Part Two

Flow rate of water through the system = 150 mL/min

Table 8-2 time Vs Conductiviy

Conductivity (mhos), in
Time (min) Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 3
0.5 2.4 2.4 2.4
1 2.3 2.4 2.4
1.5 2.2 2.4 2.4
2 2.1 2.4 2.5
2.5 2 2.35 2.5
3 1.9 2.3 2.5
3.5 1.7 2.2 2.5
4 1.6 2.2 2.6
4.5 1.5 2.2 2.6
5 1.4 2.1 2.5
5.5 1.3 2 2.5
6 1.2 2 2.5
6.5 1.2 1.9 2.45
7 1.1 1.9 2.4
7.5 1 1.8 2.4
8 0.9 1.7 2.3
8.5 0.85 1.65 2.3
9 0.8 1.6 2.25
9.5 0.6 1.4 2.1
10 0.6 1.4 2.1
10.5 0.5 1.3 2
11 0.5 1.2 2
11.5 0.45 1.2 1.9
12 0.4 1.1 1.9
12.5 0.4 1 1.8
13 0.4 1 1.7
13.5 0.35 0.95 1.7
14 0.35 0.95 1.6
14.5 0.3 0.9 1.6
15 0.3 0.8 1.4
15.5 0.3 0.8 1.4
16 0.3 0.7 1.3
16.5 0.25 0.7 1.3
17 0.25 0.6 1.2
17.5 0.2 0.6 1.1
18 0.2 0.6 1
18.5 0.2 0.4 0.95
19 0.2 0.4 0.9
 19.5 0.15 0.3 0.8
20 0.15 0.3 0.7
20.5 0.1 0.25 0.6
21 0.1 0.2 0.5
21.5 0.1 0.2 0.5
22 0.1 0.2 0.4
22.5 0.1 0.15 0.4
23 0.1 0.15 0.3
23.5 0.1 0.15 0.3
24 0.1 0.15 0.3
24.5 0.1 0.1 0.2
25 0.1 0.1 0.2
25.5 0.1 0.1 0.15
26 0.1 0.1 0.15
26.5 0.1 0.1 0.15
27 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chart Title
3.5

2.5

1.5 y = -0.0511x + 2.4813

y = -0.0545x + 2.9922
1

0.5 y = -0.0394x + 1.7533

0
2.5

19.5
0.5
1.5

3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.5
15.5
16.5
17.5
18.5

20.5
21.5
22.5
23.5
24.5
25.5
-0.5 26.5

-1

Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 3 Linear (Tank 3)

Linear (Tank 2 ) Linear (Tank 1) Linear (Tank 1)

Figure 8-2 Time Vs Conductivity

From table 2, the delay time for the first tank increases with time since it after enough time is
almost full with the salt ions, on the other hand for the third tank the delay time of ions into de-
ionized water decreases with time, it means that the delay time is inversely proportional to the
flow rates.
 Conclusions:
• The conductivity in general for all three tanks increases with temperature.
• The concentration of the salt increases with time due to the increasing in ions.
• The conductivity of the first tank is the highest since its position according to the
salt flow.
• The delay time for the first tank is increasesing with time, While it is
decreasing for the third one.
• The stirrer is used to provide adequate agitation whitin the vessels.
• The conductivity of the de-ionized water is zero.

Recommendations:

• Use clean tanks without any salt traces.

• Make sure to switch only pump A at the first part.
• Be accurate when taking time intervals.
• Be careful when switching between tanks.
• Be accurate as possible when monitor the conductivity of the liquid in each tank.
Appendices (Sample of calculations) :

For the first tank :

1000 𝑘 𝐺
𝐶=
𝐿
Where; C: Concentration of the dissolved salts (mol/L)
k: the conductivity cell const = 0.3
G : Conductance of the solution (mho)
L: the equivalent conductance=130 (cm2.mho/mol)
At ,
t= 30 s
G=0.4 mho
1000 × 0.3 × 0.4
𝐶=
150
= 0.8 mol/ L
Delay time:
𝑡
𝐶(𝑡) = 𝐶𝐴0 × (1 − 𝑒 −𝜏 )
𝑑𝐶(𝑡) 𝐶𝐴0 −𝑡
= 𝑒 𝜏
𝑑𝑡 𝜏
For tank 1 , the slope from Fig.8-1 is 0.0657
𝑑𝐶(𝑡)
= 0.0657
𝑑𝑡
Then, 𝜏 =13.49806 𝑠𝑒𝑐.
For the second and third tanks follow the above procedure.