(A modern approach in wireless communication)

Prepared by:
Pakal Shivani M.
Introduction
History
What is missile guidance
Types of missile guidance
Introduction to GPS
What are the elements og GPS
Introduction to DGPS
Missile Guidance using GPS
Actual Working of GPS Guidance System
How does GPS finds the exact target location
Inertial Navigation System
Flow Chart
Guidance Equipments
Conclusion
‘ADAPTIVE MISSILE
GUIDANCE USING GPS’
is a modern approach
in wireless
communication.

For the day to day

world of wars and
battles, the new
techniques to throw
an attack on the
opposing team are
emerging immensely.
This had led to the
development of
various types of
guided missiles.
American rocket
pioneer Robert
Goddard. experimented
with
rudimentary gyroscopic
systems.
The systems entered more
widespread use with the
advent
of spacecraft, guided
missiles, and
commercial airliners.
Missile guidance refers to
a variety of methods of
guiding a missile or
a guided bomb to its
intended target. The
missile's target accuracy
is a critical factor for its
effectiveness.
On the battlefield of today, guided missiles are
guided to or acquire their targets by using:

Radar signal,
Wires,
Lasers (or),
Most recently GPS.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a
space-based satellite navigation system that
provides location and time information in
all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth,
where there is an unobstructed line of sight
to four or more GPS
satellites.
GPS has three parts: the space
segment, the user segment, and
the control segment. The space
segment consists of a constellation
of 24 satellites plus some spares,
each in its own orbit 11,000 nautical
miles above Earth.
Differential Global Positioning
System (DGPS) is an
enhancement to Global
Positioning System (GPS), that
provides improved location
accuracy, from the 15-meter
nominal GPS accuracy to about
10 cm in case of the best
implementations.
The central idea
behind the design
of
DGPS/GPS/inertial
guided weapons is
that of using a 3-
axis
gyro/accelerometer
package as an
inertial reference
for the weapon's
autopilot.
 Such weapons are
designated as
"accurate"
munitions as they
will offer CEPs
(Circular Error
Probable) of the
order of the
accuracy of
GPS P -code signals,
typically about 40ft.
An inertial navigation
system (INS) is a navigation
aid that uses a computer,
motion sensors and rotation
sensors (gyroscopes) to
continuously calculate via
dead reckoning the position,
orientation, and velocity
(direction and speed of
movement) of a moving
object without the need for
external references.
The ‘Missile guidance
using GPS’ uses this
‘Inertial Navigation
System’ as its basic
concept.
 In the figure at left, the dashed
lines show the actual intersection
point, and the gray bands indicate
the area of uncertainty.

In this diagram, the solid lines indicate

where the GPS receiver "thinks" the target
is located. Because of errors in the
receiver's internal clock, these spheres do
not intersect at one point.
•The GPS receiver must
change the size of the spheres
until the intersection point is
determined. The relative size
of each sphere has already
been calculated, so if the size
of one sphere is changed, the
other spheres must be
adjusted by exactly the same
amount.
Inertial navigation relies on
devices onboard the missile
that senses its motion and
acceleration in different
directions. These devices are
called gyroscopes and
accelerometers.
The way these the subsystems are
distributed between the missile and the
launcher result in two different categories:
Remote Control Guidance: The guidance
computer is on the launcher. The target
tracker is also placed on the launching
platform.
Homing Guidance: The guidance
computers are in the missile and in the
target tracker.
•The GPS receiver
catches the change
in the size of the
spheres until the
intersection point is
determined.
Thus, after overall view of all the missile
guidance systems we come to an conclusion
that “Adaptive Missile Guidance Using GPS”
is the most efficient method to chase any
target as it saves economical losses,
environmental losses & various other losses
which were faced during early wars.