Q Functions PDF December 1 2008 3 16 PM 390k PDF

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ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
MODULE 5
QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
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CHAPTER 3 : QUADRARIC FUNCTIONS
MODULE 5
3.1 CONCEPT MAP 2

Exercise 1 2
3.2 Recognizing the quadratic functions 3
3.3 Graphs of quadratic functions 4

Exercise 2 4
3.4 Shape of Graphs of quadratic functions 5

Exercise 3 5
3.5 The position of graphs of quadratic functions 6

Exercise 4 6
3.6 Maximum and minimum value of a quadratic functions 9

Exercise 5 10
3.7 Assessment 12
Answer 18
1
CHAPTER 3 : QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
Quadratic Functions
f  x   ax 2  bx  c
f  x   a x  p   q
2
a0
a0
 p,q 
 p,q 
f  x  min  q f  x  max  q
a0 a0
Minimum point Maximum point
f min  q f min  q
Corresponding value x  p Corresponding value x  p
Coordinate minimum  p , q  Coordinate maximum  p , q 
Symmetrical equation, x  p Symmetrical equation, x=p
2
A: RECOGNISING THE QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
Example 1:
Express the following quadratic functions in general form.

a  f x   5  4 x  2 x 2
b g x   7 x  3x 2
Solution
(a) f  x   5  4 x  2 x 2
 2x 2  4x  5
(b) g  x   7 x  3x 2
 3 x 2  7
Exercise 1
1. Determine whether each of the following functions is a quadratic functions
(a) f  x   3 x 2  1 (b) f  x  
x
x 1
(c) f  x   x  5x 2 (d) f  x   x 3  7 x  5
2. Express the following quadratic functions in general form
(a) f  x   2  3x 2 (b) f  x   5 x  2 x 2
(c) f  x   4  x  x 2 (d) f  x   7  3 x  4 x 2
3
B. Graph of quadratic functions
The graphs of quadratic functions, f  x   ax 2  bx  c can be plotted based on the

tabulated values of x and f  x 
Example 1
Plot the following quadratic function graphs. Then label the axis of symmetry, maximum
point or minimum point for each graphs.
(a) f  x   x 2  x  2 for  3  x  3
(b) f  x   4 x  x 2 for  2  x  5
Solution
(a) f  x   x 2  x  2
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f x  8 4 2 2 4 8 14
4
(b) f  x   4 x  x 2
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
f x  -12 -5 0 3 4 3 0 -5
Exercise 2
1. Complete the table of values for each of the following quadratic functions. Plot
the graph f(x) . Label the axis of symmetry, maximum point or minimum point of
the graph.
(a) f x   2 x 2  x  5
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f  x  16 -5
5
(b) f  x   10  6 x  3x 2
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
f x 
6
C. Shape of graphs of quadratic functions
f  x   ax 2  bx  c
a0 a0
Exercise 1
1 Recognise the shapes of the graphs for the following quadratic functions.
Quadratic functions Coefficient of x 2 Shape of the graph

a. f x   x  x  4
2
b. f  x   3x 2  10 x
c. f x   7  4 x  x 2
d. f x   4 x 2  9
7
D. The position of the graphs of quadratic functions with

types of roots for f x   0
The roots of f x   ax 2  bx  c  0 are given by
x
b b 2
 4ac 
2a
b 2  4ac  0 b 2  4ac  0 b 2  4ac  0
Position of a0
the graph
a0
a0
Type of Two different
root root
a0
8
Exercise 4
1. Based on each of the following quadratic function graphs given, determine the
type of the roots of f  x   0
(a) (b)
(d)
(c)
2. Find the range of values of k if each of the following graphs of the quadratic
functions meets the x-axis at two points .
(a) f  x   2k  3x 2  4 x  8 (b) f  x   qx 2  8 x  q  6
9
3. Find the values of p if each of the following graph of the quadratic functions
touches the x-axis at one point.
(a) f  x   px 2  6 x  9 (b) f  x   3 x 2  4 x  2 p  1
4. Find the range of values of n if each of the following graphs of the quadratic
functions does not meet the x-axis
(a) f  x   x 2  2n  1x  n 2  1 (b) f  x   2n  5x 2  6 x  9
(c) f  x   x 2  6nx  3n  1

2
(d) f  x    x 2  2n  1x  n  2 
10
2. Maximum and Minimum values of A Quadratic

Functions
f x   ax 2  bx  c f  x   a x  p   q
2
a0 a0
f max  q f min  q
Example 1
Find the minimum value of each of the following quadratic functions. Hence, find the
corresponding value of x.
(a) f  x   x 2  4 x  3
(b) f  x   2 x 2  6 x  5
Solution
(a) f  x   x 2  4 x  3
2 2
4 4
 x  4x        3
2
2 2
 
 x  4x  22  22  3
2
 x  2   7
2
The minimum value of f  x  is -7 when x  2  0 or x  2
11
(b) f x   2 x 2  6 x  5
 5
 2 x 2  3x  
 2
 2 2
 3  3
2
5
 2 x  3x          
  2  2 2 
 3
2
9 5
 2  x     
 2 4 2 
 3
2
1
 2  x    
 2 4 
2
 3 1
 2 x   
 2 2
The minimum value of f  x  is
1 3 3
when x   0 or x 
2 2 2
Exercise 5
1. Determine the maximum or minimum value of each of the following quadratic

function and find the corresponding value of x.
(a) f  x   x 2  8 x  7 (b) f  x   6  5 x  2 x 2
12
Express the following quadratic functions in the form of a  x  p   q . Hence,

2
2.
find the maximum value or minimum value of f  x  and state the corresponding
value of x.
(a) f  x    x 2  8 x  7 (b) f  x   3 x 2  4 x  1
13
Assessments
1. Given that the minimum value of the function f  x   x 2  4 x  m is 6, find the

value of m.
Given the graph y  p  2q  x  has a maximum point of 3,4 . Find the
2
2.
value of p and q.
3. The quadratic equation x x  1  px  4 has two distinct roots. Find the range of
value of p.
14
4. Sketch the graph of f  x 3 x 2  2 for  2  x  3 and state the range of f  x  .
15
-5
(6,-5)
The diagram given shows the graph of the quadratic functions y   x  p   4 ,

2
5.
where p is a constant. Find
(a) the value of p,

(b) the axis symmetry,
(c) the coordinates of the maximum point.
16
6. The minimum value of the quadratic function f  x   x 2  6hx  10h 2  4 is

a 2  4h , where a and h are constants.
(a) Show that a  h  2 by using the method of completing the square.

(b) Hence, find the values of h and a if the function has an axis of symmetry
x  a2  4
17
Answer
Exercise 1 Exercise 2
1. (a)Yes (a) Parabola with minimum point

(b) No
(c) Yes (b) Parabola with maximum point
(d) No
2. (a) f x   3x 2  2
(b) f  x   2 x 2  5 x
(c) f x   x 2  x  4
(d) f  x   4 x 2  3 x  7
Exercise 3 Exercise 4
1 (a) Has two equal roots

(a) 1, (b) No real roots
(c) Two different roots
(d) Two different roots
(b) -3, 2. (a) k  13 1

3
(b)  2  q  8
3. (a) p=1
(c) -1, (b) P=14
4. (a) n  1
(b) n  2
1
(c) n  
(d) 4, 6
1
(d) n 
4
18
Exercise 5 Assessment
1 (a) Minimum value =  9 , x  4 1. q  3

73 5 2. m=10
(b) Maximum value  ,x  
8 4
3. p  3 or p  5
2. (a)
f  x    x  4   23,
2
4. 2  f  x   29
25
min imum value  , x  4 5. (a) p=3
8
(b) the axis symmetry x  3
2 (c) maximum point 3,4
 2 1
(b) f  x   3 x    ,
 3 3 6. (b) a  2 , a  5
minimum value =23 , x  4
19
ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
MODULE 6
QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
20
CHAPTER 3 : QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
MODULE 4
3.1 Sketching graph of quadratic functions 2–3
Exercise 1 4-5
3.2 Quadratic Inequalities 6-7
Exercise 2 7-8
3.3 Assessment 9 - 11
3.4 Answer 12 - 14
21
Chapter 3 : Quadratic Functions
3.1 Sketching Graph of quadratic functions
Sketching Graph of
quadratic functions
shape of the
graph a ?
position of the
graph b2-4ac
max, a(x+p) 2+q min, a(x+p) +q

(-p,q) (-p,q)
f(x)=0
x=?
f(0)
mark all points and draw a smooth parabola
Example 1
Sketch the graph of the following quadratic function f  x   x 2  2 x
22
i) a  1  0  shape of the curve
ii) b 2  4ac   2   410 

2
= 40
iii) f  x   x 2  2 x
2 2
 2  2
= x  2x        
2
 2  2
= x 2  2 x   1   1
2 2
=  x  1  1
2
 the minimum point is 1,1
iv) f x   0
x  2x  0
2
x x  2   0
x = 0 or 2
v) f 0  0 2  20 
=0
vi) Sketch the graph

y
f x   x 2  2 x
x
2
1
, 1
23
Exercise 1
1. Sketch the graph of the following quadratic functions.
(a) f  x   x 2  4 x  6 (b) f  x   6 x  9  x 2
24
2. Sketch the graph of f  x   3 x 2  2 for 3. Given y  h  2kx  x 2  p   x  q  .

2
 2  x  3 and state the range of f(x) (a) Find the value of

(i) p
(ii) q
In terms of and/ or k
(b) If k=3, state the axis of
symmetry of the curve.
(c) It is given that the line y=4
touches the curve
y  h  2kx  x 2
(i) State h in term of k.
(ii) Hence, sketch the graph of
the curve
25
3.2 Quadratic Inequalities
Quadratic Inequalities
coefficient x 2 positive, a  0
f  x   ax 2  bx  c
x   x   
Sketch the graph minimum/ maximum point, two

intercepts x   , x  
State the range
26
Example 1
Find the range of values of x for which x 2  2 x  15  0
Solution
x 2  2 x  15  0
Let f  x   x 2  2 x  15
=  x  3 x  5
When f  x   0
x  3x  5  0
x  3 or 5
3 f x   0 5
For x 2  2 x  15  0
x  5 or x  3
Exercise 2
1. Find the range of value of x for which 2. Find the range of values of x for
x8  x   12 which x 2  7 x  10  0
27
3. Given that the quadratic equation 4. (a) Find the range of values of q for
2 x 2  2mx  5m  12 has roots, find the which 2 x 2  6 x  36  q has roots
range of value m. (b) Show that 5 x  6  2 x 2 is always
negative for all values of x.
28
Assessment
1. Sketch the graph of the quadratic function f  x    x  1 .

2
2. Given the quadratic function f  x   5 x  2  3 x 2 .

(a) Express f  x  in the forms of m x  n   p , where m, n and p are constants.
2
Determine whether f  x  has maximum or minimum point and state the value.
(b) Sketch the graph of f  x 
29
3. Skecth the graph of y  x 2  4 x  3 and find the range of values of y for 0  x  2
4. Given that x 2  k  2 x  k 2  1 has no roots, find the range of values of k.
30
5. (a) Given that 11x  6  2 x 2 , find the range of value of x.
(b) Given that the line 2 y  3  4 x and the curve 2 x 2  4 y 2  h  0 show that the line
do not meet if h  1
31
Answer 3. y
Exercise 1
3,4
1.
y
(a)
1 x
5
-5
6 x3
 2,2  x Assessment
(b) y 1.
f  x    x  1
2
3
x
-9
1
2. y
24 2
 5
2. (a) f  x   3 x   
1
 6  12
14
5 1
 a   3, n   , p 
6 12
-2 3 (b) x
2  f  x   29
5 4 , 112
2 1
2 3
3.
2,1
4
4.  k 0
5
1
5. (a) x  or x  6
2
(b) n  1
1

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CHAPTER 3 : QUADRARIC FUNCTIONS

3.1 CONCEPT MAP 2

3.2 Recognizing the quadratic functions 3

3.3 Graphs of quadratic functions 4

3.4 Shape of Graphs of quadratic functions 5

3.5 The position of graphs of quadratic functions 6

3.6 Maximum and minimum value of a quadratic functions 9

CHAPTER 3 : QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

A: RECOGNISING THE QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

Express the following quadratic functions in general form.

1. Determine whether each of the following functions is a quadratic functions

2. Express the following quadratic functions in general form

B. Graph of quadratic functions

The graphs of quadratic functions, f  x   ax 2  bx  c can be plotted based on the

C. Shape of graphs of quadratic functions

Quadratic functions Coefficient of x 2 Shape of the graph

D. The position of the graphs of quadratic functions with

The roots of f x   ax 2  bx  c  0 are given by

b 2  4ac  0 b 2  4ac  0 b 2  4ac  0

(a) f  x   2k  3x 2  4 x  8 (b) f  x   qx 2  8 x  q  6

(a) f  x   x 2  2n  1x  n 2  1 (b) f  x   2n  5x 2  6 x  9

(c) f  x   x 2  6nx  3n  1

2. Maximum and Minimum values of A Quadratic

The minimum value of f  x  is -7 when x  2  0 or x  2

1. Determine the maximum or minimum value of each of the following quadratic

Express the following quadratic functions in the form of a  x  p   q . Hence,

1. Given that the minimum value of the function f  x   x 2  4 x  m is 6, find the

4. Sketch the graph of f  x 3 x 2  2 for  2  x  3 and state the range of f  x  .

The diagram given shows the graph of the quadratic functions y   x  p   4 ,

(a) the value of p,

6. The minimum value of the quadratic function f  x   x 2  6hx  10h 2  4 is

(a) Show that a  h  2 by using the method of completing the square.

1. (a)Yes (a) Parabola with minimum point

1 (a) Has two equal roots

(b) -3, 2. (a) k  13 1

1 (a) Minimum value =  9 , x  4 1. q  3

CHAPTER 3 : QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

3.1 Sketching graph of quadratic functions 2–3

3.2 Quadratic Inequalities 6-7

Chapter 3 : Quadratic Functions

3.1 Sketching Graph of quadratic functions

max, a(x+p) 2+q min, a(x+p) +q

mark all points and draw a smooth parabola

Sketch the graph of the following quadratic function f  x   x 2  2 x

i) a  1  0  shape of the curve

ii) b 2  4ac   2   410 

 the minimum point is 1,1

vi) Sketch the graph

1. Sketch the graph of the following quadratic functions.

2. Sketch the graph of f  x   3 x 2  2 for 3. Given y  h  2kx  x 2  p   x  q  .

 2  x  3 and state the range of f(x) (a) Find the value of

3.2 Quadratic Inequalities

Sketch the graph minimum/ maximum point, two

State the range

Find the range of values of x for which x 2  2 x  15  0

1. Sketch the graph of the quadratic function f  x    x  1 .

2. Given the quadratic function f  x   5 x  2  3 x 2 .

3. Skecth the graph of y  x 2  4 x  3 and find the range of values of y for 0  x  2

4. Given that x 2  k  2 x  k 2  1 has no roots, find the range of values of k.

5. (a) Given that 11x  6  2 x 2 , find the range of value of x.

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