TITLE: To determine GAGE FACTOR of a given boned semiconductor type strain gage.

Objective:

 To determine gage factor using strain gage

 to know about strain gages and its application

Apparatus required:
 Strain measurement trainer
 Semiconductor strain gage
 Different load

Theory:

A strain gage (sometimes referred to as a Strain gauge) is a sensor whose resistance varies with applied force; It
converts force, pressure, tension, weight, etc., into a change
in electrical resistance which can then be measured.
semiconductor strain gages were developed for the use in
automotive industry. Its types:

Semiconductor strain gauges exhibit following key features:

Unlike other strain gauges, semiconductor strain gages are
based upon t piezoresistive effects of silicon or germanium
and measure the change in resistance with stress as opposed
to strain. Size of a semiconductor strain gauge is much
smaller and the cost much lower than for a metallic foil.

Consider a wire strain gage, as illustrated above. The wire is composed of a uniform conductor of electric resistivity r
with length l and cross-section area A. Its resistance R is a function of the geometry given by

The resistance change rate is a combination effect of changes in length, cross-section area, and resistivity.

When the strain gage is attached and bonded well to the surface of an object, the two are considered to deform
together. The strain of the strain gage wire along the longitudinal direction is the same as the strain on the surface in
the same direction.

However, its cross-sectional area will also change due to the Poisson's ratio. Suppose that the wire is cylindrical with
initial radius r. The normal strain along the radial direction is

The change rate of cross-section area is twice as the radial strain, when the strain is small.

The resistance change rate becomes

 STRAIN MEASUREMENT TRAINER

Procedure:
 first of all, all the apparatus was connected
 then initially 300 was taken as standard
 the apparatus was made balanced at 1000g using hand
 after that different measurement was noted for the different load

OBSERAVTION AND CALCULATION:

Gauge factor (GF) or strain factor of a strain gauge is the ratio of relative change in electrical resistance R, to the
mechanical strain ε.

GF = (dR/R) / (dL/L)
Applied dL/L dR/R GF
load
100 35*10-6 0.42 8.3*10-5
200 67*10-6 0.4 1.7*10-4
300 89*10-6 0.38 2.3*10-4
400 122*10-6 0.36 3.38*10-4
500 160*10-6 0.35 4.6*10-4
600 193*10-6 0.31 6.2*10-4
700 222*10-6 0.28 7.9*10-4
800 248*10-6 0.26 9.5*10-4
900 277*10-6 0.25 1.12*10-3
1000 308*10-6 0.23 1.34*10-3

Gage factor mean = 6.101*10-3

Result:

Mean gage factor was found to be 6.101*10-3

Conclusion:

Gage factor of bonded semiconductor strain gage was determined using strain measurement trainer.