Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Paragraph Class IX & X
Paragraph Class IX & X
Environment Pollution
Our earth is the only planet known to have an environment conducive to life. But this
environment is exposed to pollution. The major types of pollution are air pollution,
water pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution, soil pollution and light pollution.
The sources and causes of pollution mainly include industrial activities, dumping
solid waste, vehicles, rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, population
overgrowth, combustion of fossil fuels, and agricultural waste. Environment
pollution has negatively affected the life of both human beings and animals. It causes
the ecological imbalance, fatal diseases, global warming, species losses, and so on.
According to many scientists, we are now living in an era of mass extinction for
pollution. Attempts should be made to solve the problem of environment pollution. It
is heartening to find the entire world aware of the menace. Some of the advanced
countries have already taken some measures to address it. If we fail to restore the
ecological balance right now, it would be too late tomorrow.
Tree Plantation
Tree plantation means planting trees in large numbers. To plant trees is to give body
and life to one's dreams of a better world. No wonder trees are very important to us
in many ways. We cannot think of our existence without trees. Trees make up for a
great deal of our food deficiency by providing fruits and vitamins. They supply
timber for various uses. Trees prevent soil erosion. Many kinds of medicines are
prepared from the leaves, roots and barks of trees. Trees supply us with oxygen
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without which we cannot live. Above all, they help us to keep the ecological balance.
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Generally trees are planted in July and August. They can be planted on the roadsides
and in all educational institutions. Unfortunately, our trees and forests are not
sufficient in proportion to our total land area. To preserve our environment we
should plant more and more trees. The government should encourage tree plantation
through various mass media.
Traffic Jam
Travelling in big cities and towns is rather a bitter experience for anyone because of
the growing volume of traffic. At times there is a situation in which vehicles cannot
move freely and traffic comes to a standstill. Such a situation is popularly known as
traffic jam, which causes a great deal of sufferings to its victims. It kills their
valuable time, exposes them to pollution and creates irritation among them. It is
most annoying when an ambulance carrying a dying patient is caught in it. It is also
unwelcome when a fire brigade vehicle is in a hurry to reach a spot. Main reasons
behind traffic jam are the deplorable street condition, slack traffic rules, the
corruption of the traffic police, the unruly behaviour of the drivers, and the pressure
of vehicles at the peak hour. The digging of roads for the development purpose also
contributes to the worsening of the traffic-jam situation. The solution to this problem
is a tough task but not an impossible one. The street condition should be improved
and traffic rules should be strictly imposed. Drivers should be penalised for reckless
driving and corrupt traffic policemen should be brought to book. A computerised
traffic-control system can go a long way to solve the problem of traffic jam. Another
pressing measure is coordination among different organisations responsible for
looking after the traffic control system. Regular commuters cannot accept traffic jam
in their routine life and resign to fate. Until and unless they get rid of traffic jam,
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A Rickshaw-puller
A rickshaw-puller is a useful member of our society. He earns his living by pulling a
rickshaw. His service is in equal demand in cities, towns and villages. It is the
rickshaw-puller who takes us to those places where other means of transportation
A Day Labourer
A day labourer is an unskilled worker hired and paid by the day. He is a ragged and
dirty man. He lives in a slum with his family. Getting up early, he quickly takes some
stale rice and leaves home for work. He usually goes to a marketplace where he
keeps waiting until someone hires him for some work. He does bone-breaking toil for
his employer from morning till evening. When he finishes his work, he gets his
wages. Then he buys food and returns home like a drooping fighter. He takes his
evening meal and goes to bed early out of tiredness. On a rainy day he does not often
get any work and so he cannot earn money. Then he starves, and so do the other
members of his family. Again, he seldom gets the right wages that he deserves for his
work. The result is the continuous story of his poverty and hardship. There is
virtually no moment of happiness in his life. His life is a true picture of privation and
deprivation. He cannot manage his family well. He cannot provide two square meals
for the members of his family, let alone other basic needs of life. He appears to be
engaged in an endless battle against all odds of life. Day labourers form an important
class of our society. We should understand the hard toil of a day labourer. We should
not be rough and cruel to him. We should deal with him considerately and
sympathetically.
A Winter Morning
Winter presents us with a rather cold and foggy morning. Really there is all-
pervasive fog on a winter morning. At times the fog is too dense for the sun to
penetrate. Visibility becomes very poor and things at a little distance can hardly be
seen. Nature looks gloomy and casts a shadow on every living thing. Bird chirping is
not heard and there is no sign of activity anywhere. An early riser gets bitten by cold
and wraps up warm. But a late riser finds a winter morning quite pleasant. He enjoys
the warmth of the blanket for a longer time than usual. The very first streak of light
on the eastern horizon creates a kind of romantic atmosphere. Dewdrops glisten in
the grass before drying up. Nature shakes off its gloomy look and infuses a new lease
of life into everything. A winter morning is a boon to those who live in plenty but a
curse to those who are poor. The poor do not have warm clothes to protect
themselves from cold. They are very often seen to make a fire and sit around it to
keep themselves warm. That is why they feel a great joy as soon as the sun is seen on
the eastern horizon. On a winter morning one can enjoy date juice and different
types of homemade cakes. These features are unique only to a winter morning and
make it different from any other morning.
My School Magazine
Every student has creative power but this power cannot develop for want of an
outlet. Therefore, my school publishes its own magazine to provide its students with
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an outlet for their creative power. The name of the magazine is “Sandipan”. It is
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A Street Beggar
Clad in rags, a street beggar can be seen everywhere begging in the name of God. In
ancient times a person took to begging only when he had been very hungry for days
together and had not been able to get hold of a job. Nowadays begging has become
almost a profession in our country. Wherever we go, a street beggar stares us in the
face. We cannot escape him. Like God Almighty, a street beggar seems to be
omnipresent. There are some street beggars who are able bodied. They can work to
earn their bread but they have taken to begging simply because it is very easy. They
at times get more money than many honest workers can earn. The street beggars
virtually loot money in the name of religion and God. They do not deserve pity. There
are other street beggars who are crippled. But it is no excuse for begging. A self-
respecting person — whether handicapped or not — always tries to stand on his own
feet. Of course, crippled people should be helped, but they should not be given alms.
Begging can in no way be justified. A street beggar, who is healthy but lazy, is very
clever and cunning. Some street beggars go about in saffron clothes, carrying bowls
in their hands. Some street beggars form singing parties and beg in the name of a
charitable institution. Some sit by the roadside and pretend to be blind or deaf. They
try to rouse the pity and sympathy of the passers-by. Most of such beggars are fit to
work and can earn their living on their own. Sometimes the street beggars even do
the great crime of kidnapping little children and later training them in the art of
begging. While giving alms to any street beggar, one should always keep in mind that
giving a little money or food will not end his poverty. If one wants to really end his
poverty, one should give him work instead. Charity may be given but it should not be
given without consideration. Misplaced charity is good neither for the one who
shows it nor for the one to whom it is shown. It rather encourages idleness and
inactivity. It produces parasites and wastes a sizeable amount of manpower.
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A Bus Stand
The regular stopping-place for a bus is known as a bus-stand. A bus stand presents a
very lively and interesting scene. There is always a lot of hustle and bustle. The
hawkers fill the place with their singsong voices to sell their goods. There are queues
of men, women and children eagerly waiting for a bus. The queues get longer and
longer every minute. The passengers wait patiently and discuss the burning issues of
Load Shedding
Load shedding has become part and parcel of our daily life. Electricity plays a very
important role in regulating modern life. So, any interruption in the supply of
electricity puts the whole system out of gear and paralyses our life. Load shedding
occurs when the generation of power is less than the demand. And it creates
problems of far-reaching consequences in the economic and social development of
the country. Mills and factories become idle and industrial production declines.
Social order suffers a great damage. Domestic life becomes a painful ordeal. Students
suffer in their study and housewives grope in the dark. In tall buildings people get
trapped in lifts and gasp for fresh air. Water pumping system fails and there is no
water in tanks. People return home after a day's hard work only to enter a dark den.
The entire life — domestic and industrial — comes to a standstill. The problem of
load-shedding has assumed such a proportion that something must be done to stop
this rot; otherwise the whole country is going to face a great calamity. The main
reasons behind load-shedding are age-old plant and machinery and poor
maintenance. Ineffective administration is making the problem still more acute.
Much has been said about the solution to the problem but no effective measure has
yet been taken. But we cannot accept load-shedding in our routine life and resign to
fate. We cannot put back the arms of the clock of progress. Until and unless we can
get rid of load-shedding our future is really gloomy.
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A Street Hawker
A street hawker adds colour and variety to both village life and city life. He is usually
a seller, but he can also be either a buyer or a repairman. As we generally know him
as a seller, we tend to describe him as such. A street hawker brings the market to our
doorsteps. He brings sweetmeats for children, utensils for housewives, and knick-
knacks for all. He infests every street, lane and by-lane. Children and women like
him very much. He does not like elderly men because they hardly buy anything from
him. Various articles that he sells are carried either in a box or on a pushcart. At
times he stitches his articles with a rope and hangs them around his shoulders. He
declares his articles one by one as he peddles in a singsong manner. He has his
individual drawl and musical intonation, which are very funny and amusing. He
exaggerates the quality of his articles in rhymed words. He is clever enough to cheat
others, but he can never be cheated. He knows well the art of advertising his goods.
He gives them out as the best in the world. He knows how to win the hearts of his
customers. His manners simply enchant them. He does not always make a very high
profit out of his business. A street hawker belongs to the poor class of society. He
earns his livelihood by means of hard work. He has to go on his duty in all weathers;
otherwise it becomes very difficult for him to support his family. So, a street hawker
is certainly a poor man, but he should not be ignored. We should rather encourage
him as he is a petty businessman.
My Favourite Pastime
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My pastime is reading. I read story books, magazines, newspapers and any kind of
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material that I find interesting. This pastime got started when I was a little boy. I
had always wanted my parents to read fairy tales and other stories to me. Soon they
got fed up and tired of having to read to me continually. So as soon as I could, I
learnt to read. I started with simple ABC books. Soon I could read simple fairy tales
and other stories. Now I read just about anything that is available. Reading enables
me to learn about so many things that I would otherwise not know. I learned about
how people lived in bygone days of magic and mystery. I learned about the wonders
The world today is very different from that of twenty years ago. This difference is
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largely due to the Internet. The Internet is a true wonder of the modem age. Today it
has grown to become a major means of communication. Websites and emails that
were unheard of just two decades ago are quickly gaining in popularity and usage.
Via a computer, a person can access the Internet and the numerous websites in it.
There are websites on just about anything anyone can think of. Information, files,
photographs, video clips, computer software, games etc can often be obtained free or
for a fee from some websites. Online shopping, banking and other services make it a
Tourism
Tourism is the activity of visiting other places for the purposes of seeing the sights
and being entertained. Tourism is a very popular leisure activity, with some people
traveling to the other side of the world for tourism purposes. The tourism industry is
an industry that arranges tourists’ visits to the places of interest. Last year the
tourism industry was calculated to have contributed nearly 7.2 trillion dollars to the
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world’s economy. Some of the most popular tourist destinations in the world include
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the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the Taj Mahal in India and the Machu Picchu trail in South
America. Some people like to combine their business trips with a little tourism.
Taking time out from a business trip to a foreign land to see the local sights is a great
way to let off steam. There are different branches of tourism. Ecotourism, for
example, is about visiting areas of natural beauty in an environment-friendly way.
Meanwhile, adventure tourism might involve rock climbing or white water rafting.
My Favourite Personality
My favourite personality is none other than my mother. It is rightly said, “God could
not be everywhere, so He created mothers.” Of all the persons in the world, my
mother loves me most. Her love for me is like nothing else in the world. It knows no
law or pity. It dares all things and crushes down remorselessly all that stands in its
path. I also love her from the core of my heart. To me she is like a living goddess who
takes every care of me. She understands what I do not say. Her arms are made of
tenderness and I sleep soundly in them. When I fall sick, she spends sleepless nights
by my sick-bed. When I come first in my class examination, she becomes perhaps the
happiest person on earth. From my childhood I have been greatly influenced by my
mother. She has always guided me in the right path in every step of my life. She has
taught me discipline, manners, and the sense of duty towards others in the family
and in the society. I remember that she used to relate to me many oriental and
mythological tales when I was a child and did not know how to read and write. She
has taught me to love my country and my countrymen. She assists me everyday in
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life. I love my mother as the trees love water and sunshine - she helps me grow,
prosper, and reach great heights. I feel fortunate to be born as her son. She is very
anxious about my health, my education, and my prosperity. I feel that there is no
other person nearest to the heart than a mother in this world. I need my mother as
the trees need water and sunshine – she helps me grow, prosper, and reach great
heights.
A Street Accident
I often express my opinion that travelling in Dhaka is rather a dangerous business
because of the growing volume of traffic. My belief was confirmed by what I saw
yesterday morning. I was returning from market at about 9:30 a.m. when an accident
occurred to a passenger travelling on a Gulistan-bound bus. It happened like this. As
soon as the bus picked up speed I saw a middle-aged man suddenly flung from the
bus at a terrific rate. The next thing I saw was a pool of blood on the pavement. I
rushed to the spot. There I found the man lying unconscious, with his head bleeding
profusely. I think he must have lost his grip on the handle. Soon a large number of
people gathered round the man, all looking anxiously at him but no one doing
anything. I suggested that he should be removed to a nearby hospital for treatment,
but as no one made any move, I personally called a taxi and placed the man inside.
An elderly gentleman then offered to accompany him to hospital. Meanwhile, the bus
was stopped, and the conductor was abused by the passengers and the crowd. At one
time I thought that he would be manhandled. But we have very little time for
compassion for our fellow men. After making a show of sympathy the passengers
started shouting at the driver to get the bus going, so that they might not be late for
work. The last words that I heard from one of them was, ‘Leave the fellow to his fate;
it will teach him to take more care next time’! These words are indeed a sad
commentary on our selfishness and our lack of feeling for others. This incident has
left a very painful impression on my mind.
A Tea Stall
What sight is more common in our country than a tea stall that we come to see here,
there and everywhere? Almost every tea stall offers a similar look with a stove, a
kettle and a few benches and tables. Prepared tea is commonly sold and served here
along with some light refreshment. A tea stall, as such, is a place of immense public
interest. It is, as it were, the parliament of the common people. In the bygone days,
people used to gather at a tea stall in the morning and in the evening, especially in
winter. Now, be it summer or winter, a tea stall remains crowded alike. It is
frequented by people from a variety of social strata. It is seen in a tea stall that a
kettle is always kept hot on a stove. There is often a boy or two in the stall to serve
tea to the customers. The manager sits behind the cashbox and collects money from
the customers. A tea stall opens early in the morning and closes late at night. Those
who are bored with daily chores seek leisure in a social get-together at a tea stall.
They take tea and talk on various issues – political, national and international, and at
times they raise a storm in a teacup. There are also some tea-lovers who are in the
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habit of drinking tea in a tea-stall environment. To them the gathering at a tea stall
is more attractive than the tea. There is no denying the fact that the tea drunk at
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home is different from, or even better than, the tea drunk at a tea stall, but the latter
seems to have a special taste. As far as the price is concerned, there may be no
difference between the tea drunk at a tea stall and that drunk at home, but the value
is.
An Ideal Student
An ideal student stands for all that is good and noble. He has qualities of head and
heart which endear him to all. The parents and the teachers love him. His class-
mates admire him and try to emulate him. An ideal student has a good personality.
He never neglects his physical development and for this he takes regular exercise. He
is not a book-worm. He studies while it is time to study. He goes to the playground
and takes an active part in the games. This keeps him fit. An ideal student is an early
riser. He gets up early in the morning. He takes exercise in the open air. He bathes
daily. He prays to God. He takes a balanced diet. He avoids taking too much of food.
He follows the rules of health and personal hygiene. An ideal student is very honest.
He is intelligent. He has very pleasing manners. He respects his elders. He never
talks disrespectfully of his teachers but seeks their guidance in whatever he does. He
loves his friends. An ideal student is always good at his studies. He prepares his
lessons well. He helps his classmates in their studies. He tries to gather as much
knowledge as possible. He is regular and punctual at school. An ideal student form
good habits. He is truthful. He never deceives others. He never does anything which
might degrade him in the eyes of others. He has perfect control over himself. He is
never a slave to his senses. He avoids temptations and follows the path of duty. An
ideal student takes an active part in all the extra-curricular activities of the school.
There is not an item in the school programme in which he does not take an interest.
He is a good speaker. He takes an active part in the school debates and declamation
contests. An ideal student is a good organiser. He arranges matches. He captains his
team. He organises picnics and outings. There too he is the moving spirit. He
commands influence over all. His classmates look upon him as their leader. The
teachers seek his help in their routine class work. An ideal student never loses his
temper. He is never angry with other. He has a smile on his face. He gets his work
done by others through love and friendship. He is thoroughly responsible for all that
he does.
Early Rising
'Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise' – this is an
age-old saying. It has stood the test of time. Even in this modern world of hurry and
worry, this saying has retained its relevance. Early rising is good for health and there
is no doubt about it. Early rising is insisted upon in many religions. According to
those religions, early dawn is the most auspicious time for one to rise and meditate.
This is an act which refreshes both the mind and the body. Rising early, one can go
for a walk. Greenery will have a soothing effect not only on the eyes but also on the
mind. Doctors advise taking a morning walk as a remedy for many an ailment. Taking
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a morning walk, one really feels fresh and well prepared to meet the challenges of a
new day. Early rising is also good for one's mind. Early morning hours are the best
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time to study as one's mind becomes ready to act after a restful sleep. One's
retention power is also at its peak at this time. To acquire knowledge and become a
wise man, one should cultivate the habit of early rising. Early rising makes one
wealthy and prosperous too. It is said that the early bird catches the worm. This
means that those who wake up and get to work early will succeed. An early riser has
an alert mind which does not let go any opportunity. He puts his best into every
My School Library
Today education is no longer a system of cramming and filling a student’s mind with
information. It is now rather a process of self-discovery encouraging him to learn on
his own. It is said that what is taught is not caught but what is read remains. In this
context a school library has a significant role to play in the present-day educational
system. So, a school without a library is quite unthinkable these days. It must have
books on various subjects, newspapers, journals and magazines. My school also has a
big library. It is housed in a big hall. There are many almirahs in it. Each almirah has
books on one subject only. There is a card for every book. Books are arranged
according to their numbers. Every student applies for a card and gets it. The librarian
issues books against the card. No student can keep a book for more than fourteen
days. Defaulters are fined. On one side of the library hall there are long tables and
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benches. The students sit there and read books, newspapers, journals and magazines.
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Some students are seen taking down notes. Nobody is permitted to talk in the library
and disturb others. Every class has one library period once a week. The students go
to the library in that period and study. The library also has reference and text books.
They are meant for studying in the library only. The calm and quiet atmosphere of
the library helps the students to work attentively. The school librarian is a trained
and qualified person. He is also well-experienced. He gives advice to the students on
the choice of books. He is an expert in his work. He understands his duty well and is
A Railway Station
Rabindranath says in one of his later poems that the railway station shows that this
world is the handiwork of a painter, and not that of a blacksmith or artisan. A
railway station is one of the features of modern civilisation. It is a place which helps
railway passengers to get on or off a train. Every railway station is provided with a
time-chart for the arrival and departure of trains. It has its staff including the
station-master. The porters help passengers with their luggage. Railway stations
differ in size and importance. If anyone waits on a platform of a railway station for
some time, he will experience many strange events and interesting scenes happening
before his eyes like a movie. Usually the atmosphere is quiet and even sleepy when
trains are off. But with the arrival of a train the station suddenly bursts into life.
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Passengers walk about, porters hurry forward carrying loads of luggage, and
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hawkers shout their wares in various tunes. The ticket-checkers and the guards
become busy doing their functions. And then the train leaves, and the station again
becomes quiet. A railway station exercises a strange fascination on all of us. Children
gaze with wide-eyed wonder as a railway engine puffs its way into the station as did
Apu and Durga in 'Pather Panchali'. Grown-up people, particularly in the country-
side, gather on the platform to greet the incoming passengers or see off the outgoing
passengers. It is great fun to visit a railway station where one can have a sight of the
Air Pollution
The World Health Organization has defined air pollution as “the presence of
materials in the air in such concentration as is harmful to man and his environment.”
Humans are today exposed to air pollution of all kinds. They are thus affected by the
harmful effects of pollutants in the air they breathe. There are many causes of air
pollution. One of the major causes of air pollution is vehicular traffic. Vehicles are
run on fuel and the combustion of fuel leads to the exhaust of poisonous compounds.
The compounds include hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and sulfur
dioxide. Factories also contribute to air pollution. The smoke generated by factories
is let out into the air. Thus it pollutes the air that we breathe. Similarly, the burning
of fossil fuels, farm wastes and daily garbage leads to harmful smoke that
contaminates air. Construction activity also creates particulate matter that pollutes
air. Today we are witnessing high levels of air pollution that affect the health of man
and other creatures. People around the world are suffering from respiratory and
cardiac problems, and various other diseases are affecting other organs of the body.
Air pollution also causes cancer. Millions of people around the world die each year
due to air pollution. The gases that cause air pollution are also called the greenhouse
gases which have caused global warming and climate change that affect the earth and
its ecology.
Deforestation
Deforestation is the clearing of forests to satisfy various human needs. These needs
largely include the need to expand the agricultural land, increase the number of
residential colonies, set up new industries and derive various products from trees
and plants. While man is indulging in deforestation to meet the demands of the
growing population and to make life comfortable, this process is having several ill
effects on our environment. Deforestation has disrupted the water cycle as well as
the carbon cycle and thus been attributed to climate change which in turn is causing
numerous problems for humans as well as animals. Plants and trees inhale carbon
dioxide and release oxygen which is one of the essentials for the human survival.
Trees also absorb other harmful gases from the atmosphere thus making it cleaner.
Deforestation is leading to the loss of vast number of trees which in turn is leading to
an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and other poisonous gases in the
atmosphere. This has contributed a great deal to global warming. Forests also play a
significant role in managing the water cycle. Continuous felling of forests is leading
to disruption in the water cycle which is leading to erratic rainfalls in different
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fauna. Clearing away the forest lands is damaging the habitat of these innocent
creatures. Several species of animals and plants are dying each day due to the loss of
habitat and lack of food. Our planet needs to sustain rich biodiversity in order to
strike the environmental balance. Deforestation is thus creating an imbalance in the
environment. Hence, we see that there is a tremendous need to save our forests.
Deforestation has led us to the verge of destruction. If we do not stop it now we will
be destroying our environment further and it will be difficult for us to survive.