4.

For a medium with the same electromagnetic characteristics than the third problem,
find the losses per length unit for a 400MHz signal. If the original signal has an electric
field of 120Vrms/m. Find the losses in watts when the signal travels 20m in the
medium.

𝜀𝑟 = 5.5 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑
1
𝜀𝑜 = ∗ 10−9
36𝜋
𝜇𝑟 = 1.9 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛é𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝜇𝑜 = 4 ∗ 10−7
𝜎 = 14.6 ∗ 10−6 𝑆/𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓
𝑓 = 400 𝑀ℎ𝑧
𝐸 = 120Vrms/m
𝑥 = 20𝑚

 We need to find first the loss tangent for this wave:

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝜎
tan(𝛿) = =
𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 ∗ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝜔𝜀
14.6 ∗ 10−6 14.6 ∗ 10−6
tan(𝛿) = = = 0.00012
6 1 −9 1.222
2𝜋(400 ∗ 10 ) (36𝜋 ∗ 10 ) 5.5

tan(𝛿) = 0.00012 therefore, we say that it is a good insulator

 Now, we are going to calculate the intrinsic impedance, which in good insulators
or dielectrics of low losses is calculated with the following equation:

𝜇 4 ∗ 10−7 ∗ 1.9 𝜇
𝜂=√ =√ ⇨ 𝜂 = √ = 70.53𝜋
𝜀 1 𝜀
(36𝜋 ∗ 10−9 ) 5.5
  knowing the intrinsic impedance, and the conductivity, we find the attenuation
constant:

𝜎 ∗ 𝜂 14.6 ∗ 10−6 𝑠⁄𝑚 ∗ 70.53𝜋

𝛼= = = 0.00162 𝑁𝑝/𝑚
2 2
𝜎∗𝜂
𝛼= = 0.00162 𝑁𝑝/𝑚
2

 now, we will calculate the losses for 20m, in the proposed medium:

% 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 1 − 𝑒 −2𝛼𝑥

% 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 1 − 𝑒 −2∗0.00162∗20
% 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 0.0627 𝑜𝑟 6.27%

 Finally, to find out the losses in Watts, we will find the wave's starting power,
and finally the lost ones:

|120𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠/𝑚|2
𝑃˳ = = 64.99 𝑊/𝑚2
70.53𝜋
𝑤
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 = 64.99 2 ∗ 0.0627 = 4.075 𝑊/𝑚2
𝑚