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Membrane Bioreactor Processes: Principles and Applications: July 2015
Membrane Bioreactor Processes: Principles and Applications: July 2015
Membrane Bioreactor Processes: Principles and Applications: July 2015
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Seong-Hoon Yoon
Nalco Water
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6.3.1
Organic Loading Rate or F/M Ratio ................................................ 256
6.3.2
HRT/SRT .......................................................................................... 258
6.3.3
Oxygen Uptake Rate ........................................................................ 258
6.3.4
Sludge Yield ..................................................................................... 259
6.3.5
Oxygen Demand ............................................................................... 262
6.3.5.1 Overall Reaction ............................................................... 262
6.3.5.2 Oxygen Demand Calculation ............................................ 263
6.3.6 Comparison of CSTR with PFR....................................................... 265
6.3.6.1 Mixing Patterns in CSTR and PFR .................................. 265
6.3.6.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of PFR in the CAS
Process .............................................................................. 267
6.3.6.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of PFR in the MBR
Process .............................................................................. 267
6.4 Membrane System ......................................................................................... 269
6.4.1 Flux and Membrane Area ................................................................ 269
6.4.2 Specific Air Demand ........................................................................ 270
6.4.3 Air Scouring System ........................................................................ 270
6.5 Oxygen Transfer Efficiency ........................................................................... 272
6.5.1 Theory .............................................................................................. 272
6.5.1.1 Standardized Oxygen Transfer Efficiency ........................ 272
6.5.1.2 OTE Estimation in Process Water/Mixed Liquor ............ 273
6.5.2 Factors Affecting OTE ..................................................................... 275
6.5.2.1 Diffuser Pore Size............................................................. 275
6.5.2.2 Airflow Rate ..................................................................... 276
6.5.2.3 Spatial Distribution of Diffuser ........................................ 277
6.5.2.4 Diffuser Fouling ............................................................... 277
6.5.2.5 MLSS and Viscosity ......................................................... 278
6.5.2.6 SRT and F/M Ratio ........................................................... 278
6.5.2.7 Foaming ............................................................................280
6.5.2.8 Biocarriers and Flow Pattern in Aeration Tank................ 282
6.5.3 OTE Measurement ........................................................................... 283
6.5.3.1 Non–Steady State Absorption Method ............................. 283
6.5.3.2 Non–Steady State Desorption Method ............................. 285
6.5.3.3 Steady State Method ......................................................... 286
6.6 Oxygen Balance in MBR............................................................................... 287
6.7 Peak Flow Handling ...................................................................................... 288
6.8 Aeration Optimization ................................................................................... 290
6.9 Planning Hydraulic Grade Line .................................................................... 291
6.10 Membrane Life Span ..................................................................................... 292
6.10.1 Factors Affecting Membrane Life .................................................... 292
6.10.2 Manufacturer’s Estimation ............................................................... 293
6.10.3 Third Parties’ Estimation ................................................................. 294
6.11 Trace Organics Removal ............................................................................... 296
6.11.1 Removal Mechanism ........................................................................ 296
6.11.2 Factors Affecting Removal Efficiency ............................................. 297
6.11.2.1 Effect of Hydrophobicity of Compound ........................... 297
6.11.2.2 Effect of Temperature ....................................................... 298
6.11.2.3 Effect of SRT .................................................................... 298
6.11.3 Removal Efficiency .......................................................................... 299
6.11.4 Comparison with CAS Process ........................................................ 299