Chapter Light- reflection and refraction

Light is a form of energy. Properties of light are reflection, refraction, dispersion,

diffraction etc
Different media of light are transparent, translucent and opaque
Two types of reflection are Regular and diffused. Regular happen on a smooth surface, a
clear image is produced and diffused reflection happen on a rough surface, the image
formed is diffused.
Laws of reflection of light states that (i) angle of reflection is equal to angle of
incidence(ii) incident ray, reflected ray and the normal lie in the same plane.
Plane mirror forms a virtual and erect image of same size.
Spherical mirrors are of two types, concave and convex.
Study of Image formation by a concave mirror and convex mirror can be done by
drawing ray diagrams.
Study of Image formation of a concave mirror by doing experiment in the lab
Mirror formula to find out the focal length is 1/f = 1/u + 1/v where u is the object
distance and v is the image distance. Magnification= -v/u
Numerical based on mirror formula
The concept of refraction is the bending of light rays when it moves from one medium to
another with different refractive index.
Laws of refraction -Snell’s law states that the ratio of sin i with sin r is a constant known
as refractive index of the medium.
The Refraction through a glass slab is done by drawing the ray diagram.
Drawing and verifying in the lab
The terms associated with Lenses are optic centre, principal axis, focus and focal length
for both convex and concave.
Study of image formation by a convex lens and concavelens can be done by drawing ray
diagrams
Study of Image formation of a convex lens by experimental method in the lab.
Lens formula is 1/f = 1/v – 1/u and magnification= v/u and Numerical based on lens
formula
Power of a lens P= 1/f in metre or 100/f in cm. Power of combination of lenses can be
found out by P= P1 + P2 + P3 +….