CALCULATION

The permeate flux is defined by:

𝑄
𝐽=
𝑆

 J is permeate flux
 Q is permeate flow rate
 S is area of the membrane

The permeate flow rate defined by:

𝑉
𝑄=
𝑡

 V is volume of water permeate

 t is time water passing through the RO membrane

Example of calculation to find value of permeate flux value.

29 𝑚𝑙
𝑄=
20 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑙
= 1.45 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑚𝑙
1.45𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐽=
0.024𝑚2
𝑚𝑙
= 60.42
𝑚𝑖𝑛. 𝑚2

The value of membrane’s area is given by lab manual wich is 0.024m2

The membrane resistance, Rm can be calculated through the equation below :

△𝑃
𝑅𝑚 =
𝐽. µ

 △ 𝑃 is the pressure drop

 µ is the dynamic viscosity

Example calculation to find value of membrane resistance.

20 𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑅𝑚 = 𝑚𝑙
(1.48 × 10−10 𝑏𝑎𝑟. min)(60.42𝑚𝑖𝑛.𝑚 2

𝑚𝑙
2.24 × 109 𝑚2

Value of dynamic viscosity, µ is constant which is 1.48×10-10bar.min

 RESULT

Table 1: Volume of permeate flux, permeate flux and membrane resistance

Pressure(Bar) Volume of Permeate Permeate Membrane

Flux(ml) Flux(ml/min.m2) Resistance(ml/m2)

20 29 60.42 2.24×109
22 37 77.08 1.92×109
24 50 208.35 7.79×108
26 51 212.50 8.27×108
28 95 395.83 4.78×108
30 205 854.17 2.37×108

Effect of Differential Pressure

900
Permeate
800
Flux,
(ml/min.m2) 700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 10 20 30 40

Pressure,bar

Figure 1: Effect of differential pressure across RO membrane on solute

fluxes