Components of a task: goal, input, activities, teacher role, learner

role and setting.

Task: a piece of meaning-focused work involving learners in comprehending, producing
and/or interacting in the target language.

Reciprocal (it involves interaction) and non-reciprocal listening (the transfer or

information is in one direction only).

We do not simply take language in like a tape-recorder but interpret what we hear
according to our purpose in listening and our background knowledge.

Successful listening involves: interpreting rhythm, stress and intonation to identify

information focus and emotional/attitude tone.

An example of a real-world task might be.