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Energy Conversion (ECE08) Laboratory Activity No. 1 Light Activated Switch and Darkness Activated Switch Team Cainta-Marikina
Energy Conversion (ECE08) Laboratory Activity No. 1 Light Activated Switch and Darkness Activated Switch Team Cainta-Marikina
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Presented by:
Camonias, Leenard
Capuyan, Emerald
Cunanan, Michael Angelo
Raymundo, Alvin
Sardea, Luis Fernan
Presented to:
Engr. Michael Stephen T. Gorospe
ICCT COLLEGES FOUNDATION, INC.
V. V. Soliven Avenue II, Cainta Rizal
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Date
October 7, 2018
Introduction
Light dependent resistors (LDR), also known as Photo resistors, are light sensitive
devices most often used to indicate the presence or absence of light, or to measure the light
intensity. In the dark, their resistance is very high, sometimes up to 1MΩ, but when the
LDR sensor is exposed to light, the resistance drops dramatically, even down to a few ohms,
depending on the light intensity. If the incident light on a photo resistor exceeds a
certain frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough
energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electrons (and
their hole partners) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance. LDRs have a
sensitivity that varies with the wavelength of the light applied and are nonlinear devices.
LDRs are less light-sensitive devices than photodiodes or phototransistors: the two latter
components are true semiconductor devices, while a photo resistor is a passive component
and does not have a PN-junction. The photo resistivity of any photo resistor may vary
LDRs are used when a need to sense the presence and absence of light is necessary.
These resistors are used as light sensors and the applications of LDR mainly include alarm
locks, street lights, light intensity meters, burglar alarm circuits. LDRs are sometimes made
obsolete
ICCT COLLEGES FOUNDATION, INC.
V. V. Soliven Avenue II, Cainta Rizal
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
automatically switch on and off, by the used of light intensity instead of manually operating
the switches, electrical load appliances like lights, fans, coolers, air conditioners, street
lights, etc. The main principle of this circuit is based on the working of a LDR or Light
Dependent Resistor wherein the circuit can be activated or triggered based on the intensity
of illumination the LDR is subjected to. By using this method, the need for manpower can
be reduced dramatically.
the light activated switch. It is also a simple electrical circuit which can be used to
automatically switch on or off electrical load appliances, but instead of using the light
intensity for activation, it uses the absence of light or intensity of darkness as a trigger. It
also uses a LDR or Light Dependent Resistor as its main sensing component. This circuit’s
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Circuit Diagram
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➢ 9V Battery
➢ LDR
➢ 1k Ohm Resistor
➢ LED
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➢ 9V Battery
➢ LDR
➢ 1k Ohm Resistor
➢ LED
➢
ICCT COLLEGES FOUNDATION, INC.
V. V. Soliven Avenue II, Cainta Rizal
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
How the Circuit Works
When the LDR is struck with incident light its resistance drops, allowing current to
flow to the base of the 2N2222A. As current flows out of the base, a larger current flows
through the emitter-collector of the 2N2222A and thus energizes the LED.
When the circuit is exposed to darkness, the resistance of the LDR increases. This
allows more current to flow on the base of the 2N2222A than the LDR’s path, and thus,
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The following photos were taken during the testing of the circuits:
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