Signal Fault 4 8.00 82.00
30.00
Animals on Track 3 6.00 88.00
20.00
Sabotage 2 4.00 92.00
Unmanned crossing 1 2.00 94.00 10.00
Others 3 6.00 100.00 -
ng a ul t a ul t a ul t ck
epi F F F Tra
le ne a ck al n
er S ngi Tr i gn l so Sa
ir v E S a
D im
total 50 100.00 An m
Un

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PARETO SOLUTIONS TEMPLATE

Arrange in descending orders

No. of Cumulative
Complaints Percentage 100.00
Complaints Percentage

90.00

80.00

70.00

60.00
 100.00

90.00

80.00

70.00

60.00

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

0 0 0
E PERCENTAGE COLUMN".

AND CLICK the desired "OUTLINE COLOR".

manned crossing -1, Others - 3, Sabotage - 2. Draw a Pareto Charts

.00 18
.00 16
.00 14
.00
12
.00
10
.00
8
.00
6
.00 No. of Case
.00 4 Cumulative Percentage
.00 2
- 0
ng a ul t a ul t a ul t ck a ge ng rs
epi F F F Tra ot s si the
le ne a ck al n b cr
o O
er S ngi Tr i gn l so Sa
ed
iv E S a n
im an
An m
Un

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

100.00 12

90.00
10
80.00

70.00
8
60.00
100.00 12

90.00
10
80.00

70.00
8
60.00
No. of Complaints
50.00 6
Cumulative Percentage
40.00
4
30.00

20.00
2
10.00

- 0
HISTOGRAM EXERCISE
A) INSTRUCTIONS:
% Marks Obtained 1. Find the binary by the fo
School - A School - B 2. Click Data. Click Data Ana
96 90 3. Select the input range, b
91 81 4. Change the TITLE name a
91 81 5. Remove the BAR gap by
91 81 B) HISTOGRAM GRAPHS 6. Click the column graph a
82 73 RULE OF THUMB FOR THE INTERVALS
82 73 is SQUARE ROOT OF READINGS His
82 73 BINARY Frequency
82 73 7.071068 14 0 18
16
82 73 OR 7 INTERVALS 28 2 14

No. of Students
82 73 42 4 12
10
77 66 BINARY 56 11
8
77 66 14 70 16 6
77 66 28 84 13 4
2
77 66 42 98 4 0
77 66 56 More 0 14 28
77 66 70
77 66 84
68 61 98
68 61 BINARY Frequency
68 61 14 0 H
68 61 28 0 25
68 61 42 0
20
68 61 56 17

No. of Students
68 61 70 23 15
68 61 84 9 10
68 61 98 1 5
62 58 More 0 0
62 58 14 28
62 58
62 58
62 58
62 58
62 58 C) MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY:
55 55 School A School B
55 55 Average / Mean 64.18 61.74
55 55 Median 68 61
55 55 Mode 68 61
55 55 Min 23 50
55 55 Max 96 90
47 53 Range 73 40
47 53 Standard Deviation 17.03255 9.266736 Population
47 53 Standard Deviation 17.20547 9.360817 Sampling
47 53
47 53
38 51
38 51
38 51
38 51
23 50
23 50
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Find the binary by the formula of Square Root of Readings
2. Click Data. Click Data Analysis. Click Histogram
3. Select the input range, binary range, output range and click chart output
4. Change the TITLE name and Frequency name
5. Remove the BAR gap by clicking the column graph and click the option "NO GAP"
6. Click the column graph and click the on the FORMAT OPTIONS - remove the "FILL COLOR" AND CLICK the desired "OUTLINE COLOR".

Histogram School-A Bin Frequency

18
14
28
0
2
His
16 20
14 42 4
15
No. of Students

12 56 11

Frequency
10 10
70 16
8 5
6 84 13
4 0
98 4
2 14 28 42 56
0 More 0
B
14 28 42 56 70 84 98 More
BINARY

Histogram School-B
25
20
No. of Students

15
10
5
0
14 28 42 56 70 84 98 More
BINARY
the desired "OUTLINE COLOR".

Histogram
20
15
Frequency

10 Frequency
5
0
14 28 42 56 70 84 98 More
Bin
SCATTER DIAGRAM - CORRELATION INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Highlight the data (2 column e.g. Wt and Km/Lit colum
2. Click Insert, Click Scatter.
3. Click one of the points on the scatter diagram, then ri
4. Click "Display Equation on Chart", Click "Display R sq
5. R = √R² from R squared of Charts.
6. Other way is to type "=CORREL(1st column data range
7. CTP if R = -0.7 to -1.0 or 0.7 to 1.0; NOT CTP WEAK CO

EXERCISE 10 Chart Title

CAR NAME WT KG KM/LIT 25
CAMRY 1600 14.5
SONATA 2400 8 20
CIVIC 1200 17.5 f(x) == -- 0.007677665x
f(x) 0.007677665x + 26.8697
+ 26.8697969
R² == 0.9337596361
R² 0.9337596361
LANDROVER 2300 8.5 15
MERCEDES 2100 10
CHEVROLET 1900 11.5 10
DODGE 3000 6
ACCENT 1500 13.5
5
ALTO 900 22.5
FIAT UNO 1100 18.5
0
500 1000 1500 2000

r= -0.96631
OR r= 0.966333
WT KG KM/LIT
WT KG 1
KM/LIT -0.96631 1

Additional Exercise

Exercise -
Independent Variable
(System Size in Dependent Variable 600
Function Points) (Effort in work months)
1 800 20 500
2 300 10
400
Efort in Works

3 1500 80
4 500 15 300
5 1800 90
200
6 3000 220
7 5500 400 100
8 4000 300
9 6500 500 0
0 1000 2000 3000
10 4500 310
System Size in Fu

r= 0.997
Therefore X is CTP
APPENDIX 6 EXERCISE

a) SIZE OF PAPER Chart Title

20
18 f(x) = 0.5483870968x - 7.6935483871
Average no. of errors 16 R² = 0.9561621175
SIZE of Paper reaching composing 14
room 12
10
24 5 8
30 8 6
4
36 14 2
50 19 0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

r= 0.978

b) ARTICLES SPELL CHECKED Chart Title

50
45
USE of Spell No. of errors reaching
40 f(x) = - 35.8904109589x + 43.3424657534
Check composing room R² = 0.9975199085
35
30
0% 44 25
40% 28 20
70% 18 15
10
100% 8 5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
r= -0.999

b) No. of times COPY EDITOR called LIBRARY

Chart Title
Approx. No. of Average no. of errors 25
Times Calls reaching composing
Made room 20
f(x) = - 1.14x + 30.7
10 20 15 R² = 0.9860394537
15 13 10
20 7
5
25 3
0
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
r= -0.993

c) Average No. of ERRORS when front cover story was changed VS. when story was not changed

Change of Front No. of errors reaching

Cover Story composing room
n e.g. Wt and Km/Lit column)

he scatter diagram, then right click, then click trendline, Click linear.
Chart", Click "Display R squared on Chart".

REL(1st column data range,2nd column data range)"

to 1.0; NOT CTP WEAK CORELATION if R = -0.3 to -0.69 or 0.3 to 0.69; NOT CTP and NO CORELATION if R = 0.0 to -0.29 or 0.0 to 0.29

Chart Title
WT KG KM/LIT
WT KG 1
KM/LIT -0.96631 1
== -- 0.007677665x
0.007677665x + 26.8697969543
+ 26.8697969543
0.9337596361
0.9337596361

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

Exercise - 11

000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

System Size in Fuction Points
 50 55

1 1.2

22 24 26
= 0.0 to -0.29 or 0.0 to 0.29
Six Sigma Calculator (For Count DATA)
Enter values in Gray cells only
A. All values required to calculate Sigma level
Defects: 35 DPMO: 70
Units: 100,000 Sigma Level: 5.31
Opportunities per Unit: 5

B. Sigma calculated based on defects and number of opportunities

Defects: 1 DPMO: 50000
Number of Opportunities: 20 Sigma Level: 3.14

C. Enter only the known Defects Per Million Opportunities

Enter DPMO 2,700 Sigma Level: 4.28
Six Sigma Calculator

The calculation of a Sigma level, is based on the number of defects per million op

In order to calculate the DPMO, three distinct pieces of information are required:
a) the number of units produced
b) the number of defect opportunities per unit
c) the number of defects

The actual formula is:

DPMO = (Number of Defects X 1,000,000)

((Number of Defect Opportunities/Unit) x Number of Un

Example:

A manufacturer of computer hard drives wants to measure their Six S

Over a given period of time, the manufacturer creates 83,934 hard dri
The manufacturer performs 8 individual checks to test quality of the d
During testing 3,432 are rejected.

Defects 3432
Opportunities 83934
Defect Opportunities per unit 8

Six Sigma Table: 1 690,000

2 308,000
3 66,800
4 6,210
5 320
6 3.4

Source for this file:

http://home.xtra.co.nz/hosts/smtconz/Quality/Simple%20Six%20Sigma%20Calcu
er of defects per million opportunities (DPMO).

information are required:

X 1,000,000)

ies/Unit) x Number of Units)

nts to measure their Six Sigma level.

er creates 83,934 hard drives.
cks to test quality of the drives.

DPMO 5111.1588
Sigma Level 4.1

0Six%20Sigma%20Calculator.xls
CALCULATING SIGMA LEVEL OF AN ENTIRE ORGANIZATION

No. of No. of Opportunities Sigma

Sub-Process Students DPU DPMO
Defects for Error Level

Admission 200 20 6 0.100 16,667 3.648 3.648 3.628

Admin 1500 600 17 0.400 23,529 3.492 3.492 3.486

Teaching 1500 500 13 0.333 25,641 3.461 3.461 3.449

HW 1500 450 7 0.300 42,857 3.215 3.121 3.218

Extra
Curricular 1200 550 12 0.458 38,194 3.26 3.260 3.272

Sports 1000 200 4 0.200 50,000 3.153 3.149 3.145

Exam 1500 900 19 0.600 31,579 3.368 3.368 3.358

Library 1400 30 7 0.021 3,061 4.238 4.238 4.241

Total 9800 3250 85 2 28,389 3.414 3.414
QUIZ SSGB - 01
1
Because in Quality Assurance the scopes are from the incoming materials, on-going processes / productions (operational p

DEPT. A YES DEPT. B YES

CTQ CTQ
(INTERNAL OK (INTERNAL OK
CUSTOMER) CUSTOMER)

NO NO

Product Quality Support Quality

Quality of Material used Loan Process
Finish of the flat On line demo of flats
Layout Warranties
Amenities Maintenance

* This are example of Product Quality and Support Quality of tangible products

3
Product Quality
Timeliness of Credits
Zero balance facilities
Email Bank Statements
Loan offers
Support Quality
Call Center support
Internet Banking
Queries Handling

* This are example of Product Quality and Support Quality of intangible products

4. Refer to the workbook

5. Refer to the workbook

6. Refer to the workbook

7
"Make example from day to day or your Organization"
Identify the problem. What was the problem
How you did the correction ( damage control)
How you plan the RCO prevention
How you plan the ICD prevention
(POKA YOKE is related to prevention which can be RCO or ICD)

8
"Make example from day to day or your Organization"
What is the defect that occurred
How you did the root cause analysis
How would you do the Corrective actions. (Prevent Re-occurance of the mistake)
How would you do the Preventive Actions. (Proactive. Preven occurance in the first place)
/ productions (operational processes). And the AREA of actions for checking are ON-LINE / ON-GOING processes.

YES DEPT. C YES EXTERNAL

(INTERNAL CTQ
OK CUSTOMER
CUSTOMER)

NO