Business and Islamic Ethics

Ethics is defined as the set of moral principles that distinguish what is right from what is
wrong. Islam places the highest emphasis on ethical values in all aspects of human life. If all of us
keep adhere to Islamic teachings then all of our problems will solve automatically.

Type of Religious
 Monotheistic Religious
Judaism, Christianity and Islam, the three major monotheistic religions, all originated in
what is known today as the Arab World. Monotheism literally means "the belief in only
one God". The central values of family, charity, and respect for others are shared by these
three religions.
1. Judaism
Judaism is the original of the three Abraham faiths, which also includes Christianity and Islam.
According to information published by The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute, there were
around 13.1 million Jewish people in the world in 2007, most residing in the USA and Israel.
According to the 2001 census 267,000 people in the UK said that their religious identity was Jewish,
about 0.5% of the population.

 Judaism originated in the Middle East over 3500 years ago

 Judaism was founded by Moses, although Jews trace their history back to Abraham.
 Jews believe that there is only one God with whom they have a covenant.
 In exchange for all the good that God has done for the Jewish people, Jewish people keep God’s
laws and try to bring holiness into every aspect of their lives.
 Judaism has a rich history of religious text, but the central and most important religious document
is the Torah.
 Jewish traditional or oral law, the interpretation of the laws of the Torah, is called halakhah.
 Spiritual leaders are called Rabbis.
 Jews worship in Synagogues.
 6 million Jews were murdered in the Holocaust in an attempt to wipe out Judaism.
There are many people who identify themselves as Jewish without necessarily believing in, or
observing, any Jewish law.

2. Christianity
Belief in God the Father, Jesus Christ as the Son of God, and the Holy Spirit. The death, descent
into hell, resurrection and ascension of Christ. The holiness of the Church and the communion of
saints. Christ's second coming, the Day of Judgment and salvation of the faithful.
God the Father is a title given to God in various religions, most prominently in Christianity. In
mainstream Trinitarian Christianity, God the Father is regarded as the first person of the Trinity
followed by the second person God the Son (Jesus Christ) and the third person God the Holy
Spirit.
 A sacred language is the particular language of a body of revelation. The Christian scripture is
written in multiple languages and is not preferred in any one language, so Christianity does not
have a sacred language in the same way that Hebrew is sacred to Judaism or Arabic to Islam.
3. Islamic
Islam (Arabic: ‫اإلسالم‬, Al-Islam (Submission) is a monotheistic religion that was founded in the 7th
century CE by Muhammad. All of its teachings and beliefs are written out in the Quran (also
spelled Qur'an or Koran), the holy scripture of Islam.
According to tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca around the year 570.
His family belonged to the Quraysh. When he was about forty years old he began receiving what
Muslims regard as divine revelations delivered through the angel Gabriel, which would later
form the Quran.
 Polytheistic religious
Today, polytheism is noted for being part of Hinduism, Mahayana Buddhism, Confucianism,
Taoism, Shintoism, as well as contemporary tribal religions in Africa and the Americas
These days, you're more likely to be part of a monotheistic religion (like Christianity,
Judaism, or Islam), but there are many polytheistic faiths too — religions that worship a
group of gods, often called a pantheon. Hinduism is polytheistic, and so were ancient Greek
and Scandinavian religions.
 Atheist
Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less
broadly, atheism is the rejection of belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense,
atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities
Diagoras of Melos (5th century BC): Ancient Greek poet and sophist known as the Atheist of
Milos, who declared that there were no Gods. Denis Diderot (1713–84)

Source of Knowledge in Islam

 Quran
Muslims believe the Quran to be the book of divine guidance revealed from God to
Muhammad S.A.W through the angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years and view as God's
final revelation to humanity. As the Quran says, "With the truth we (God) have sent it down
and with the truth it has come down."
Unit of Quran
A Surah is the term for a chapter of the Quran. There are 114 surahs In the Quran, each
divided into verses. Except for surah At-Tawba, all chapters or suras commence with 'In
the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate'.
 Sunnah
The Sunnah is also defined as "a path, a way, a manner of life"; "all the traditions and
practices" of the Islamic prophet that "have become models to be followed" by Muslims. In
the pre-Islamic period, the word surrah was used with the meaning "manner of acting",
whether good or bad.
Action + saying compited = Sunnah
 Consensus
In Islamic jurisprudence, qiyas (Arabic: ‫ )قياس‬is the process of deductive analogy in which the
teachings of the Hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the Qur'an, in order to
apply a known injunction to a new circumstance and create a new injunction.
Physical or mental effort, expended in a particular activity) is an Islam legal term referring to
independent reasoning or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a
 solution to a legal question. ... An Islamic scholar who is qualified to perform ijtihad is called
a mujtahid
Type of knowledge
1. Knowledge for Luxury
Those type of knowledge, in which to earn money or profit by the skills like
pilots, Dr., engineer etc
2. Knowledge for knowledge
Those knowledge in which we work for the mentally satisfaction not for the money
called knowledge for knowledge

3. Knowledge for Allah

Historically, Sufis have often belonged to different ṭuruq or "orders" congregations formed
around a grand master referred to as a wali who traces a direct chain of successive
teachers back to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.These orders meet for spiritual sessions
(majalis) in meeting places known as zawiyas, khanqahs. They strive for ihsan (perfection of
worship), as detailed in a hadith: "Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him; if you can't see
Him, surely He sees you.Sufis regard Muhammad as al-Insān al-Kāmil, the primary perfect
man who exemplifies the morality of God, and see him as their leader and prime spiritual
guide.
Knowledge
Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something,
such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through
experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning. Knowledge can refer
to a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject
State of knowledge
 Storage
In which we have to store the data is the process of storing and recalling information that
was previously acquired. Memory occurs through three fundamental stages: encoding,
storage, and retrieval. Storing refers to the process of placing newly acquired information
into memory, which is modified in the brain for easier storage. Encoding this information
makes the process of retrieval easier for the brain where it can be recalled and brought into
conscious thinking.
 Memory
Memory is the faculty of the brain by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved
when needed.
 Practice
Knowledge is constructive for a person whose intention is none other than to approach Allah. At this
point, it is worth mentioning the advice of the late Ayatollah Behjat which he would give to his
students: “Whoever acts on what he knows, Allah will teach him what he does not know.” In other
words, the process of acquiring knowledge continues on its own when synchronized with practice.