Moment of Inertia

•  Moment of Inertia of Areas/Second moment of inertia

•  Polar Moment of Inertia
•  Radius of Gyration of an Area
•  Parallel-Axis Theorem
•  Determination of the Moment of Inertia of an Area by
Integration
•  Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas
 What is moment of inertia
of an area?
•  Also known as area moment of
inertia / second moment of inertia
•  It is needed for calculating bending
stress, given by

My
σ =−
I
•  It is a geometrical property that
defined the efficiency of the cross-
sectional shape to resist bending
caused by loading.
 O
The following definitions form the basis for the
ments of inertia.
dA
Rectangular Moment of
r A/2 Definitions
(c)
Inertia
Rectangular and Polar Moments of Inertia
The following definitions form the basis for the analysis of a
Consider the area A in the x-y plane, Fig. A/2. T
ments of inertia. tia of the element dA about the x- and y-axes are,
Figure A/1
Consider the area A in the x-y
y2 dA and dIy ! x2 dA, respectively. The moments o
plane.
the The are
same axes moments
thereforeof inertia of the
y dIy = x2 dA element dA about the x- and y-axes
Rectangular and Polar Moments of Inertia
(c) are, by definition, dIx = y2 dA and

igure A/1
x
A Consider the area
tia dA
dIy
A
= in
x 2 the
dA,x-y plane, Fig. A/2.
respectively.
of the element dA about the x- and y-axes
I x "
The
!
The
y 2 dA
moments
are, by definitio
2 2moments of inertia of A about the
y dA and dIy ! x dA, respectively. The moments of inertia of
r y same axes are thereforeI ! x 2 dA
the same axes are therefore y "
x
O

dI = y
"y
A 2 dA
Figure A/2
x where we carry out the 2integration over the entire a
dA Ix ! dA

I !" x
y 2
y dA
x

igure A/2 where we carry out the integration over the entire area.
e moment of inertia of dA about the pole O (z-axis) is, by similar
2 Polar Moment of Inertia
on, dIz ! r dA. The moment of inertia of the entire area about
Artic

The moment The momentofofdA

of inertia
nition, dIz !byr2similar
dA. The
about
inertia
Iz ! dIof
moment
definition,
the entire area about O is
!
ofthe
2
r rdA
aboutOthe
dA pole
z =inertia
(z-axis)
of the
2 dA. The
pole Ois,(z-axis)
entire of
moment
by similar
area
is,
about
inertia of (A/2)

pressions defined by Eqs.

Iz ! r 2 dA !
A/1 are called rectangular (A/2)
moments of
whereas the expression of Eq. A/2 is called the polar moment of
* Because x2 " y2 ! r2, it is clear that
expressions defined
Becausebyx2Eqs.
+ y2 A/1
= r2,are clear rectangular
it iscalled that moments of
tia, whereas the expression of Eq. A/2 is called the polar moment of
tia.* Because x2 " y2 ! r2, it is clear that
Iz ! I x " I y (A/3)

Iz ! I x " I y (A/3)
area whose boundaries are more simply described in rectangular
ates than
an area in polar
whose coordinates,
boundaries its polar
are more simply moment
described of inertia is eas-
in rectangular
 x
ut the x-axis.
O
A similarx
relation
x for the y-axis is written by consider-
O
the area as concentrated
(b) into a(c)narrow (c) strip parallel to the(d)y-axis as
wn in Fig.
(b)
444 A/3c. Also,
Appendix ifFigure
A Area we Radius
visualize
Moments of ofasGyration
Inertia the area
(d)
concentrated into a
Figure A/3 A/3
ow ring of radius kz as shown in Fig. A/3d, we may express the polar y
2
ment of inertia y as kz A ! Iz. In summary we write
y
A
ky
y
about about the x-axis.
the x-axis. A similar
A similar relation relation
for thefory-axis y-axis
the is is written
written by consider-
by consider- kz
2 A A
– Ixarea
xing
ing the ! karea
A
Ctheas
A as concentrated
x concentrated into a into
narrow !Ixparallel
kax narrow
!strip /A
strip parallel Oy-axis as
to theas
to the y-axis x

shownshowniny Fig.inA/3c.
Fig. Also,
A/3c. ifAlso, if wekxvisualize Othe asarea as xconcentrated
into a into a
–
2x we visualize the area concentrated
I yring
O narrow
narrow
!k A of radius
ofring
yradius kz as
or
kz as shown k A/3d,
in Fig.xyin
!I
!Fig. y /A
A/3d,
maywe may express (A/4)
the polar
O shown we express the polar
2A
moment moment
(a) of inertia
2 as kz2Aas!kIz(b)
of inertia ! Iz. In summary
z. In summary we write we write
(c) (d)
Iz ! kz A kz ! !Iz /A
Figure A/3
Ix ! kxI2xA! kx2A kx ! !Ikxx/A! !Ix /A
radius of gyration, then, I y is
! kayI2ymeasure
A! ky2A or of the or kydistribution
! !Ikyy/A! !Iy /Aof the area(A/4)
(A/4)
m the axis in question. A rectangular 2
orx-axis.
about the
2 polar moment
A similar relationof
forinertia may
the y-axis is written by consi
Iz ! kzIzA! k z A
ing kz ! !Ikzz/A
the area as concentrated ! !I
into z /A
a narrow strip parallel to the y-axi
xpressed by specifying the radiusshown of gyration and the area.
in Fig. A/3c. Also, if we visualize the area as concentrated in
The radius of gyration, then, is a measure of the
kz asdistribution
shown in Fig. of thewearea from the
When weThe substitute
radius Eqs. A/4
of gyration,
The radius into
then, is
of gyration, Eq.
narrow A/3,
ring
a measure
then, we
of radius have
of the2 distribution
is a measure
A/3d,
of the area
of the distribution
may express
of the area
the p
axis in question. A rectangularmomentor polar moment
of inertia as kz Aof!inertia may be
Iz. In summary weexpressed
write by
from the
from
specifying axis inaxis
question.
theradius
the A rectangular
inofquestion.
gyration A theor
rectangular
and polar
area. ormoment of inertia
polar moment may may
of inertia
be expressed by specifying
be expressed the radius
by specifying of gyration
the radius Iof 2A Can
kxand
gyrationtheandyouthe
area. give examples to
area.
x! kx ! !Ix /A
2! 2 "into 2Eq. A/3, we have demonstrate the radius of
we k k k ky !(A/5)
WhenWhen
we substitutez
Eqs.
substitute
x
A/4
Eqs. A/4
y intoI Eq. A/3,
2 we have !I /A (A
y ! ky A or
gyration?y
Iz ! kz2A kz ! !Iz /A
kz2 ! kkxz22" 2
!kkyx2 " ky2 (A/5) (A/5)
 Parallel Axis Theorem
9.2 Parallel-Axis
9.2 Parallel-Axis Theorem Theorem
(used to calculate momentof
of an ofan
Area Area
inertia about a
noncentroidal axis)
y¥ = Centroidal
y¥ = Centroidal axis
axis
I x = ∫ ( y '+ d y ) ∫dA
= 2 ( y '+ d y ) dA
2
I x
y
Determine
dxy x¥dthe
x x¥
moments of inertia A
of the area about dA
dA the parallel x-y
A

9.2 Parallel-Axis Theorem of an2 =Area

= ∫ [( y ' ) + 2∫( y ' )(d y ) + (d y ) ]dA
+ 2d y ) + ( d y ) ]dA
2 2
axes. [( y ' ) 2 ( y ' )(
y ¥
y¥
y¥ = Centroidal
x ¥= axis x¥= Centroidal
Centroidal axis
axisA A
CG
CG I x = ∫ ( y '+ d y ) 2 dA
= ∫A( y ' ) dA +∫ ∫ 2( y ' )(d y )∫dA + ∫ (d y ) 2 dA
2 = ( y ' ) dA + 2( y ' )( d y ) dA + ∫ (d y
2
y dx x¥
dA d A A A
dy y A A A
∫
= [( y ' ) + 2( y ' )(d0,y )y¥
2
+ (=d y0) ]dA = 0
2 0, y¥
y¥
x¥= Centroidal axis A
+ 2+ddy ∫2 y 'dA
dA + d y 2∫ dA
2
CG x = yI 'xdA
x y ∫+ 2( y ' )( dy )∫
==I x (+y '2) 2ddA
O O ∫ A
∫ y dA + ∫ ( d y ) A
A
A
dA
dy A A A
0, y¥ = 02
I x = I x + 0I+x d=y I A
2 +0+d
x y A
= I x + 2d y ∫ y ' dA + d y ∫ dA
2
x
O A A 2

I y = I y + 0I+y d=x2I A
2 +0+d A
y x
Ix = Ix + 0 + dy A
J =2 J C + Ad
2

IJ O==I J+C 0++Ad

O 2
y y d A x
3

J O = J C + Ad 2
ROBLEM A/1 y cen- y0
Determine
polar the moments
axis z through O. of inertia
Determine of thetherectangular
Determine of area
the moments
moments about
inertiaof thethe
ofinertia of the rectangular
rectangular area aboutar
e the moments Solution.
troidal x0- and yof
of inertia For
0-axes,
the the the calculation
centroidal
rectangular xpolar
area axis
0- andabout
troidaltroidal of
xy00--axes,
and the
z0 through
the
ythe moment
cen- C, the
centroidal
0-axes, the polar
centroidal of
x-axis, inertia
and the
z0 through
axispolar axis z0C, I abou
x x-axis,
the
through C,
y0-axes,! polar axis
horizontal
the centroidal z through
polarstrip Determination of moment of
O.
axis zof area bC,polar
polar axis
0 through dy theis
z through
axis chosen
x-axis, O.
z through
and O. so that all elements of ––
the hthe
dy
rough O. 2
same
Solution. y-coordinate. inertia of an area by integration
Thus,
For the calculation of the moment of inertia Ix about
h
––
2
the x0-axis, a
Solution. yI ax

# #
! Solution.
horizontal
y
strip
For
y0
area b dy
theofcalculation ofisthe
chosen
Solution.
Forso
moment
thethat
of allcalculation
calculation
Forinertia
h/2 the elements ofofthe
of the moment
Ix about the the of strip
x0-axis,
inertiahave
moment
I aboutthethe
a ofx inertia x
! horizontal strip of area b dy is chosen so that 1 all elements of the strip h
same
! horizontal y-coordinate.
strip Thus,
2 of area b dy is same ! horizontal strip of 2
area b dy is chosen so 3 that all elements of
he x-axis, and the [Ix !
ea about the cen-

or the calculation of the

y moment
dA]
dy of
chosen
inertia I
so Ixy-coordinate.
that
y-coordinate.
about
same
all
!theThus, x
y ba dy ! 12 bh
elements
-axis,
Thus,
of the strip have the
C
h
––
2
same y-coordinate. Thus,
# ## #
x h/2 0
"h/2
# #
h h/2
p of area b dy[Iis ––2! chosen so that all elements 1 the3
y2 dA] [IIx x!!ofy2the dA] y strip
2b dyhave Ixbh h 1 bh3 Ans. O
# # the moment of inertia about the centr
x y h/2 ! 12 ! y2b dyh/2!
–– 12 1
2 1 2 3
nate. Thus, [Ix ! y2 dA] Ix ! [I !
yx2"h/2 y dA]
b dy ! 12 bh3 I
"h/2 ! 2 y b dy !
Ans. 12 bh
bout the x0-axis, a By interchange of symbols,
C
x0
By "h/2
x
"h/2
interchange of symbols, the moment of inertia about the centroidal y0

#
the strip have the By interchange
h h/2 of symbols, the moment of inertia aboutthe the O y0-axis is
centroidal
––
1 By interchange of symbols, moment of inertia about the ce
By 2
Ix interchange
y2b of
dysymbols,
! 12 bhthe
3 moment of inertia aboutAns. the centroidal
1 1
3 12hb3y0-axis is b
! O
"h/2 x About y -axis,
o1I ! 1
hb 3 y
Iy !
I ! 12 hb 1
Iy ! 12hb 3 Helpful
Ans. H
Ans. b y
The centroidal 3 12
I ! hb polar moment of inertia is
y 12 What
Ans.is the
entroidal
of symbols, the moment of inertia about the The
centroidal y0polar
centroidal -axis1moment
is 3 of3 inertia
1 moment
is2 ! If we h
of
y0-axis is
The
The centroidal
Thecentroidal
centroidal
polar polar
polar
moment moment
moment
[Iinertia
of z! Iy] ofisinertia
ofIxinertia
#is Iz ! 12is
(bh 2 # hb ) ! 12 A(b # h )
order e
Ans.
Helpful Hint
1
Helpful
1 3 Hint
inertia
3 1 about2
! If we hadIystarted
! hb
with 3 second-
the 1 By 13the [I z3 ! Ix # Iy]theorem
parallel-axis
1 1 Ans.
the Izmoment
! 12(bhof # hb ) !
inertia about
12 A(b
the # h2) is wi
tion
x-axis
[I[I z!
! I# Iy]IdA
Ixelement
x# y12 Iz !I12
]! dx dy, integra- z!(bh12# (bhhb3# )1!hb 3) !2
A(b
3 # A(b 2 # h 2)
h 2) 3 1 If we2y-axis??
Ans.2 Ans.
[Ition
z order
z ! I # I
withx respect y
] I z !
By the 12 (bh
12 #12 hb ) ! !
parallel-axis theorem the12 A(b
moment had
# h )
started with
constan
of inertia about the x
!"
to x holding y h 2
polar moment
Ans. of inertia is
By
By thethe
constantparallel-axissimplytheorem
parallel-axis
amounts [I ! I # Ad 2]
theorem
to multi- the xmoment
thex moment
1
I ! bh3 # bh
ofx inertia about
of inertia
x ! 1 bh3 ! 1 Ah2
12 the x-axis
about order3 element
is x-axis
the plicatio
is3 dA ! dx
2
!"
plication by b and gives us the ex- 2
! 13pression
h x
bh3 tion
# bh with ! 13 respect to
-axis is
By
Iz ! 12the
(bhthe
1pression
3# y2bparallel-axis
dy, 3
hb ) 1 chose 2at theorem
A(b h 2) [Ix ! the
2Ix # Ad moment
2
x ] Ix !
Ans. of 1
inertia about bh3the x-ax
Ah 2

!" !"
which we
! # h 12 2
I # Adx2] 2 12 Ix ! 12 bh31# bh
Ans. [Ix ! outset.
1 We also obtain
3 # bh! h
the
1 polar
2 moment
1
bh3 !13 Ah32 1
of inertia about
2 constant
O by
Ans.amountsthesimp
the outs
parallel-axis t
[Ix !x Ix # Ad x ] I x ! which
12 bh 2
gives us 3 ! bh !
3 polar moment
3
Ah Ans.
2is the plication by bOand give

!"
-axis theorem the moment of inertia about the We also obtain
x-axis 2 of inertia about by the par
allel-axis theorem,
1 2gives h 1 theorem,
3b !# 1yhAh
2] moment 3#
$! " ! " % 2 which
2 2 2
[IWe
We also
!
xPolar I
obtain
x #
alsomoment
Ad
the polar
obtain the x I
[I of
!
x !
I
which
inertia
# Ad
12 bhabout
] I bh
usO by the
! 1
A(b ! bh
2 # h2) #pression
parallel-axis A
O by the3parallel-axis
b dy,
3 theorem,
1 polar moment of inertia about 2
z z z

!"
12
which
1 3 gives ush
2 of 1
2
the outset.
2
# h ) # A$! " # ! " %
2 3 2
bh #gives
Ix ! 12which
]
inertiabh ! bh ! 3 Ah Ans. 2 2
1 b h
2us O,3
about [Iz ! Iz # Ad2]I ! 1A(b A(b2
Iz2 ! 2
h 2)
# 12 2 2
$! " ! " %
2 z 3 2
1 b h
We also
[I
Ans.! I # Adobtain
2]
theO12polar
I ! A(b moment
2 # h 2) # A
2 of
# inertia about O by the paralle
$! " ! " %
z z z
the polar moment of inertia
2 about by the
1 parallel-axis
2 2 b2 2 Iz ! 13hA(b
theorem,
22
# h 2)
[Iz ! Iz # Ad ] Iz ! 12 A(b # h ) # A #
2 2
 which gives us

SAMPLE PROBLEM A(b #A/2

h ) # A$! " # ! " %
2 2

SAMPLE PROBLEM A/2

1 2 b h 2 2
[I ! I # Ad ] I ! 12
Example: Moment of inertia of a
SAMPLE PROBLEM A/2
z z z
2 2
1
Iz ! 3A(b2 # h2) Ans.
Determine
Determine the
the moments
moments of
of inertia
inertia of
of the of
the triangular
the triangular area
area about
about its base and
base its
andbase and
itstriangular vertex.area
Determine the moments of inertia triangular area about its
about
about
about parallel
parallel axesaxes
parallel axes through
through
through its centroid
centroid
its centroid and vertex.
and
and vertex.
SAMPLE PROBLEM A/2 x′
Determine the moments of inertia of the triangular area about its base and
Select about
a strip ofaxes
parallel area parallel
through toandbase,
its centroid vertex.
with area
!!! Solution.
Solution.
Solution. AAstrip
A strip of
of area
strip of area parallel
parallel
area to theto
parallel to theisbase
base
the base isisselected
selected selected
as shownasin
as shown
the figure,
shown
dy
ininthe
the figure,
figure,
h

""and
andit has thethe
it has
dA=
areaareaxdy
dA ! =
dAx dy
(h-y)/b/h
! x!dy [(h! dy
y)b/h]
"[(h dy. By dy.
" y)b/h] definition
By definition
" and
! it has the
Solution. area
A strip dAparallel
of area ! x dy [(his "
!base
to the y)b/h]
selected dy. inBy
as shown thedefinition
figure, x
y

# ## # ## #
" and it has the area dA ! xhdy ! [(h " y)b/h] dy. By definition
4 3h

%$ $ 3%
hhh " yh " y3 4 hy3 yyy3 44 3hh
y
%
bh x

4h%
[Ix[I! ! [Iy2 !dA] I !I 2
y yyb22dy !b bdyy ! bydy !!bh y bh3 3
bh b Ans.
$
h
22 2 h "b3 !
x ! x yy ydA] b Ans.
"
[I dA]
dA] x Ix !Ix ! y2
! y !
3 b " 12
4h3 0" Ans. !! Ans.
h h
"
x x00
00 h 3 4h 0 12
h 4h 12 12 Hints
00 Helpful Helpfu
By the parallel-axis theorem the moment of inertia I about an axis through the
By the parallel-axis theoremthe the moment of inertia I about an axis through
! Here again wethe
is moment of inertia I about an axis through the
choose the simple
ByBythe
the parallel-axis
parallel-axis
centroid, theorem
theorem
a distance h/3 above the
x-axis,
Moment of inertia about an axis through the centroid, a moment of inertia I about possible an axis through
element. the
If we had Her
chose !
centroid, a distance h/3 above the x-axis,2 is 3
centroid, a Ad
distance
distance
2] h/3
distance h/3 above the x-axis,! "! "
centroid,
[I ! I "a h/3 above
I !above
bh 3
"
bhtheh x-axis,
x-axis,
!
bh is
is Ans.
dA ! dx dy, we would have possto int
12 2 3 36 grate y2 dx dy with respect to x firs

[I ! I "AAd 2
] from the centroidal
transfer
[I[I!!I I""Ad
Ad2]]
2
I!
bh3
"bh
axis to the
12
bh
3
x!-axis
II !
!
! 2""!!3" "! 36" !!
h 2 bh32
3 through
bh !
bh hh
the 2
vertex bh
bh
gives 33
This gives us y2x dy, which isdA
Ans.
the e!
grat
pression we chose at the outset.
Ans. Ans.
"!122h" ! bh 22 33 36Ans. " Expressing x in terms of y shou
[I ! I # Ad2] ! Ix! !
bh3
#
bh 2 3
36 This
cause no difficulty if we observe th
3 4
36 2
A transfer from the centroidal axis to the x!-axis through the vertex gives pres
proportional relationship betwee
AAtransfer
Moment of from
transfer fromthe
inertia centroidal
through
the axis to the
the vertex,
centroidal the x!-axisthrough
at x’-axis,
x!-axis throughthe
the vertex
vertex
the gives
gives
similar triangles.
" Exp
! "! "
3 2 3
bh bh 2h bh
[I ! I # Ad2] Ix! ! # ! Ans. caus
Ad22]]
[I[I!!I I##Ad
36
IIx!x! !
!
bh32
36
#
3bh
bh
22 ! "! "" 2h4 22 bh
2h
33
!
!
bh33
44
Ans.
Ans.
prop
the
 Example 9.1 Exercise
Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area shown with respect to
each of the coordinate axes.
Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area shown with
respect to each of the coordinate axes.
y

y = kx2

b
x
a
 I x = ∫ y 2 dA
A
b
= ∫ y 2 ( a − x) dy
0

b
a 1/ 2
= ∫ y 2 (a − y )dy
x 0
b1/ 2
b b
Select horizontal2 strip awith area, ï Moment of Inertia Ix.
= a ∫ y dy − 1/ 2 ∫ y 5 / 2 dy
dA = (a-x)dy 0 b 0
y
3 b b
Moment of inertia ay a 2x,
about
= − 1/ 2 ( y 7 / 2 ) y = kx2
3 0 b 7 0
I x = ∫ y dA 3
2
ab a 2 dA = (a-x)dy
A = − 1/ 2 ( b 7 / 2 )
b 3 b 7 dy b
Put x =as∫ function
y 2 ( aab−3x) dy of y,3 find k? x
2ab
0 = − a
3 7
b
3 a
= ∫ ab−
2 1/ 2
Answer: = y ( a 1 / 2
y )dy
b 11
0 21 Substituting x = a and y=b
b b
a y = kx 2
= a ∫ y dy − 1/ 2 ∫ y 5 / 2 dy
2

b 0
0
b = ka 2
b b
ay 3 a 2 b
 Inertia Iy.
b I y = ∫ x 2 dA
y = 2 x2 A
a
a
= kx2
ï Moment of Inertia Iy. ∫ ydx
= 2
ï Moment of x
Inertia Iy.
0

I y = ∫ x 2 dAI y = ∫ x dA
2
y b y b 2 2y =b b 2 x 2
a
y = =2 x x ( x2 ) dx
a 2∫
A
2a A
x y = kx 0 a a
dx y= kx2 a
= ∫ x 2 ydx = ∫ x ydx
2
a
b
2 ∫
= x 4
dx 0 0
dA = ydx dA = ydx a 0 a
b b a
2 b =2 x 2 (
b 2
5 a = ∫ x ( 2 x ∫) dx 2 x ) dx
b x x a a
dx =x(dx2 )( ) 0 0

a a a 5 0 a b
a
b
= 2 ∫ x dx 2 ∫ x dx
4 = 4

b a5 a 0 a 0
= ( 2 )( )
a 5 a 5 a
b x = ( b )( x )
5
a 3b = ( 2 )( ) 2
Answer: = a 5 0 a 5 0
5 5
b a 5 = ( b )( a )
= ( 2 )( ) 2
a 5 a 5
3
3
ab a
12 b
= =
5
Example 9.2

Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area shown with respect to
Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area
each of the coordinate axes.
shown with respect to each of the coordinate axes.

y
(a,b)

y2 = x2

y1 = x

x
 ï Moment of Inertia Ix.

y
(a,b) I x = ∫ y 2 dA
ï Moment of Inertia Ix. A
b
= ∫ y 2 ( x 2 − x1 )dy
y2 = x2 0
y b
dy
(a,b) I x = ∫ y 22 (dA
y1/ 2 − y )dy
y1 = x
dA = (x2 - x1)dy 0A
bb b
x == ∫(yy ( x)2 dy
25 / 2
− x−1 ∫)dy
( y 3 ) dy
y2 = x2 00 0
b b b
dy 2 27 / 2 1 / 2 y
4
== ∫ yy ( y − − y )dy
y1 = x 70 4 0
dA = (x2 - x1)dy 0
b 4 b
x 2 5/ 2/ 2 b
== ∫ (by −) dy − ∫ ( y ) dy
7 3

70 4 0
b b
2 7/2 y4
= y −
7 0 4 0

2 b4
= b 7/2
−
 ï Moment of Inertia Iy.

y
I y = ∫ x 2 dA
ï Moment of Inertia Iy. (a,b)
A
dx a
= ∫ x 2 ( y1 − y 2 )dx
y y2 = x2 0

dA = (y1 - y2)dx
(a,b) I y = ∫ xa2 dA
A ∫
= x 2
( x − x 2
)dx
y1 = x
dx a 0
= ∫ x ( y31 − y 2 )adx 4
a2

y2 = x2 x 0 ∫ ( x ) dx − ∫ ( x ) dx
=
a 0 0
dA = (y1 - y2)dx
= ∫ xx 4( xa − xx25)dx
2 a

y1 = x =
0 −
a
4 0
5a 0
x = ∫ (ax 34 )dxa−5 ∫ ( x 4 ) dx
=
0 − 0
4 5a
4 a
x x5
= −
4 0 5 0
a4 a5
= −
 Example: Moment
25 mm of Inertia of
75 mm
mple 9.3 Composite Areas
75 mm = (dy)Cir
mpute the moment of inertia of the composite area shown.
x

100 mm bh 3 2
Ix = ( ) Re ct − ( I x + Ad y ) Cir
3
1 1
25 mm 75 mm = [ (100)(150) 3 ]Re ct − [ π ( 25) 4 + (π × 252 )(75) 2 ]Cir
3 4

75 mm = 101x106 mm4
x

17
 y
100
Determine the moments of inertia of the beamís cross-sectional area
shown about the x and y centroidal axes.
A
y
100
400 dyA
100 B x
400
Determine the moments C dyD100 x
of inertia of the beamís 400
C 400
cross-sectional area D
shown about the x and y 100
centroidal axes.
100 600
600
Dimension in mm Dimension in mm
0
2 2 2
I x = ( I x + Ad y ) A + ( I x + Ad y ) B + ( I x + Ad y ) C

1 1
= [ (100)(300) 3 + (100 × 300)(200) 2 ] + [ (600)(100) 3 + 0]
12 12
1
+ [ (100)(300) 3 + (100 × 300)(200) 2 ]
12
= 2.9x109 mm4
le 9.7

ne the moments of inertia

Determine and the radius
the moments of gyration
of inertia of the of the
area with respect
shaded to thewith
area x and y axestoand
respect the at the centroidal
x and y axes.
axes and at the centroidal axes.
y Solution:
1 cm 1 cm
1)  Find the centroid
2)  Calculate the moment
of inertia about x, y
and centroidal axis.
5 cm

1 cm
x
5 cm
 = 51.25 cm
5 cm CG
y
1 cm 1 cm OR
ï Moments of inertia about centroid
3.5 Y 1
1 cm IIxx == 2I[(x − Ad(1)(y 25) 3 + (5 ×1)(1) 2 ]
0.5 x 12
2 = 145 −1 (15)(2.35) 2
5 cm + [( (5)(41) + (5 ×1)(2) 2 ]
= 51.25 12 cm
5 cm CG
Y ∑ A = ∑ yA = 51.25 cm 4
OR
3.5 Y
2[(3.5)(5 ×1)] + (0.5)(1× 5) 1
1 cm Y = I x = 2[(1 (1)(53) 3 + (5 ×1)(1)22 ] 1
3(5 ×0.5
1) I y = I y = 2[( 12(5)(1) + (5 × 1)(2) ] + (1)(5) 3
x 12 12
= 2.5 cm 5 cm 1 4 3
= 51+.25 [( cm(5)(1) + (5 ×1)(2) 2 ]
12
ï Moments of inertia about x axis
Y ∑ A = ∑ yA = 51.25 cm 4
1 1 I 51.25
I x = 2[( (1)(5) 3 + (5 × 1)(3.5) 2 ] + (5)(1) 3 kx = ky = x = = 1.848 cm
2[(3.5)(5 ×1)] + (0.5)(1× 5)3
Y = 12 A 1 15 1
= 145 cm 4 3(5 ×1) I y = I y = 2[( (5)(1) 3 + (5 × 1)(2) 2 ] + (1)(527
)3
12 12
= 2.5 cm = 51.25 cm 4
ï Moments of inertia about x axis
1 1 Ix 51.25
I x = 2[( (1)(5) 3 + (5 × 1)(3.5) 2 ] + (5)(1) 3 kx = ky = = = 1.848 cm
12 3 A 15
= 145 cm 4 27
 Example: Polar moment of
Example 9.9
inertia
(a) Determine the centroidal polar moment of inertia of a circular area by
direct integration.
(a) Determine the (b) Using the
centroidal result
polar of partofa,inertia
moment determine the moment of
of a circular
inertia
area byofdirect
a circular area with
integration. (b)respect to aresult
Using the diameter.
of part a,
determine the moment of inertia of a circular area with respect
to a diameter.
y

x
O
SOLUTION
y a. Polar Moment of Inertia.

dJ O = u 2 dA dA = 2πu du
r du r r
SOLUTIONu J O = ∫ dJ O = ∫ u 2 ( 2πu du ) = 2π ∫ u 3 du
x
Oy a. Polar Moment0 of Inertia. 0

π
O = = 2πu du
4
dJ O = u 2JdA r dA
2
r du r r

x b. Moment∫ of Inertia
= = ∫ with Respect
π = π ∫ to
2 3
u J O dJ O u ( 2 u du ) 2 u du a Diameter.
O 0 0

J O = Iπx + 4I y = 2 I x
JO = r
π 42
r = 2I x
2
b. Moment of Inertia with π 4Respect to a Diameter.
I diameter = I x = r
4
J O = I x + I y = 2I x
π 32
r 4 = 2I x
2
TABLE D/3 PROPERTIES OF PLANE FIGURES

AREA MOMENTS
FIGURE CENTROID
OF INERTIA

r
α – C – r sin α
Arc Segment α r r = –––––– —
α

Quarter and Semicircular Arcs

C C – 2r
y = –– —
–
y r !

y
! r4
Ix = Iy = –––
4
r —
Circular Area x r4
C Iz = !
–––
2

! r4
y Ix = Iy = –––
8

Semicircular
Area r
C
–
– 4r
y = ––
3!
–
(
!
8
8
Ix = – – –– r4
9! )
y
x r4
Iz = !
–––
4

! r4
y Ix = Iy = –––
16

Quarter-Circular
r
–
x C
–
x = – 4r
y = ––
3!
– – !
(4
Ix = Iy = — – –– r4
16 9! )
Area –
y
x Iz = ! r4
–––
8

y r4 (α – 1 sin 2α )
Ix = –– –
4 2
r
Area of Circular α – –
x =– r sin α
2 –––––– r4 (α + 1 sin 2 )
α x x α Iy = –– – α
Sector 3 4 2
C
Iz = 1
– r4α
2
TABLE D/3 PROPERTIES OF PLANE FIGURES Continued

AREA MOMENTS
FIGURE CENTROID
OF INERTIA

Rectangular Area bh3

Ix = –––
y0 3

– bh3
C Ix = –––
h x0 — 12
x – bh
Iz = –– (b2 + h2)
b 12

bh3
a x1 a+b Ix = –––
– 12
y x = ––––
– 3
x C h –
Triangular Area bh3
–
y Ix = –––
36
x – h
y = ––
b 3 bh3
Ix1 = –––
4

y
Area of Elliptical
Quadrant –
x = 4a
––
Ix = !
ab3 – ! 4
(
––––, Ix = –– – –– ab3
16 16 9! )
3!

– –
Iy = !
a3b –
––––,
16
Iy = ––
4
! – ––
16 9! (a 3b
)
b
x C y = 4b
––
– 3!
y ! ab
x Iz = ––– (a2 + b2)
a 16

Subparabolic Area
ab3
Ix = –––
b – 21
x = 3a
2 — 2
y y = kx = a2 x ––
4
a3b
Iy = –––
Area A = ab
–– 5
3 –
x C b –
y = 3b
––

( )
– 10 a3 b2
y Iz = ab –– + ––
x 5 21
a

Parabolic Area
2ab3
y Ix = ––––
–
b
y = kx2 = — x2 x = 3a
–– 7
8
a a2
2a3b
– Iy = ––––
Area A = 2ab
––– b
x C
–
15
3 – y = 3b
––

( )
y 5 a2 b2
Iz = 2ab –– + ––
x 15 7