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Chemistry Perfect Score Module 2010 Answer Scheme
Chemistry Perfect Score Module 2010 Answer Scheme
(e) ion 1
(f) (i) T1 1
(ii) Heat absorbed by the particles/molecules is used to overcome the attraction forces
between the particles/molecules in solid naphthalene. 1
……8
o
2 (a) T C 1
(b) t2 1
(c) Heat energy released to the surroundings is balanced by the heat release as the particles
attract one another to form a solid 1
(d) (i) molecules 1
(ii)
P R
1+1
(e) (i) liquid and solid 1
(ii) Solid 1
(f) Sublimation 1
…….9
(b)
1
(c) 1. Label and unit of axes X and Y 1
2. Scale and size of graph 1
3. Transfer point 1
4. Correct and smooth curve 1
O
(d) (i) Melting point is shown on the graph at 80 C 1
(ii) Melting point is the temperature at which solid change to liquid 1
(e) Heat absorbed by the particles/molecules is used to overcome the attraction forces
between the particles/molecules in solid naphthalene. 1
……
10
4 (a) A representation of a chemical substance using letters for atoms and subscripts for each
type of atoms present in the substance. 1
Example:
Mg + HCl → MgCl2 + H2
(c) Flow the hydrogen gas into the combustion tube for a few minutes to remove air 1
before heating metal oxide
CuO 1
...11
Example:
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
2
(b) (i)
1
Empirical formula is MO2 1
(ii) Correct formula of reactant and product 1
Balance equation 1
Example:
MO2 + 2H2 M + 2H2O
(c) Flow the hydrogen gas into the combustion tube for a few minutes to remove air 1
before heating metal oxide //
Allow flow of hydrogen gas into the combustion tube during cooling
(d) No. 1
Magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen. 1
…13
6 (a) The chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of the number of atoms
of each type of elements in the compound 1
(iii) MgO. 1
Example:
2Mg + O2 2MgO
(c) To allow oxygen to enter the crucible for complete combustion to occur. 1
(d) Functional apparatus 1
Label 1
X oxide
Dry
hydrogen
gas
→
(e) Collect the gas in a test tube.Place a burning wooden splinter at the mouth of the test tube.
No pop sound. 1
Heat
…..10
3
7 (a) (i) 2.6 1
(ii) Period : 2 1
Group : 16 1
(b) (i) 9 1
(ii) 10 1
(iii) 19
P 1
9
(iv) 1. Element Q is more reactive than element R. 1
2. The size of atom Q is smaller tha atom R 1
3. The attraction forces between nucleus and valence electron of atom Q is stronger 1
than atom R
4. it is easier for atom Q to receive valence electron compare to atom R. 1
(d)
1+1
P C P
….14
8 (a) 2.8.2 1
(b) (i) Ionic bond 1
2+
(ii) 1. Atom X releases 2 electrons to form X ion 1
2. achieve octet electron arrangement 1
(iii) Each ion drawn correctly
2+ 2-
X Y
R
(iv) Has high melting and boiling point// Conduct electricity in aqueous solution and 1
molten state // Soluble in water // insoluble in organic solvent
(c) (i) ZY2 1
(ii) 12 + 2(16) // 44 1
……9
4
(f) X 1
Atom X has achieved octet electron arrangement 1
Example:
2R + U2 → 2RU
(h) 1. form coloured ions 1
2. has more than one oxidation number
3. as catalyst
4. form complex ions
[ any one] …..13
(d)
Q
Q T Q
Q
1 st mark: - showing the sharing of electrons and correct number of 1
electrons in each shell
2 nd mark – correct label and correct number of electron pairs being 1
shared
(e) low melting point & boiling point // does not conduct electricity 1
TOTAL 9
5
11 (a) (i) 2.8.1 1
(ii) Period : 2 1
Group : 16 1
(b) (i) Ionic 1
(ii)
+ 2- +
P Q P
R
S
(c)
S R S
S
OR
1. The melting point of compound (b) is high
2. The melting point of compound (c) is low
3. Ions in compound (b) are attracted by strong electrostatic forces
4. molecules in compound (c) are attracted by weak van der Waals forces
….12
6
12 (a) Q 1
(b)(i) Ion 1
(b)(ii) solid state : Ions are not freely moving// ions are in a fixed position. 1
molten state : Ion can move freely 1
(c)(i) R : Gas 1
T : Liquid 1
(c)(ii)
1
(ii)
Similarities Differences
1. having the same proton number// 1. different in the number of neutrons //
Same number of electrons different in the nucleon number
2. having the same valence electron// 2. different in physical properties
having the same chemical properties
4
(b) (i) 1. Nucleus contains 6 proton and 6 neutron 1
2. Electrons move around the nucleus 1
3. Two shells are filled with electrons 1
4. There are 6 valence electron// electron arrangement is 2.6 1
…….4
(ii)
Comparison Diagram P Q
Proton number 6 6
Number of valence electron 4 4
Chemical properties similar similar
Number of neutron//nucleon number 6//12 7//13
Physical properties different different
Standard representation of element different different
Any four 4
Temperature/ ◦ C
100
71
60
Time/s
7
(ii) 1 Substance X in both solid and liquid state 1
2. heat energy is released 1
3. kinetic energy of particles decreases 1
4. They are closer to each other // Attraction force between the particles
become stronger 1……4
20
14 (a) 1. Number of mole in 16 g of oxygen = 16/32 // 0.05 mole 1
-3 -3
2. Volume occupied by 16 g of oxygen = 0.05 mole x 24 dm // 12 dm 1
3. Number of mole in 22 g of CO2 = 22/44 // 0.05 mole 1
-3 -3
4. Volume occupied by 22g of CO2 = 0.05 moles x 24 dm // 12 dm 1…..4
(b) Element C H N O
Mass /g 0.48 0.05 0.28 0.16
1
Number of 0.48/12 0.05/1 0.28/14 0.16/16
mole //0.04 //0.05 //0.02 //0.01 1
20
(b) (i) Formula that show simplest ratio number of atoms of each element in
compound 1
8
(ii) 1. Relative molecular mass for n(CH2O) = 180 // 1
12n + 2n + 16n = 180
2. n = 6 1
3. C6H12O6 1 ....4
(c) (i)
Element Fe Cl
1. Mass/g 2.80 5.32 1
2. No. of moles 2.80/56 = 0.05 5.32/35.5 = 0.15 1
3. Ratio of moles/ 0.05/0.05 = 1 0.15/0.05 = 3 1
Simplest ratio
20
16 (a) Formula that shows the simplest ratio of the number of atoms for each element in
the compound. 1…1
(b)
Element C H
Mass (%) 92.3 7.7 1
Number of 92.3 7 .7
= 7.7 = 7.7 1
moles 12 1
Ratio of moles 1 1 1
Empirical formula : CH
RMM of (CH)n = 78
[ 12 + 1]n = 78
1
13 n = 78
n = 6
1…5
Molecular formula : C6H6
(c) Procedure:
1. Clean magnesium ribbon with sand paper 1
2. Weigh crucible and its lid 1
3. Put magnesium ribbon into the crucible and weigh the crucible with its lid 1
4. Heat strongly the crucible without its lid 1
5. Cover the crucible when the magnesium starts to burn and lift/raise the lid a 1
little at intervals
6. Remove the lid when the magnesium burnt completely 1
7. Heat strongly the crucible for a few minutes 1
8. Cool and weigh the crucible with its lid and the content 1
9. Repeat the processes of heating, cooling and weighing until a constant mass 1
is obtained
Record all the mass
9
10. Results:
Mass/g 1
Crucible + lid x
Crucible + lid + magnesium y 1
Crucible + lid + magnesium oxide z 1
Calculations:
1
Empirical formula: MgaOb / MgO
1
Element Mg O
Mass (g) y-x z-y Max
yx zy 12
Number of moles
24 16
Simplest ratio of moles a b
1
Q
Q Q
R
10
(c) For group 1 elements,
1. Going down the group ,atomic size increases
2. the valence electron becomes further away from the nucleus
3. Forces of attraction between nucleus and the valence electron 1
becomes weaker.
1
4. It is easier for the atom to donate / release the valence electrons.
5. The reactivity increases down the group
1
For Group 17 elements ,
6. Atomic size increases when descending the group 1
7. the valence electrons become further away from nucleus.
8. Forces of attraction between the protons / nucleus and the
valence electrons become weaker 1
9. It is more difficult for the atom to accept /gain/receive electrons.
1
8.The reactivity decreases down the Group 1
1
max 8
Total 20
18 (a) (i) Atom Y : 2.8.7 1
Atom Z : 2.8.8.1 1
Group 17 1
Because atom Y has 7 valence electron 1
Period 3 1
Because atom Y has three shells occupied with electrons 1….6
11
9-atom R and atom Q share electrons 1
10 - atom R contributes 4 electrons and atom Q contributes one
electron 1
11- one atom R and 4 atom Q share 4 pairs of electrons
12- to form covalent compound with the formula RQ4 / diagram
1Max 10
PAPER 3
STRUCTURE
Explanation Score
Temperature / ° C
95 x
x
90
x
80.0
x x x
Freezing
x
point
70 x
60
12
d(i) Suggested Answer
The constant temperature at which liquid becomes a solid 3
20 (a)
Observation Inference
(i) White fume is released (i) Magnesium oxide is formed
(ii) White solid is formed/The mass of crucible (ii) Magnesium reacts with oxygen
and its content increases.
(b) The mass of crucible and lid = 25.35 g.
The mass of crucible, lid and magnesium ribbon =27.75 g.
The mass of crucible, lid and magnesium oxide when cooled = 29.35g
(c) (i) The mass of Mg= (27.75 -25.35)g =2.40g
(ii) The mass of O2=(29.35-27.75)=1.60 g
(iii) The number of moles Mg=0.1 mole
The number of moles O = 0.1 mole
The ratio of Mg : O = 1 : 1
The empirical formula is MgO.
(d) 0.1 mole of Mg reacts with 0.1 mole of O/1 mole of Mg reacts with 1 mole of O
21 (a) Able to predict the manipulated variable, the Able to state how to control the manipulated
responding variable and the constant variable variables correctly
completely.
Manipulated variable :
metals of Group 1 elements // sodium, lithium, Repeat the experiment by using the metals of
potassium. sodium, lithium and potassium
Suggested answer: The reactivity of Group 1 elements increases going down the group.
21(c) Able to arrange correctly the reactivity series of the metals according to descending order.
Answer: potassium, sodium, lithium
21 (d) Able to classify the ions correctly.
[to name or write all the formula of the ions correctly at the cations and anions group.]
Answer: positive ion/ cation : sodium ion/ Na+, hydrogen ion/ H+
Negative ion/anion : hydroxide ion/ OH-
Paper 3: Essay
13
22(a) [Able to state the aim of experiment accurately] 3
To compare the reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium based on the
reaction with water and describing the effect of the solution towards the red
litmus paper.
22(b) Hypothesis 3
Metals of lithium, sodium and potassium show different rate of reactivity with
water and the solution formed turns red litmus paper to blue.
22(c) Variables
a) Manipulated variable :type of metals 3
b) Responding variable : reactivity of reaction
c) Constant variable : water and temperature
22(d) [Able to list the correct and complete substances and apparatus.] 3
Substances and Apparatus
Lithium, sodium and potassium metals with water, basin, knife, forceps, blue
litmus paper and white tile.
22(e) [Able to give all the procedures correctly, steps 1 - 7] 3
1. Lithium metal is cut into a small piece
2. The paraffin oil on the surface of the metal is wiped with the filter.
3. A basin is filled with water.
4. Lithium metal is put on the surface of the water with a pair of forceps.
5. Reactivity of the reaction is observed and recorded.
6. The experiment is repeated with sodium and potassium metals.
22(f) [Able to show the accurate tabulation of data with correct title.] 2
Metals Observations
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
14
SET 2
1 (a) Electrolysis is a process whereby an electrolyte is decomposed to its
constituent elements when electric current passes through it. 1
2+ -
(b) Pb / lead(II) ions , Br / bromide ions 1
(c ) electrical to chemical 1
2+
(c) (i) Mg / magnesium ion 1
2+
(ii) Mg → Mg + 2e 1
(b)
e G e
e e
Electrode P Electrode Q
Potassium iodide
Chlorine water
solution
Cl2 + 2e 2Cl
-
(e) 1
(g) 0 to -1 1
10
(ii) M , Zn , N 1
10
5 (a) (i) Mg /Zn / [ any suitable metal ] 1
MgSO4 / ZnSO4 / [ any suitable solution ] 1
(b) (i) Z Y X W 1
(ii) X 1
X below Z in the electrochemical series//
X less electropositive than Z 1
0.6 V 1….
4
(c ) Observation on the electrolyte
Experiment I
2+
The concentration of Cu ions decrease 1
Copper ions discharge to form copper atom at cathode 1
2+
Cu + 2e → Cu 1
Experiment II
2+
The concentration of Cu ions unchanged 1
2+
The rate of Cu ions discharge at cathode is the same the rate
of copper ions formed at anode. 1
16
Observation at anode
Experiment I
-
OH ions discharge to form oxygen gas 1
- 2-
OH ion lower than SO 4 ion in electrochemical series. 1
-
4OH → 2H2O + O2 + 4e 1
Experiment II
2+
Copper ionise to form Cu ions 1
2+
Cu→ Cu + 2e
1…10
20
6 (a) Reaction II 1
Oxidation number of magnesium changes from 0 to +2,
Oxidation number of zinc changes from +2 to 0 1
No change in oxidation number for each elements in 1
reaction I
1…4
Test tube Q:
The solution changes colour from colourless to yellow/brown. 1
- -
2I + Cl2 I2 + 2Cl
Correct formulae of reactants and products
Balance equation 1
1…6
(c ) Experiment I
Reaction between carbon and oxide of metal P occurs 1
Experiment II
Reaction between carbon and oxide of metal Q does not occur 1
Experiment III
Reaction between carbon and oxide of metal R occurs. 1
Carbon is more reactive than metal R 1
17
+
7 (a) 2H + 2e H2
Correct formulae of reactants and product 1 2
Balanced 1
(b) Properties Cell A Cell B
1. Type of cell Voltaic cell Electrolytic cell
2. Energy change Chemical electrical Electrical chemical 1
3. Electrodes Positive terminal: Anode: Copper 1
Copper Cathode: Copper
Negative terminal: 1
Magnesium
2+ 2- + - 2+ 2- + -
4. Ions in electrolyte Cu , SO4 , H and OH Cu , SO4 , H and OH
ions ions
5. Half equation Positive terminal: Anode: 1
2+ 2+
Cu + 2e Cu Cu Cu + 2e
Negative terminal Cathode: 1
2+ 2+
Mg Mg + 2e Cu + 2e Cu
6. Observation Positive terminal: Anode: 1
Copper plate becomes Copper
thicker dissolves//become 1
thinner
Magnesium becomes Cathode:
thinner/dissolve Copper becomes thicker 1 8
(c) Chemicals
silver plate , Silver nitrate solution
1
Procedure:
1. Iron ring is connected to the negative plate on the battery while the silver
plate is connected to the positive terminal of the battery//Iron ring is made as 1
cathode while silver plate is made as anode 1
2. Both plates are immersed into the silver nitrate solution. 1
3. The circuit is completed
Diagram
18
8 (a) (i) Sampel answer.
2+
Mg → Mg + 2e // any suitable equation 1
Metal / magnesium atom lose electron // metal / magnesium is oxidized
1…2
(ii) Experiment I
2+
Iron nail is oxidized to form Fe ions 1
Metal P speeds up the process of rusting 1
Because iron is more electropositive than P 1
2+
Dark blue precipitate indicates the presence of Fe ions 1
Experiment II
Metal Q is oxidized to form Q ions 1
Because metal Q is more electropositive than iron 1
-
Water and oxygen accept electron to become OH ions //
- -
4OH → 2H2O + OH + 4e 1
-
Pink colour of solution indicate the presence of OH ions 1
Arrangement : metal Q , iron , metal P. 1
Any 8….8
20
19
[Able to state the inference based on the observation correctly]
9(c)
Example:
Test tube W X Y Z
Inferences The iron The iron The iron The iron 3
nail does nail does nail rust nail rust a
not rust not rust quickly little
9(d)
[Able to write the balanced half equations correctly ]
Example:
Oxidation: Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e 3
-
Reduction: O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH
9(e) Example: 3
Rusting of iron is the formation of blue colouration when iron is in contact
with less electropositive metals or without contact with other metals.
9(f) [Able to classify all the three metals correctly]
Sample answer:
The higher the metal in reactivity series, the brighter the flame /
glow produced // 3
The higher the metal in reactivity series, the reactivity of the metal
increases.
Able to state three variables and the way to control them correctly:
10(b) Sample answer:
(i) Manipulated variable
Type of metals
Sample answer:
Metal that burns brightly when reacts with oxygen is the most
reactive metal //
3
Metal that glows faintly when reacts with oxygen is the least
reactive metal
20
10(d) Able to state one observation accurately
Sample answer:
3
Brown solid when hot, yellow solid when cold
Sample answer:
Magnesium is the most reactive metal
3
Sample answer:
Copper, lead, zinc, magnesium 3
Question
Rubric Score
number
10(g) Able to predict the position of iron in the reactivity series of metals
accurately
Answer: 3
Between zinc and lead
10(h) Able to explain the relationship between the time to light up and
the reactivity of metal accurately
Sample answer:
3
Magnesium is more reactive than zinc //
Zinc is less reactive than magnesium
10(i) Able to make the classification of more reactive metals and less
reactive metals when reacts with oxygen accurately
Sample answer:
3
More reactive metals : Magnesium, zinc
Less reactive metals : Lead, copper
10(j)(i) Able to record the masses accurately in two decimal places with
unit
Answer:
14.63g 3
17.03g
18.63g
Answer:
Description Mass (g)
Crucible + lid 14.63
Crucible + lid + magnesium 17.03
Crucible + lid + magnesium oxide 18.63
21
11. (a) - Statement of the problem
Score Rubric
[ Able to give the statement of problem correctly ]
3 Example :
How is the effect on rusting of iron when iron is in contact with another metals?
(b) - variables
Score Rubric
[ Able to state All variables correctly ]
Suggested answer :
3 Manipulated variable : Different types of metals// Different metals
Responding variable : Rate of rusting // Rusting of iron
Constant variable : Iron nails/temperature
(c) - hypothesis
Score Rubric
3 [Able to give the hypothesis accurately]
Suggested answer :
When a more electropositive metal is in contact with iron, the metal inhibits rusting //
When a less electropositive metal is in contact with iron, the metal speed up rusting //
Iron rusts faster when in contact with metal less electropositive
(d) - Apparatus and materials
Score Rubric
[ Able to give the list of the apparatus and substances correctly and completely]
Suggested answer :
Apparatus : Five test tubes, test tube rack
3 Materials : sand paper, five iron nails, magnesium strip, zinc strip, tin strip, copper
strip, hot agar-agar/jelly solution mixed with potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution
and phenolphthalein indicator
Example :
2 Test tube A B C D E
Intensity of
blue colour
Intensity of
pink colour
22
Question Rubric Skor
No.
12(a) [Able to write the statement of the problem accurately.]
Sample answer:
3
Does the difference in the position of two metals in the
Electrochemical Series causes the difference in the voltage?
I
II
III
23
Set 3
2 a. (i) Red 1
(ii) Yellow 1
(iii) Orange 1
3
b. 15.00 cm 1
c (i) H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2H2O 1
+ -
(ii) H + OH H2O 1
-3
d. 0.1 x 20 = 2 Ma = 0.067 mol dm
Ma x 15.00 1 1
e. (i) Yellow 1
(ii) Red 1
3
f. 30 cm 1
10
3
a. Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 2H2O + BaSO4
reactants & product correct – 1, balanced -1 2
b. Neutralisation / double decomposition 1
c. - Methyl orange indicator changes from yellow to orange 1
- White precipitate formed 1
d. (i) The titration has achieved the end-point /
there is no more free moving ions present in the beaker 1
(ii) Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 2H2O + BaSO4
Mb= 0.2M Ma=1.0M
3 3
Vb= 50 cm Va= x cm
MaVa = 1 1.0M(x) = 1 1
MbVb 1 0.2M(50) 1
x = 10 cm3 1
Ammeter
e. (i) reading/ A
0
5 Volume of sulphuric acid added/
Correct shape - 1 cm3
Correct volume indicated and ammeter reading not reaching zero 1 2
4 (a) Neutralisation 1
(b) To ensure all nitric acid is completely reacted 1
(c) ZnO + 2HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + H2O 1
(d)
zinc oxide
[functional apparatus] 1
[label] 1
(e) Number mole of nitric acid = 2(50) = 0.1 mol 1
1000
Mass of salt = 0.1 x 189 = 9.45 g 1
1
(f) Zinc carbonate, 1
Zinc 1
10
1.5__________
Ι
Ι
Ι
Ι
3
1.5 Volume of sodium chloride (cm )
9 (a) Heat released when 1 mole of silver is displaced from its salt solution by
copper metal. 1
(b) Silvery solid formed// Colourless solution of silver nitrate becomes
blue// Amount of copper powder decreases 1
+
(c) (i) No. of moles of Ag reacted = No. of moles of AgNO3 used
= mv/1000 = 0.5(50)/1000 = 0.025 mol 1
(ii) Heat released = No. of moles of Ag x ΔH = 0.025 x 105 kJ
= 2.625 kJ = 2625 J 1
(iii) Heat change = mc 2625 J = 50 (4.2) = 12.5 C
o
1
(d) Assumptions
- no heat loss to surrounding 1
- specific heat capacity of solution = specific heat capacity of water 1
- density of solution = density of water ( any two) 1
26
(e)
Energy
2 Ag+ + Cu
ΔH = -105kJ
-1
mol
2 Ag + Cu2+
1. The position and name/formulae for the reactants
and products are correct 1
2 Label for the energy axis and arrow for the two levels are shown. 1
(f) Lower/smaller 1
The total surface area exposed to the air is larger 1
Heat is lost to the environment 1
(g) To ensure all the silver nitrate solution reacted completely 1
(h) Bigger / Higher because magnesium is more electropositive than copper. 1
15
10 (a) Strong acid – nitric acid/ hydrochloric acid / sulphuric acid 1
Strong alkali – sodium hydroxide / potassium hydroxide 1
(b) Heat released when 1 mole of water is formed from the reaction
between an acid and an alkali 1
(c) - It is an exothermic reaction // heat energy is released to the surrounding 1
- The total energy of reactants is higher than the products 1
- 57 kJ of heat energy is released when 1 mole of water is formed ( any 2) 1
(d) (i) No. of moles alkali used = mv/1000 = 1(50)/1000 = 0.05 mol 1
(ii) Heat change = mc = (50+50)x4.2x 6.5 = 2730 J 1
Heat of neutralization = - 2730/0.05 = - 54600 J/ mol = - 54.6kJ / mol 1
(e) (i) The heat of neutralization for Experiment I is higher than Experiment II 1
(ii) Ethanoic acid – weak acid, dissociates partially in water 1
Part of heat released in Experiment t II during neutralization is
absorbed to dissociate further the molecules of ethanoic acid 1
(f) The number of moles of water produced doubled, hence amount of
heat energy released is doubled but the total volume of solution
used also doubled, therefore the temperature increase remain the same 1
13
ESSAY SECTION B
(c)
(i) Test Aqueous HCl solution Solution of HCl in
methylbenzene
Universal Green to red No changes 1+1
indicator
Add zinc Bubbles of colourless No changes 1+1
powder gas formed 1+1….6
Add Blue solution formed No changes
copper(II)
oxide powder
27
Question Explanation Marks
Number
Carbon dioxide 1
Bubble the gas through lime water and lime water turns chalky 1….4
20
28
ESSAY SECTION C
+
12 (a) (i) Acid that will produce two moles of hydrogen ion, H from one mole of the
acid in water. 1
H2SO4 1....2
(a)(ii) Acid that dissociates completely in water to produce high concentration of
+
hydrogen ion, H 1
HCl 1....2
(b) sodium hydroxide is a strong akali that undergoes complete dissociation in
aqueous solution 1
Ammonia is weak alkali that undergoes partial dissociation only
The concentration of hydroxide ion in sodium hydroxide is higher than in 1
ammonia
Hence, the pH of sodium hydroxide is higher than that of ammonia. 1
1....4
(c) [calculation]
1. Molar mass of KOH = 39+16+1 = 56 1
2. Mol KOH = 250 x 1.0/1000 = 0.25
3. Mass = mol x molar mass = 0.25 x 56 = 14.0 gram 1
-3
[ preparation of 1.0 mol dm KOH ]
4. Weigh exactly 14.0 g of KOH accurately in a weighing bottle. 1
5. Dissolve 14.0 g of KOH in a little water in a beaker 1
3
6. transfer the contents into a 250 cm volumetric flask 1
7. Rinse the beaker with distilled water and transfer all the contents into
the volumetric flask 1
8. Distilled water is added to the volumetric flask until the calibration mark. 1
-3
[ preparation of 0.1 mol dm KOH ]
[calculation]
Volume of KOH is added
9. M1 x V1 = M2 x V2 1
V1 = M2 x V2 / M1 1
3
10. = 0.1 x 250 / 1 = 25 cm
1
3 -3 3
11. 25.0 cm of 1.0 mol dm KOH is transfer to 250 cm
3
using 25.0 cm pipette. 1
12. Distilled water is added to the volumetric flask until the
calibration mark. 1....12
20
Example:
Lead(II) sulphate
Lead(II) nitrate solution and sodium sulphate solution
2+ 2
Pb + SO4 PbSO4
2+
(b) Test for Fe ion
Procedure I:
A few drops of sodium hydroxide solution are added into 2 cm of salt
3
Inference: 1
2+
Fe ion is present
2+
Test for SO4 ion
5 cm of 1 mole dm hydrochloric acid is added into the salt solution of
3 -3
3 -3
X follow by 2 cm of 1 mole dm barium chloride solution.
Observation:
White precipitate is formed.
Inference:
2-
SO4 ion is present.
1….6
(c) Chemicals :
sulphuric acid and magnesium oxide / magnesium carbonate /
magnesium 1
3 -3
50 cm of 1.0 mol dm sulphuric acid is poured into a beaker and heated
gently carefully 1
Magnesium oxide powder is added a little at a time into the acid using
spatula. 1
The mixture is stirred well with a glass rod. 1
Magnesium oxide powder is added continuously until some of it no
longer dissolves. 1
The mixture is filtered to remove the excess magnesium oxide. 1
The filtrate is poured into an evaporating dish and heated gently to
produce a saturated solution / heated until the filtrate is evaporated to
about 1/3 of its original volume. 1
The saturated solution is then allowed to cool to room temperature for
1
crystalisation to occur.
The magnesium sulphate crystals are filtered and dried by pressing them
between a few pieces of filter paper.
1
H2SO4 + MgO MgSO4 + H2O 1….10
14 a. Minimum energy that the particles must have in order to collide to produce a chemical reaction.
1
b. i. For a given chemical reaction to occur,
the particles must collide 1
with energy same or greater than the activation energy 1
and with correct orientation. 1
Procedure:
1. A burette is filled with water and inverted over a basin containing water. The burette is
clamped to the retort stand. The water level in the burette is adjusted and the initial 1
burette reading is recorded.
3 -3
2. 50cm of 0.2 mol dm hydrochloric acid is poured into a small conical flask. 1
3. 5.0g of marble granules are added into the conical flask and start the stopwatch simultaneously.1
4. Close the conical flask immediately with a stopper which is joined to the delivery tube
and shake the conical flask steadily throughout the activity 1
30
5. The burette readings are recorded at 30 second intervals for 5 minutes 1
6. Step 1 to 6 are repeated using 5.0g of marble chips 1
Max 5
Results :
Marble granules / marble chips
Time(s) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 ……. 300
Burette reading/cm3
Total volume of
gas/cm3
1
Volume of gas released / cm
3
Marble chips
Marble granules
Time taken / s
The gradient of graph involving marble chips is steeper than that of marble granules. This shows that
the smaller the size of solid reactant, the higher the rate of reaction 1
15 (a)
(i) energy
Zn + CuSO4
∆H = -152 kJmol-1
ZnSO4 + Cu
Tabulation of data :
o
Initial temperature of Ca(NO3)2 ( C) Ө1
o
Initial temperature of Na2CO3 ( C) Ө2
o
Average initial temperature ( C) (Ө1 + Ө2)/2 = Ө3
o
Lowest temperature of the mixture ( C) Ө4
o
Change in temperature ( C) Ө3- Ө4
1
Calculation :
32
Result :
8. The initial mass of the spirit lamp + propanol = a g
The final mass of the spirit lamp + propanol = b g 1
9. The mass of propanol burnt = (a-b) g 1
10. The initial temperature of water = t1˚C
The maximum temperature of water = t2˚C 1
11. Increase in temperature of the water = (t2 – t1) = t˚C 1
Calculation :
RMM of propanol C3H7OH = 60 1
(b) Experiment I
32.00, 37.00, 40.50, 42.00, 42.00 3
Experiment II
28.00, 36.50, 41.00, 42.00, 42.00, 42.00
(c) The graph consist of:
1. Both axis are labeled and with unit 3
3
- y axis, volume of gas / cm
- x axis, time/ s
2. All points are transferred correctly
3. Uniform scale
4. Best fit curve
(d) Experiment II
Because the curve in Experiment II is steepest//the gradient is 3
higher
(e)(ii) Hypothesis 3
When the total surface area of calcium carbonate increases, the
rate of reaction increases
3
(f) 0.00 cm 3
33
(g)
Combustion Photosynthesis
Neutralization Rusting
Precipitation Fermentation
c. Heat change = mc Ө
= 50 (4.2) 8.0 = 1680 J
(e) Procedure :
3
1. Measure [100-200 cm ] of water and pour into the copper can and record the
temperature
2. A spirit lamp is filled with heptanes and its mass is recorded
3. Adjust the height of the lamp so that the flame touches the bottom of the can. Light
up the lamp
o
4. Extinguish the lamp when the temperature increase reaches 30 C. Record highest
temperature reached.
5. Weigh the spirit lamp with heptanes and record its mass
6. Repeat the experiment by using octane to replace heptanes.
(f) Tabulation of data
34
Set 4
No. Explanation Mark
1(a) Ethanoic acid 1
o
1(b) 180 C 1
Nickle / platinum 1
1(d)
1+1
[Any two correct structure]
1(e)(i) 1
Gas Q:. Brown solution turns colourless / decolourise 1
Gas R: No change/ Brown solution remains unchanged
35
(ii) C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH 1
(iii)Fermentation 1
(c) (i) Ethanoic acid 1
(ii) Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution // Acidified potassium 1
manganate(VII) solution
(d) C2H5OH C2H4 + H2O 1
(e) (i) Esterification 1
(ii) - has a sweet smell// fruity smell 1
- a neutral compound
- colourless liquid
- slightly soluble in water
- readily soluble in organic compounds
[ Choose any one ]
(iii) 1
H O H H
H–C–C–O –C–C–H
H H H
Total 10
.
3 (a) (i) ester 1
(ii) –COO- // -OOC- 1
H ― C ― OH
H ― C ― OH
1
H ― C ― OH
HOOC(CH2)7CHCH(CH2)7CH3
1
(b) unsaturated;
the molecule of olive oil contains C=C double bonds.
1
o 1
(c) (i) Hydrogen, nickel, 180 C
(ii) hydrogenation (addition reaction)
1+1 + 1
1
4 a A compound that contain element of carbon 1
b (i) C2H4 1
(ii) ethene 1
(iii) double bond between carbon atoms 1
(a: C=C )
36
c (i) Bromine water 1
(ii) Halogenation// Addition of bromine 1
(iii) Brown bromine water decolourised 1
5(c)
1
Haber process 1
5(e)(i)
5(e)(iii) Iron 1
37
66
6 (a) Saponification 1
(b) (i) Ester 1
(ii) COO 1
(c) Concentrated potassium hydroxide 1
(d) (i) Hydrophobic 1
(ii) • Hydrophilic 'head' dissolves in water. 1
• Hydrophobic 'tail' dissolves in grease.
• Detergent ions reduce the surface tension of water.
1
(iii) 1
H–C–C–O –C–C–H
H H H
Total 10
7(a) (i) Saponification
(ii) To precipitate the soap.
(iii) To remove the glycerol and excess sodium hydroxide solution.
(iv) Concentrated potassium hydroxide solution
38
(v)
(b) To stimulate positive emotion from the patience like self-confidence, more 1
active and energetic
(c) Usage of psychotherapeutic drugs can cause many side effects like 1
addiction, fear, aggressiveness or death in a person.
(d) Arthritis 1
Asthma 1
Essay Section B
Max: 5
(b) Percentage of carbon in pentane, C5H12 = 5(12)
5(12) + 12(1) x 100% 1
1
= 83.33%
= 85.71% 1
39
Percentage of carbon by mass in pentene is higher than that in pentane, 1
hence pentene burns with a more sooty flame than pentane 1
Max 5
(c)
(i) W: propanoic acid; Z: ethyl methanoate 1+1
W and Z have the same molecular formulae but different structural 1
formulae.
W has the carboxyl group as the functional group while Z has the 1
carboxylate group as the functional group.
H O H
1
H―C― C―O ― C―H 1
1
H H
Used as food
flavouring / perfume /
fragrance
(iv)
10 (a) . Element C H O
% 52.2 13.0 34.8
No. of moles 52.2/12 13/1 34.8/16 1
Ratio of moles 4.35 13 2.175
Simplest ratio 2 6 1 1
3 3
(b) 50 cm ethanol and 25 cm of ethanoic acid are added into a 1
round-bottomed flask.
3
5 cm of concentrated sulphuric acid is added. 1
A Liebig condenser is fixed to the round-bottomed flask. 1
The mixture is heated under reflux for 30 minutes. 1
The ester, ethyl ethanoate is distilled out from the mixture at its 1
boiling point.
(c) Dehydration 1
Alumina / unglazed porcelain chips, heat
1+1
..3
40
+
(d) When ethanoic acid is added to latex, the H ions in the acid will 1
neutralize the negative charges on the protein membrane of the
rubber particles. 1
As a result the rubber particles will collide with each other and 1
break the protein membrane setting free the rubber polymer 1
molecules which then coagulate.
Coagulation can be prevented by adding an alkali. 1
Max: 4
(e) A long chain molecule that is formed by the joining together of smaller 1
molecules called monomers.
H H H H
n C == C --- C ― C ----
H H H H n 1..2
20
(c)(i) Pure metal are made up of same type of atoms and are of the same 1
size.
1
The atoms are arranged in an orderly manner.
1
The layer of atoms can slide over each other.
Thus, pure copper are ductile.
1
There are empty spaces in between the atoms. 1
When a pure copper is knocked, atoms slide. 1
1
Thus, pure copper are malleable. Max:5
(c)(ii) Zinc. 1
1
Zinc atoms are of different size,
1
The presence of zinc atoms disturbs the orderly arrangement of
copper atoms. 1
This reduce the layer of atoms from sliding.
Zinc atom
Copper atom
41
Question Explanation Mark
Number
1
Arrangement of atoms – 1; Label - 1
1
Max: 5
Total 20
Health hazards:
Irritates the nose and eyes 1
Causes bronchitis and asthma 1
Formation of acid rain:
Sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulphur trioxide 1
2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3 1
Both oxides of sulphur dissolve in rain water to form sulphurous and
sulphuric 1
acids respectively 1
SO2 + H2O → H2SO3 1
SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 1
42
Effects of acid rain:
Corrodes buildings and bridges 1
Damages vegetation 1..max
10
(b)
(b)(i) P: Ethanol 1
Q: 2-methylbut-1-ene 1
Liebig condenser
43
Water in
Water bath
1+1
Procedure:
3 3
1. 50 cm of ethanol and 25 cm of propaoic acid is put into a 1
round-bottomed flask.
3
2. 5 cm of concentrated sulphuric acid is added. 1
3. Liebig condenser is fixed to the round-bottomed flask. 1
4. The mixture is heated under reflux for 30 minutes. 1
Equation :
C2H5OH + C2H5COOH C2H5COOC2H5 + H2O 1 10
Question Rubric
15 (a) [Able to record all the six readings correctly.]
Vulcanised rubber: 2, 4, 6
Unvulcanised rubber: 4, 8, 12
15(b) [Able to relate between the manipulated variable and the responding variable.]
Vulcanised rubber is more elastic than the unvulcanised rubber// Unvulcanised rubber
is less elastic than the vulcanised rubber
15(c)
Variable Action to be taken
(i) Manupilated variable (i) The way to manupilate variable
Vulcanized and unvulcanized Repeat by replacing vulcanized rubber with
rubber// Mass of weight unvulcanized rubber//Use weights with
different masses
(ii) Responding variable (ii) What to observe in the responding variable
Increase in length of rubber To measure length of rubber strip
strip//elasticity
(iii) Fixed variable (iii) The way to maintain the controlled
Initial length of rubber strip variable
Use the same length of vulcanized and
unvulcanized rubber strips
(d) The elasticity of the rubber strip is shown by its ability to return to its 3
original length after it is stretched.
(e) (b) Unvulcanized rubber: the minimum weight is 40g 3
Vulcanized rubber could return to its original length even after the
50g weight was removed
(d) Beaker A B
Only some greasy Most of the greasy 3
Observation
spots are removed spots are removed.
(e)
The cleansing power of soap is weaker in sea water compare to detergent The
3
cleansing power of soap is weaker in sea water compare to detergent
(ii) Hypothesis: 3
Iron rusts faster than steel.
(iii) Material:
Iron nail, steel nail, agar-agar solution, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) 3
solution.
Apparatus:
Test tubes.
(iv) Procedure:
1. Iron nail and steel nail are cleaned using sandpaper.
2. Iron nail is placed into test tube A and steel nail is placed into
test tube B.
3. Prepare 5 % of agar-agar solution and add several drops of
45
potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution to the agar-agar 3
solution.
4. Pour the agar-agar solution into test tubes A and B until it covers
the nails.
5. Leave for 1 day.
6. Both test tubes are observed to determine whether there is any
blue spots formed or if there are any changes on the nails.
Tabulation of data:
(v) Test tube The intensity of blue spots
A 3
B
OR
Problem statement:
Iron is softer than steel.
Hypothesis:
The diameter of the dent of the steel is smaller than the diameter of the
dent of iron.
Material:
Steel block, iron block.
Apparatus:
Ruler, 1 kg weight, retort stand and clamp, thread, steel ball, cellophane
tape.
Procedure:
1. A steel ball is attached on the surface of the iron block using a
cellophane tape.
2. The 1 kg weight is held 1 metre from the surface of the iron
block.
3. The weight is then released.
4. The diameter of dent formed on the iron block is measured
using a ruler.
5. Steps 2 to 4 are repeated on different surfaces of the iron block
and the average diameter of dents is obtained.
6. The experiment is repeated by replacing the iron block with steel
block.
Tabulation of data:
Diameter of the dent (cm)
Material Average (cm)
Reading 1 Reading 2
Iron block
Steel block
(ii) Variables
Manipulated Variable: Types of reagents 3
Responding variable: Change in colour
Fixed variable: hexan-1-ol, hex-1-ene and hexane
(iv) Procedure:
3
1. About 2 cm of each liquid X, Y and Z are poured into three
separate test tubes. 3
3
2. 1 cm of potassium dichromate(VI) solution is added into each
3 -3
test tube followed by 1 cm of 1 mol dm sulphuric acid and heat.
3. The mixture in each test tube is then shaken well.
4. The changes in each test tube are observed and recorded.
3
5. Steps 1 to 4 are repeated using 2 cm of bromine water to replace
the acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution.
Y
3
Z
47