FTP:

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is the protocol used for exchanging files over internet.
FTP uses the internet TCP/IP protocols to enable data transfer. FTP uses a client-server
architecture, often secured with SSL/TLS. FTP promotes sharing of files via remote computers with
reliable and efficient data transfer. File Transfer Protocol is also known as RFC 959.
In other words, The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the transfer
of computer files between a client and server on a computer network.

Users provide authentication using a sign-in protocol, usually a username and password, however
some FTP servers may be configured to accept anonymous FTP logins where you don't need to
identify yourself before accessing files. Most often, FTP is secured with SSL/TLS.

FTP sessions work in passive or active modes. In active mode, after a client initiates a session via a
command channel request, the server initiates a data connection back to the client and begins
transferring data. In passive mode, the server instead uses the command channel to send the client
the information it needs to open a data channel. Because passive mode has the client initiating all
connections, it works well across firewalls and Network Address Translation (NAT) gateways.

Files can be transferred between two computers using FTP software. The user's computer is called
the local host machine and is connected to the Internet. The second machine, called the remote
host, is also running FTP software and connected to the Internet.
 The local host machine connects to the remote host's IP address.
 The user would enter a username/password (or use anonymous).
 FTP software may have a GUI, allowing users to drag and drop files between the remote and local
host. If not, a series of FTP commands are used to log in to the remote host and transfer files
between the machines.

FTP is most commonly used to download a file from a server using the Internet or to upload a file to a
server (e.g., uploading a web page file to a Web server).

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a client/server protocol used for transferring files to or exchanging
files with a host computer. It may be authenticated with user names and passwords. Anonymous
FTP allows users to access files, programs and other data from the Internet without the need for a
user ID or password. Web sites are sometimes designed to allow users to use 'anonymous' or 'guest'
as a user ID and an email address for a password. Publicly available flies are often found in a
directory called pub and can be easily FTPed to a user’s computer. FTP is also the Internet standard
for moving or transferring files from one computer to another using TCP or IP networks.
File Transfer Protocol is also known as RFC 959.
The original FTP specification was written by Abhay Bhushan and published as RFC 114 on April 16,
1971. This was later replaced by RFC 765 (June 1980). The current specification is RFC 959
(October 1985). RFC stands for request for comments.

The first FTP client applications used the DOS command prompt with standardized commands and
syntax. Since then, many graphical user interface (GUI) clients have been developed within
operating systems, making it easier for the user to upload and download files.

There are various uses for and types of FTP:

1. An FTP site is a web site where users can easily upload or download specific files.
2. FTP by mail allows users without access to the Internet to access and copy files
using anonymous FTP by sending an email message to ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com and
putting the word help in the body of the text.
3. FTP Explorer is an FTP client based on Windows 95 file manager (Windows 95
Explorer).
4. An FTP server is a dedicated computer which provides an FTP service. This invites
hackers and necessitates security hardware or software such as utilizing usernames,
passwords and file access control.
5. An FTP client is a computer application which accesses an FTP server. While doing
so, users should block incoming FTP connection attempts using passive mode and
should check for viruses on all downloaded files.