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List Out Any Two Merits of AC and DC Transmission.: On Off
List Out Any Two Merits of AC and DC Transmission.: On Off
UNIT – I : INTRODUCTION
PART – A (2 Marks)
4. Define - Reliability
The reliability of DC transmission system is quite good on exhaustive record of existing HVDC
lines in the world in available from which the reliability statistics can be computed from the
development of LTT.
5. Define - Energy Availability
It is defined as,
Energy Availability=100 (1 - equivalent outage time)
Where equivalent outage time is the product of the actual outage time and the fraction of
system capacity lost to outage.
10. What are the factors to be considered for planning HVDC transmission?
The factors to be considered are,
i. Cost
ii. Technical performance
iii. Reliability
Year Power
Sl.No. System/Project Supplier Voltage
Rating (MW) (kV)
National HVDC
1. 1989 BHEL 100 100
project-stage-I
1. Explain in detail, the economic choice of voltage level selected in DC transmission system.
2. Explain in detail, the technological development in control and protection for better performance and
reliability of dc transmission system.
10. Explain in detail, the HVDC transmission based on voltage source converters.
UNIT – II : ANALYSIS OF HVDC CONVERTERS
1. For a 3 phase 6 pulse gratez's circuit draw the timing diagram considering overlap angle is less than 60
degree and without overlap for the following:
a. Voltage across load
2. Explain in detail, the individual characteristics of a rectifier and an inverter with sketches.(
6. Why is current control used in the rectifier station under normal operating conditions?
i. The inverter can now be operated at minimum value thereby to minimize the reactive
power consumption.
ii. The operation at minimum extinction angle at the inverter and current control at the
rectifier results in better voltage regulation them the operation with minimum delay angle
at the rectifier and current control at the inverter.
iii. The current during line fault are automatically limited with rectifier station in current
control.
10. What is the need for transformer tap changer control of HVDC converter?
The tap changing transformer is used to increase the power factor obtained in the AC side and
maintain the operating point at point A or B in the Vd - Id characteristics of rectifier and inverter
by the use tap changing transformer.
5. What are the different factors to be considered for selection of harmonic filter?
I. Harmonic distortion
II. Telephone influence factor
III. IT product
IV. Telephone harmonic form factor
( ⁄ )
2. Write the necessary equations for the bus voltage estimates used in fast decoupled power flow
method.
The necessary equations for the bus voltage estimates used in fast decoupled power flow method
are:
⁄ [ ]
⁄ [ ]
( ⁄ )( ⁄ )( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
8. Write the real power and reactive power equations for the AC bus.
The real power and reactive power equations of the AC bus are,
∑
9. What are the different types of control used for the controller?
The different types of control used for the controller are:
I. Current control
II. DC voltage control
III. Power control
IV. Reactive power control
∑ =1
11. Write the equation for the base resistance of the converter.
The equation of the base resistance of the converter is,
⁄
12. What are the different methods to solve AC/DC power flow?
The different methods to solve AC/DC power flow are:
I. Simultaneous or unified method
II. Sequential or alternating method
2. Explain in detail, the per unit system of DC quantities and inclusion of constraints.
4. Explain in detail, the power flow analysis of VSC based HVDC system.