‫‪Internet Global Network‬‬

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A global network is any communication
network which spans the entire Earth. The term, as
used in this article refers in a more restricted way
to bidirectional communication networks, and to
technology-based networks. Early networks such
as international mail and unidirectional communication
networks, such as radio and television, are described
elsewhere.
The first global network was established
using electrical telegraphy and global span was
achieved in 1899. The telephony network was the
second to achieve global status, in the 1950s. More
recently, interconnected IP networks (principally
the Internet, with estimated 2.5 billion users worldwide
in 2014 [1]), and the GSM mobile
communication network (with over 6 billion worldwide
users in 2014) form the largest global networks of all.
Setting up global networks requires immensely costly
and lengthy efforts lasting for decades. Elaborate
interconnections, switching and routingdevices, out
physical carriers of information, such as land
and submarine cables and earth stations must be set
in operation. In addition, international communication
protocols, legislation and agreements are involved.
Global networks might also refer to networks of
individuals (such as scientists), communities (such
as cities) and organizations (such as civil
organizations) worldwide which, for instance, might
have formed for the management, mitigation and
resolval of global issues.

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Contents :-
1-Satellite global networks
2-Mobile wireless networks
3-Network interconnection
4-Social and economic impact

Satellite global networks :-

Communication satellites are an important part of global

networks.
However, there are specific low Earth orbit (LEO) global
satellite constellations, such as Iridium, Globalstar and
Orbcomm,
which are comprised by dozens of similar satellites
which are put in orbit at regularly spaced positions and
form a mesh network,
sometimes sending and receiving information directly
among themselves.
Using VSAT technology, satellite internet access has
become possible.

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Mobile wireless networks :-

It is estimated that 80% of the global mobile market

uses the GSM standard, present in more than 212
countries and territories.
Its ubiquity makes international roaming very common
between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers
to use their phones in many parts of the world.
In order to achieve this, these networks must be
interconnected by way of peering arrangements, and
therefore the GSM network is a truly global one .

Network interconnection :-

The telegraph and telex communication networks have

been phased out, so interconnection among existing
global networks arise at several points, such as between
the voice telephony and digital data networks, and
between these and satellite networks.
Many applications run now on several networks, such as
VoIP (voice over IP).

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Mobile communication (voice and data) networks are
also intimately intertwinned, because the majority of
21st century cell phones have both voice and data
(internet navigation and emailing) capabilities.

Digital global networks require huge carrying capacity in

the main backbones. This is currently achieved by fiber
optic cables .

Social and economic impact :-

The Canadian sociologist Marshall McLuhan was the first

to forecast the huge impact of the matrix of global
networks upon society, coining the term global village.
His work, however, related to radio and television
networks, which are broadcast (unidirectional)
networks, thus predating the much larger impact of the
internet .

Global networks have revolutionized human

communication several times. The first to do so was the
electrical telegraph. Its impact was so large that it has
been dubbed the Victorian Internet.

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It was expanded many times in its coverage with the
advent of radiotelegraphy, and with text messaging
using telex machines .

The Internet and mobile communication networks have

made possible entirely new forms of social interaction,
activities and organizing, thanks to its basic features
such as widespread usability and access, and instant
communication from any connected point to another.
Thus, its social impact has been, and still is, enormous.
Finally, the impact on governance have been significant
facilitating the emergence of 'transnational policy
networks' .