Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 34

http://sahatmozac.blogspot.

com

ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
MODULE 5

QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

CHAPTER 3 : QUADRARIC FUNCTIONS

MODULE 5

3.1 CONCEPT MAP 2


Exercise 1 2

3.2 Recognizing the quadratic functions 3

3.3 Graphs of quadratic functions 4


Exercise 2 4

3.4 Shape of Graphs of quadratic functions 5


Exercise 3 5

3.5 The position of graphs of quadratic functions 6


Exercise 4 6

3.6 Maximum and minimum value of a quadratic functions 9


Exercise 5 10

3.7 Assessment 12

Answer 18

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
1
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

CHAPTER 3 : QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

Quadratic Functions
f  x   ax 2  bx  c

f  x   a x  p   q
2

a0
a0

 p,q 

 p,q 
f  x  min  q f  x  max  q

a0 a0
Minimum point Maximum point
f min  q f min  q
Corresponding value x  p Corresponding value x  p
Coordinate minimum  p , q  Coordinate maximum  p , q 
Symmetrical equation, x  p Symmetrical equation, x=p

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
2
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

A: RECOGNISING THE QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

Example 1:

Express the following quadratic functions in general form.


a  f x   5  4 x  2 x 2
b g x   7 x  3x 2
Solution
(a) f  x   5  4 x  2 x 2
 2x 2  4x  5

(b) g  x   7 x  3x 2
 3 x 2  7

Exercise 1

1. Determine whether each of the following functions is a quadratic functions

(a) f  x   3 x 2  1 (b) f  x  
x
x 1

(c) f  x   x  5x 2 (d) f  x   x 3  7 x  5

2. Express the following quadratic functions in general form

(a) f  x   2  3x 2 (b) f  x   5 x  2 x 2

(c) f  x   4  x  x 2 (d) f  x   7  3 x  4 x 2

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
3
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

B. Graph of quadratic functions

The graphs of quadratic functions, f  x   ax 2  bx  c can be plotted based on the


tabulated values of x and f  x 

Example 1

Plot the following quadratic function graphs. Then label the axis of symmetry, maximum
point or minimum point for each graphs.

(a) f  x   x 2  x  2 for  3  x  3
(b) f  x   4 x  x 2 for  2  x  5

Solution

(a) f  x   x 2  x  2

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f x  8 4 2 2 4 8 14

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
4
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

(b) f  x   4 x  x 2

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
f x  -12 -5 0 3 4 3 0 -5

Exercise 2

1. Complete the table of values for each of the following quadratic functions. Plot
the graph f(x) . Label the axis of symmetry, maximum point or minimum point of
the graph.

(a) f x   2 x 2  x  5
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f  x  16 -5

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
5
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

(b) f  x   10  6 x  3x 2

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
f x 

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
6
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

C. Shape of graphs of quadratic functions

f  x   ax 2  bx  c

a0 a0

Exercise 1

1 Recognise the shapes of the graphs for the following quadratic functions.

Quadratic functions Coefficient of x 2 Shape of the graph


a. f x   x  x  4
2

b. f  x   3x 2  10 x

c. f x   7  4 x  x 2

d. f x   4 x 2  9

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
7
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

D. The position of the graphs of quadratic functions with


types of roots for f x   0

The roots of f x   ax 2  bx  c  0 are given by

x
b b 2
 4ac 
2a

b 2  4ac  0 b 2  4ac  0 b 2  4ac  0

Position of a0
the graph

a0

a0
Type of Two different
root root
a0

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
8
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

Exercise 4

1. Based on each of the following quadratic function graphs given, determine the
type of the roots of f  x   0

(a) (b)

(d)

(c)

2. Find the range of values of k if each of the following graphs of the quadratic
functions meets the x-axis at two points .

(a) f  x   2k  3x 2  4 x  8 (b) f  x   qx 2  8 x  q  6

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
9
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

3. Find the values of p if each of the following graph of the quadratic functions
touches the x-axis at one point.

(a) f  x   px 2  6 x  9 (b) f  x   3 x 2  4 x  2 p  1

4. Find the range of values of n if each of the following graphs of the quadratic
functions does not meet the x-axis

(a) f  x   x 2  2n  1x  n 2  1 (b) f  x   2n  5x 2  6 x  9

(c) f  x   x 2  6nx  3n  1


2
(d) f  x    x 2  2n  1x  n  2 

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
10
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

2. Maximum and Minimum values of A Quadratic


Functions

f x   ax 2  bx  c f  x   a x  p   q
2

a0 a0

f max  q f min  q

Example 1

Find the minimum value of each of the following quadratic functions. Hence, find the
corresponding value of x.
(a) f  x   x 2  4 x  3
(b) f  x   2 x 2  6 x  5

Solution
(a) f  x   x 2  4 x  3
2 2
4 4
 x  4x        3
2

2 2
 
 x  4x  22  22  3
2

 x  2   7
2

The minimum value of f  x  is -7 when x  2  0 or x  2

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
11
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

(b) f x   2 x 2  6 x  5
 5
 2 x 2  3x  
 2
 2 2
 3  3
2
5
 2 x  3x          
  2  2 2 
 3
2
9 5
 2  x     
 2 4 2 
 3
2
1
 2  x    
 2 4 
2
 3 1
 2 x   
 2 2
The minimum value of f  x  is
1 3 3
when x   0 or x 
2 2 2

Exercise 5

1. Determine the maximum or minimum value of each of the following quadratic


function and find the corresponding value of x.

(a) f  x   x 2  8 x  7 (b) f  x   6  5 x  2 x 2

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
12
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

Express the following quadratic functions in the form of a  x  p   q . Hence,


2
2.
find the maximum value or minimum value of f  x  and state the corresponding
value of x.

(a) f  x    x 2  8 x  7 (b) f  x   3 x 2  4 x  1

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
13
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

Assessments

1. Given that the minimum value of the function f  x   x 2  4 x  m is 6, find the


value of m.

Given the graph y  p  2q  x  has a maximum point of 3,4 . Find the
2
2.
value of p and q.

3. The quadratic equation x x  1  px  4 has two distinct roots. Find the range of
value of p.

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
14
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

4. Sketch the graph of f  x 3 x 2  2 for  2  x  3 and state the range of f  x  .

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
15
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

-5
(6,-5)

The diagram given shows the graph of the quadratic functions y   x  p   4 ,


2
5.
where p is a constant. Find

(a) the value of p,


(b) the axis symmetry,
(c) the coordinates of the maximum point.

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
16
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

6. The minimum value of the quadratic function f  x   x 2  6hx  10h 2  4 is


a 2  4h , where a and h are constants.

(a) Show that a  h  2 by using the method of completing the square.


(b) Hence, find the values of h and a if the function has an axis of symmetry
x  a2  4

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
17
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

Answer

Exercise 1 Exercise 2

1. (a)Yes (a) Parabola with minimum point


(b) No
(c) Yes (b) Parabola with maximum point
(d) No

2. (a) f x   3x 2  2
(b) f  x   2 x 2  5 x
(c) f x   x 2  x  4
(d) f  x   4 x 2  3 x  7

Exercise 3 Exercise 4

1 (a) Has two equal roots


(a) 1, (b) No real roots
(c) Two different roots
(d) Two different roots

(b) -3, 2. (a) k  13 1


3
(b)  2  q  8

3. (a) p=1
(c) -1, (b) P=14

4. (a) n  1
(b) n  2
1
(c) n  
(d) 4, 6
1
(d) n 
4

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
18
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

Exercise 5 Assessment

1 (a) Minimum value =  9 , x  4 1. q  3


73 5 2. m=10
(b) Maximum value  ,x  
8 4
3. p  3 or p  5
2. (a)
f  x    x  4   23,
2
4. 2  f  x   29
25
min imum value  , x  4 5. (a) p=3
8
(b) the axis symmetry x  3
2 (c) maximum point 3,4
 2 1
(b) f  x   3 x    ,
 3 3 6. (b) a  2 , a  5
minimum value =23 , x  4

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
19
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
MODULE 6

QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
20
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

CHAPTER 3 : QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

MODULE 4

3.1 Sketching graph of quadratic functions 2–3

Exercise 1 4-5

3.2 Quadratic Inequalities 6-7

Exercise 2 7-8

3.3 Assessment 9 - 11

3.4 Answer 12 - 14

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
21
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

Chapter 3 : Quadratic Functions

3.1 Sketching Graph of quadratic functions

Sketching Graph of
quadratic functions

shape of the
graph a ?

position of the
graph b2-4ac

max, a(x+p) 2+q min, a(x+p) +q


(-p,q) (-p,q)

f(x)=0
x=?

f(0)

mark all points and draw a smooth parabola

Example 1

Sketch the graph of the following quadratic function f  x   x 2  2 x

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
22
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

i) a  1  0  shape of the curve

ii) b 2  4ac   2   410 


2

= 40

iii) f  x   x 2  2 x
2 2
 2  2
= x  2x        
2

 2  2
= x 2  2 x   1   1
2 2

=  x  1  1
2

 the minimum point is 1,1

iv) f x   0
x  2x  0
2

x x  2   0
x = 0 or 2

v) f 0  0 2  20 
=0

vi) Sketch the graph


y

f x   x 2  2 x

x
2

1
, 1

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
23
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

Exercise 1

1. Sketch the graph of the following quadratic functions.

(a) f  x   x 2  4 x  6 (b) f  x   6 x  9  x 2

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
24
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

2. Sketch the graph of f  x   3 x 2  2 for 3. Given y  h  2kx  x 2  p   x  q  .


2

 2  x  3 and state the range of f(x) (a) Find the value of


(i) p
(ii) q
In terms of and/ or k
(b) If k=3, state the axis of
symmetry of the curve.
(c) It is given that the line y=4
touches the curve
y  h  2kx  x 2
(i) State h in term of k.
(ii) Hence, sketch the graph of
the curve

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
25
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

3.2 Quadratic Inequalities

Quadratic Inequalities

coefficient x 2 positive, a  0

f  x   ax 2  bx  c

x   x   

Sketch the graph minimum/ maximum point, two


intercepts x   , x  

State the range

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
26
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

Example 1

Find the range of values of x for which x 2  2 x  15  0

Solution

x 2  2 x  15  0
Let f  x   x 2  2 x  15
=  x  3 x  5
When f  x   0
x  3x  5  0
x  3 or 5

3 f x   0 5

For x 2  2 x  15  0
x  5 or x  3

Exercise 2

1. Find the range of value of x for which 2. Find the range of values of x for
x8  x   12 which x 2  7 x  10  0

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
27
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

3. Given that the quadratic equation 4. (a) Find the range of values of q for
2 x 2  2mx  5m  12 has roots, find the which 2 x 2  6 x  36  q has roots
range of value m. (b) Show that 5 x  6  2 x 2 is always
negative for all values of x.

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
28
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

Assessment

1. Sketch the graph of the quadratic function f  x    x  1 .


2

2. Given the quadratic function f  x   5 x  2  3 x 2 .


(a) Express f  x  in the forms of m x  n   p , where m, n and p are constants.
2

Determine whether f  x  has maximum or minimum point and state the value.
(b) Sketch the graph of f  x 

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
29
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

3. Skecth the graph of y  x 2  4 x  3 and find the range of values of y for 0  x  2

4. Given that x 2  k  2 x  k 2  1 has no roots, find the range of values of k.

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
30
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

5. (a) Given that 11x  6  2 x 2 , find the range of value of x.

(b) Given that the line 2 y  3  4 x and the curve 2 x 2  4 y 2  h  0 show that the line
do not meet if h  1

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
31
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

Answer 3. y

Exercise 1
3,4
1.
y
(a)

1 x
5
-5
6 x3
 2,2  x Assessment

(b) y 1.

f  x    x  1
2

3
x

-9
1

2. y

24 2
 5
2. (a) f  x   3 x   
1
 6  12
14
5 1
 a   3, n   , p 
6 12
-2 3 (b) x

2  f  x   29
5 4 , 112
2 1
2 3

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
http://sahatmozac.blogspot.com

3.

2,1

4
4.  k 0
5

1
5. (a) x  or x  6
2

(b) n  1

http://mathsmozac.blogspot.com
1

You might also like