Coastal Surveys Data Processing

GD-3202 Hydrography II
Lecture Note

Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata

Coastal Zone Science and Engineering System Research Group
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology
Institute of Technology, Bandung
 Coastal Surveys
Hydro-oceanographic Survey
Bathymetry
Tides
Currents
Waves
Physical Water Properties

Sediment Transport Survey

Suspended, Bed-Surface and
Seabed Sediment Sampling

Water Quality Survey

Water Sampling
 Bathymetric Surveys

Bathymetric Data Processing

Transducer Draft, Settlement and Squat
Barcheck Calibration
Tidal Correction

Products
Map (Digital and Analog)
Tidal Analysis and Chart Datum

You can learn more detail about

bathymetric data processing in
GD-3103 Hydrography I
GD-4102 Hydrography II
 Tides
Parameters
Mean Sea Level
1.5 Mean Water Line
1.0
Sea Level Variations
Amplitude of Tidal
Water Level (m)

0.5
Constituents
0.0 Phase of Tidal Constituents
-0.5
Chart or Tidal Datum
Tidal Prediction
-1.0

-1.5
14-Sep 19-Sep 24-Sep 29-Sep 4-Oct 9-Oct 14-Oct
Data Processing
Time (Date) Tidal Analysis (39-hours,
Admiralty or Least Square
Method)
Tidal Prediction
 Tides
Data Presentation
Time Series
Table of Harmonic
Constituents
Co-tidal Chart
Co-range Chart
Tidal Datums

Data Analysis
Tidal Characteristics
Prediction
 Tides
Least Square Methods
Tidal equation as a sum of
some known simple waves

y (t )  Z 0   a i f i cos 2  i t  Vi  g i 
N

i 1
where ;
y(t) water level at time-t
Z0 mean sea level
ai amplitude of constituent-i
gi phase of constituent-i
σi frequency of constituent-i
fi and Vi astronomical argument of constituent-i
 Tides
Least Square Methods
Linearization of Tidal
Equation

y (t )  Z 0    C i cos2  i t  Vi   S i sin 2  i t  Vi  

N

i 1

1/ 2
 Ci  S i
2 2
  Si 
ai    g i  arctan 
 fi   Ci 
 Tides
y (0)  Z 0  C K 1 cos2 ( K 1.t0  VK 1   S K 1 sin2 ( K 1.t0  VK 1 
 CO1 cos2 ( O1.t0  VO1   SO1 sin2 ( O1.t0  VO1 
 CM 2 cos2 ( M 2 .t0  VM 2   S M 2 sin2 ( M 2 .t0  VM 2 
 CS 2 cos2 ( S 2 .t0  VS 2   S S 2 sin2 ( S 2 .t0  VS 2 
 ....
y (1)  Z 0  C K 1 cos2 ( K 1.t1  VK 1   S K 1 sin2 ( K 1.t1  VK 1 
 CO1 cos2 ( O1.t1  VO1   SO1 sin2 ( O1.t1  VO1 
 CM 2 cos2 ( M 2 .t1  VM 2   S M 2 sin2 ( M 2 .t1  VM 2 
 CS 2 cos2 ( S 2 .t1  VS 2   S S 2 sin2 ( S 2 .t1  VS 2 
 ....
....
y (n)  Z 0  C K 1 cos2 ( K 1.t n  VK 1   S K 1 sin2 ( K 1.t n  VK 1 
 CO1 cos2 ( O1.t n  VO1   SO1 sin2 ( O1.t n  VO1 
 CM 2 cos2 ( M 2 .t n  VM 2   S M 2 sin2 ( M 2 .t n  VM 2 
 CS 2 cos2 ( S 2 .t n  VS 2   S S 2 sin2 ( S 2 .t n  VS 2 
 ....
 Tides
Least Square Methods
Design Matrix

Z 0 
 y0  1 cos2  K 1t0  VK 1  sin2  K 1t0  VK 1  cos2  O1t0  VO1  sin2  O1t0  VO1  ...  C K 1 
 y  1 cos2  t  V  sin2  t  V  cos2  t  V  sin2  O1t1  VO1  ...   S K 1 
 1 K1 1 K1 K1 1 K1 O1 1 O1
. 
...  ...  CO1 
   
 yn  1 cos2  K 1t n  VK 1  sin2  K 1t n  VK 1  cos2  O1t n  VO1  sin2  O1t n  VO1  ...   SO1 
 
... 

Y  A. X
 Tides
Least Square Methods

Solution

ˆ  
1
X  A .P. A . A .P.Y
T T

If P = Identity Matrix

ˆ 1
X  A . A . A .Y
T T

 Tides
Attention !!!
fNyq

1
f nyq 
2t

Rayleigh Criterion


360
 
T
 Tides
Tidal Constituents
 Tides
Least Square Methods
Astronomic Arguments
 Tides
Least Square Methods
Astronomic Arguments

D = The number of day in sequence from January 1st

(1 January = 0, 2 January = 1; etc)
i = int [(Year – 1901)/4)]
T = {[365 x (Year – 1900)] + D + i}/3625
 Tides
K  O1 Tidal Characteristics
F  1
According to P. Vander
M 2  S2 Stock, 1897

Range Type Description

High and low tide are occurred twice

0 < F < 0.25 Semi Diurnal
in 24 hour

Twice high and low tide in 24 hour with

Mixed, Semi Diurnal
0.25 < F < 1.5 small different between the first and
Dominant
second tide
Twice high and low tide in 24 hour with
Mixed, Diurnal
1.5 < F < 3.0 extreme different between the first and
Dominant
second tide

F > 3.0 Diurnal Only one high and low tide in 24 hour
 Tides
Tidal Prediction
Tidal Constituents are Known
Astronomic Arguments are
Computed

y (t )  Z 0   a i f i cos 2  i t  Vi  g i 
N

i 1
 Currents
Parameters
Easting, Northing and
V
Vertical Components
Velocity (Magnitude)
Direction
Depth Averaged Velocity
Depth Averaged Direction
Dominant direction
 Dominant forcing factor

U
 Currents
Data Processing
Trigonometric and
Geometric Method V
Statistical Method

de
(max, min, mean, std, etc)

tu
ni
ag
M


U
 Currents
Data Processing
Time to Frequency Domain
(Fast Fourier Transform)
 Currents
Data Presentation
Time Series
 Currents
Data Presentation
Vectors
 Currents
Data Presentation
Contour Plot
 Currents
Data Presentation
Current Rose

Current Velocity
(m/s)
 Currents
Data Analysis
Statistical Analysis
 Currents
Data Analysis
Correlation between
currents and tide  tidal
current
Correlation between
currents and non-tidal
factor (winds, sea surface
topography, etc)  non-tidal
current
 Currents
Data Analysis
Dominant forcing
factor (tidal or
non-tidal current)
 Waves
Parameters
Wave Height
Wave Period
Wave Length
Wave Direction

Data Processing
Wave Count 
Up/Down Zero
Crossing
Statistical Analysis
Signal Analysis
 Waves
Data Presentation
- Time Series
- Tables of Statistical
Parameters
 Waves
Data Analysis
Statistical Analysis
Wind-Ocean
Interaction Analysis
Prediction (Return
Period)
Physical Water Properties
Parameters
Salinities
Temperatures
Turbidity

Data Processing
Direct Sampling
Laboratory Works

Data Presentation
Time Series
Spatial Map
 Physical Water Properties

Data Analysis
Correlation between each
parameter
Correlation of each parameter
with tidal and current
Air Sea Interaction