HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS Licensing Standards PDF

‫معايير ترخيص المهنيين الصحيين‬
HEALTHCARE
PROFESSIONALS
LICENSING STANDARDS
16 March 2017
1.1.
1
Contents
Definitions: ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Acronyms: .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Preface: ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
1. Licensure General Requirements .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.1 Educational Qualifications ................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2 Professional Experience ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.3 Professional License and Good Standing Status ....................................................................................................................................... 14
1.4 Primary Source Verification ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.5 Licensure examination (BLE) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.5.1 BLE is applicable to some professions as indicated by related legislations ............................................................................................... 15
1.6 BLE Exemption Policy ................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
1.7 Examination Attempts ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16
1.8 Discontinuity of Practice............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
2. Renewal of Licenses ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
3. General Comments: ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
CHAPTER ONE: PHYSICIANS ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
Requirements and Considerations ................................................................................................................................................................... 21
1. Physicians Licensure Requirements ......................................................................................................................................................... 21
2. Special Considerations ............................................................................................................................................................................. 22
3. Credentialing ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 22
4. Qualification and Experience Requirements for Physicians Licensure.................................................................................................... 23
5. Recognized Specialty Certificates ............................................................................................................................................................ 25
6. Recognized Specialty Titles for Licensing............................................................................................................................................... 43
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7. Sub-Specialties: ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 49
Visiting Physicians:......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
CHAPTER TWO: DENTIST.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 56
Requirements & Considerations ...................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Recognized Dental Specialty Certificates ........................................................................................................................................................ 59
Recognized Specialties Titles for Licensing ..................................................................................................................................................... 63
Visiting Dentists:............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 64
CHAPTER THREE: NURSES ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 65
Nurses Licensure Requirements ................................................................................................................................................................................. 67
Qualification and Experience Requirements for Nursing Licensure ............................................................................................................. 68
Recognized Specialty Titles for Nursing Licensure ........................................................................................................................................ 67
CHAPTER FOUR: PHARMACISTS................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
Pharmacists Licensure Requirements......................................................................................................................................................................... 69
CHAPTER FIVE: ALLIED HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS .......................................................................................................................................... 71
Allied Healthcare Professionals Licensure Requirements ............................................................................................................................................ 73
Qualification and Experience Requirements for Allied Healthcare professional ......................................................................................... 74
1. Anesthesia ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 74
2. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) .............................................................................................................................................. 75
3. Audiology................................................................................................................................................................................................. 76
4. Cardiac Perfusion ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 76
5. Cardiovascular Technology ...................................................................................................................................................................... 77
6. Cast Technician ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 81
7. Central Sterile Services (CSS) ................................................................................................................................................................. 81
8. Clinical Dietetics and Nutrition................................................................................................................................................................ 82
9. Dental Clinical Support ............................................................................................................................................................................ 83
10. Electro-Neurodiagnostics ......................................................................................................................................................................... 84
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11. Emergency Medical Services ................................................................................................................................................................... 85
12. Genetic Counselor .................................................................................................................................................................................... 86
13. Hair Transplant Technician ...................................................................................................................................................................... 86
14. Laser Hair Removal Technician ............................................................................................................................................................... 87
15. Medical Imaging ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
16. Medical Laboratory .................................................................................................................................................................................. 89
17. Medical Physics........................................................................................................................................................................................ 91
18. Radiation Therapy .................................................................................................................................................................................... 91
19. Occupational Therapy* ............................................................................................................................................................................ 92
20. Operation Theatre Technology................................................................................................................................................................. 92
21. Optometry* .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 93
22. Physiotherapy ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 101
23. Podiatry .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 101
24. Prosthetics and Orthotics........................................................................................................................................................................ 102
25. Psychology* ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 103
26. Renal Dialysis ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 104
27. Respiratory Therapy ............................................................................................................................................................................... 104
28. Speech Therapy ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 105
CHAPTER SIX: TRADITIONAL COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (TCAM) .............................................................................................. 106
Requirements and Considerations ................................................................................................................................................................. 114
TCAM Healthcare Professionals Licensure Requirements ...................................................................................................................................... 114
Recognized Specialties Titles for Licensing ................................................................................................................................................... 115
Required Qualifications..................................................................................................................................................................................... 116
1. Physicians............................................................................................................................................................................................... 116
2. Non-physicians....................................................................................................................................................................................... 118
References ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 120
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Definitions:
Authority: National Health Regulatory Authority
Continuing Professional Development (CPD): A range of learning activities through which healthcare professionals maintain and
develop their knowledge and skills throughout their career to ensure that they retain their capacity to practice safely, effectively and
legally within their evolving scope of practice. CPD is also referred to as Continuing Medical Education (CME).
Credentialing: A process whereby specific licensing title is assigned to a healthcare professional based on recognized and
accredited qualifications, training, experience and current practice.
Experience: Hands on clinical experience gained by a licensed healthcare professional during a salaried employment/contractual
period and it excludes volunteer jobs, observership, or clinical attachment.
Fitness to practice: A status where the healthcare professional is able to consistently demonstrate ability to practice without any
impediments i.e. physical or others.
Gap of Practice: A defined period of discontinuation of clinical experience/ practice.
Good Standing Certificate (GSC): A certificate showing evidence that the healthcare professional is competent to
practice the profession, has not been found guilty of unprofessional conduct, and that there are no pending or previous
disciplinary orders or criminal proceedings against the healthcare professional.
Healthcare Profession: A field of healthcare recognized by the Authority.

Healthcare Professional: A person who by education, training, certification and licensure is qualified to provide healthcare services.
Internship: A period of supervised clinical practice pursued by graduates of healthcare programs to consolidate the knowledge & skill
gained during their recognized college study.
License: A permission granted by the Authority to practice a healthcare profession.
Licensing: A process of granting a legally protected professional title by the Authority.
Primary Source Verification: A process of validating documents required for licensure from the issuing organization.
Qualification: An educational evidence granted by universities, colleges, academic institutes or schools that are nationally accredited
or formally recognized.
Tier: A term used to indicate a category of post graduate qualifications for physicians and dentists based on the level and
the presence of the following:
o Structure of the academic program
o Training governance
o Training curriculum when needed
o Entry level examination
o Defined program competency framework
o Competency based assessment during training
o Hands-on training and independent practice
o Progression of responsibility during training and measurable outcomes at each level
o Final certifying exam
o Independence to practice post qualification
o Requirement to maintain the licensing/ qualification
Acronyms:
ACLS: Advanced Cardiac Life Support
AIMS: Australian Institute of Medical laboratory Sciences
ARRT: American Registry of Radiological Technologists
ASAR: Australian Sonography Accreditation Registry
ASCP: American Society for Clinical Pathology
BLE: Bahrain Licensing Examination
BLS: Basic Life Support
BDS Bachelor of Dental Surgery
BSc: Bachelor of Science
CME: Continuing Medical Education
CPD: Continuing Professional Development
CSMLS: Canadian Society for Medical laboratory Sciences
CSRT: Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists
CSS: Central Sterile Services
DDS: Doctor of Dental Surgery
DMD: Doctor of Medical Dentistry

ECG: Electrocardiogram
EEG: Electroencephalogram
EMG: Electromyogram
FAIMER: Foundation for the Advancement International Medical Education and Research
GP: General Practitioner
GSC: Good Standing Certificate
HCPC: Health and Care Professions Council - United Kingdom
ICU: Intensive Care Unit
IMED: International Medical Education Directory
IVF: In Vitro Fertilization
MBBS: Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
MBChB: Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae
MLT: Medical Laboratory Technologist
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

NBRC: National Board of Respiratory Care
NHRA: National health regulatory authority
NRP: Neonatal Resuscitation Program
PALS: Pediatric Advanced Life Support
PHARM. D: Doctor of Pharmacy
PQR: Professional Qualification Requirements
PHD: Doctor of philosophy
PHTLS: Pre Hospital Trauma Life Support
RRT: Registered Respiratory Therapist
UK: United Kingdom
USA: United State of America
WHO: World Health Organization
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INTRODUCTION
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Preface:
The Supreme Council of Health (SCH) in Kingdom of Bahrain is pleased to present the unified Healthcare professionals
Qualification Requirements (PQR) which represents a milestone towards fulfilling the kingdom’s objectives to improve the
healthcare service provision across the country.
This document provides a base for all health care facilities both in the governmental and private sector to assess the documents
submitted by applicants within their geographical jurisdiction to ensure safe and competent delivery of services. Moreover, it places
an emphasis on educational standards, experience and licensure requirements for healthcare professionals to be licensed to practice
safely in Kingdom of Bahrain and in accordance with Bahrain laws and benchmarked international best practices.
The SCH would like to acknowledge the efforts of all individuals who have contributed towards compilation of this document and
would like to thank them for their dedicated efforts and assistance.
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1. Licensure General Requirements
Applicants must fulfill all the following requirements in order to qualify for licensure:
1.1 Educational Qualifications

 Qualification when needed must be nationally accredited by the Ministry of Education in Bahrain
 Qualifications must be issued by institutions/ colleges recognized in home country
 At the entry level, minimum qualification requirement is high school certificate as per country specific education.
 Qualifications are evaluated in accordance to the following criteria:
o The country and institution from which the qualification was awarded
o The level of national /international recognition of the qualification
o The duration and content of study, and the presence of clinical practice/ practical training.
o Qualifications acquired through honorary nature, correspondence or distance learning are not counted towards the
PQR requirements.
 Qualifications not mentioned in this document may be evaluated and reviewed by NHRA which may grant the
applicant with the appropriate title.
1.2 Professional Experience

1.2.1: Internship
o All Physicians and Dentists are required to successfully complete one (1) year internship post- graduation.
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1.2.2: Experience:
 The applicant’s experience must be relevant to the title applied for, and must have been accomplished in an
appropriate setting licensed by the Health Regulatory Authority in the country of practice.
- Bahraini nationals and Non-Bahrainis with residence permit: are exempted from experience requirements
for the basic entry level.
- Non Bahraini nationals: required to fulfill experience as per their relevant titles according to the PQR.
1.3 Professional License and Good Standing Status

 The applicant must have a valid professional license to practice, or registration (where applicable) from home country
and/or country of last employment.
 The applicant must prove registration (where applicable) to cover the minimum required experiences for the
applied title.
 Good Standing Certificate (GSC) must meet the following requirements:
 Valid and not older than six (6) months at the time of application for licensure
 Issued by the Health Regulatory Authority in the country(s) of last employment.
 NHRA may request more evidence or conduct investigations if deemed necessary to prove the status of good
conduct of the healthcare professional.
 The applicant must declare that he/she has never been convicted with any legal cases, medical malpractice
during his/her practice of the healthcare profession or he/she is currently under investigation.
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1.4 Primary Source Verification
 The documents required for licensing shall be verified directly from the original or primary source
 These documents include but not limited to: educational qualification(s), experience certificate(s), professional
license(s) and/or any other documents deemed necessary by NHRA.
1.5 Licensure examination (BLE)

1.5.1 BLE is applicable to some professions as indicated by related legislations
Healthcare Professionals are required to pass NHRA’s BLE in order to obtain the professional license in the Kingdom of
Bahrain
The professions currently required to go through the examinations include:
 Medical Practitioner
 Dental Practitioner
 Nurses
 Optometrist
 Pharmacist
 The above list might be updated if there is any update in professionals’ laws in the future.
1.6 BLE Exemption Policy

As per decision number 11 for the year 2015 pertaining to the licensure examinations, the following applicants may be
exempted from the licensure examination:
1. Applicants who hold higher specialization qualifications (Master’s degrees as a minimum)

2. Bahraini or GCC nationals who hold a valid GCC License
3. Applicants who have enough clinical experience (post internship) as per table below
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Profession Years of Experience
Physicians 10 Years
Dentists 10 Years
Pharmacists 7 Years
Nursing 5 Years
Optometrists 3 Years
Please note that all licensure examinations dates are fixed and available on NHRA website
1.7 Examination Attempts

1.7.1 Applicant may attempt the licensure examination four consecutive time provided that the attempts are done within a
maximum of three years from the date of the first attempt.
1.7.2 An applicant who fails four consecutive times is required to go through a period of training of no less than six
months in a licensed facility and to provide proof of completion of this training. For physicians the training should
cover the basic medical fields including medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and obstetrics & gynecology which should
cover at least four months of the total training period required.
1.7.3 After proof of completion of training, the applicant may attempt the licensure examination twice provided that the
attempts are within a two years from the date of completion of the training period.
1.8 Discontinuity of Practice

This section applies to Bahrainis ONLY and Non Bahraini if residence of Bahrain.
 Healthcare professionals who have an interruption of clinical practice exceeding two (2) years and opting to be
licensed in Bahrain kingdom must follow the CME/CPD requirements below
 All CME/CPD credits must be related to practice specialty of the healthcare professional, and according to the
CME/CPD specific requirements of NHRA
 All applicants are required to complete a clinical training program which shall be determined by NHRA in
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the specialty field.
 All clinical training programs shall be carried out in an approved practice setting by the NHRA
 All applicants after completion of CME/CPD credits and clinical training program are required to pass NHRA
licensure assessment to obtain the license to practice.
Gap of Physicians/Dentists Nurses Allied Health TCAM Pharmacists

Practice
From two to  60 CME/CPD credits  40 CME/CPD credits  20 CME/CPD credits  20 CME/CPD credits  50 CME/CPD credits
less than  6 months of training  6 months of training  6 months of training  6 months of training  6 months of training
three years
From three to  90 CME/CPD credits  60 CME/CPD credits  30 CME/CPD credits 30 CME/CPD credits  75 CME/CPD
less than four  8 months of training  8 months of training  8 months of training  8 months of training credits
years  8 months of
training
From Four to  120 CME/CPD credits  80 CME/CPD credits  40 CME/CPD credits  40 CME/CPD credits  100CME/CPD credits
less than Five  10 months of training  10 months of training  10 months of training  10 months of training  10 months of
years training
From Five to  150 CME/CPD credits  100 CME/CPD credits  50 CME/CPD credits  50 CME/CPD credits  125 CME/CPD
Ten years  12 months of training  12 months of training  12 months of training  12 months of training credits
only)  12 months of
training
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2. Renewal of Licenses
2.1 The following minimum annual CME/CPD requirements must be fulfilled. CME/CPD must be relevant to the field of
the specialty:
Licensing Category Minimum CME/CPD

Required
Physicians and Dentists 30
Nurses 20
Pharmacists 25
Allied Health 10
Traditional Complementary and Alternative 10

Medicine (TCAM)
2.2 Physicians may apply for a re-categorization of their license supported by a formal competency letter
from the facility director/head of department in order for NHRA to evaluate the request.
2.3The NHRA may re-assess a physician’s competencies if it deems necessary. NHRA may also re-
categorize a physician accordingly.
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3. General Comments:
 License categories are independent from employment titles.
 Health care facilities may not employ a physician at a higher category than that given by NHRA.
 NHRA reserves the right to re-evaluate any physician should the need arise
 License can be renewed up to a maximum of 5 years.
 These standards shall be reviewed once every three years.
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CHAPTER ONE: PHYSICIANS
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Requirements and Considerations
1. Physicians Licensure Requirements
Physicians applying for licensure must fulfill the following requirements:
 Must be graduates from an allopathic Medical School/College listed in the Avicenna Directory of Medical schools
published by the World Health Organization (WHO) or the International Medical Education Directory (IMED) of the
Foundation for the Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER) and recognized by
Ministry of education of Bahrain.
 All Physicians are required to successfully complete one year (12 months) internship post- graduation.
 Non Bahraini applicants must hold a valid License/Registration to practice in their home country and/or country of
last employment (where applicable).
 Specialty certificates will be accepted with the following conditions:

o Must be obtained after a full-time structured clinical residency program of minimum three (3) years course
duration.
o Clinical Master degree of minimum two (2) years of full time course duration.
o Clinical PhD of minimum three (3) years course duration.
 New qualifications not motioned in this document should be studied and approved by NHRA
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2. Special Considerations
 Experience:
o Non Bahraini nationals:
 Graduates from Bahrain universities: exempt from experience post internship if residence of Bahrain for basic
entry level only
o Graduates from non-Bahraini universities are required to fulfill experience as per their relevant titles according to
the PQR.
o Bahraini nationals:
 Are not required to have clinical experience post internship for the basic entry level.
 Tier Two Qualifications:
For physicians who hold Tier Two qualifications and go through a structured fellowship training of no less than one
year, the period of the fellowship will be calculated as part of the clinical experience required for that tier.
3. Credentialing
The following standard will apply to Bahraini national physicians who started post graduate training prior to the publication of
this PQR:
 If the qualification obtained is moved to a lower tier in the new PQR, then the previous credentialing criteria will apply
 If the experience required is reduced in this current PQR, then the new criteria will be applied.
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4. Qualification and Experience Requirements for Physicians Licensure
Hospital License Category Qualifications Experience and Other Requirements

Title
No license or MBBS or MBChB or equivalent

Intern registration is qualification from an accredited No experience required
required for this institution
category
MBBS or MBChB or equivalent Successful completion of internship program and passing licensure
Resident qualification from an accredited examination
institution
Senior MBBS or MBChB or equivalent

General License qualification from an accredited Two (2) years Clinical Experience OR minimum of five years of clinical
Resident
institution . and having an experience post internship is required FOR Non Bahrain
international enter degree
(MRCS,MRCP..etc ) or First Board
exam
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3
MBBS or MBChB or equivalent

qualification from an accredited
institution
Chief Specialist And 3 years of
No experience 1 year of
resident Completion of specialty qualification experience
required experience
as per the Recognized Specialty
Certificate table
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Category Qualifications Experience and Other Requirements
MBBS or MBChB or equivalent qualification from an

accredited institution Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3
And
(1) years of experience
Consultant Completion of specialty qualification as per the Recognized (3) years of
Post Qualification*
Specialty Certificate table Experience Cannot attain the title
Post
Qualification
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5. Recognized Specialty Certificates
Country Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3

Algeria Certificate of Specialization
Arab Arab Board in Family Medicine Arab Board in other specialties

Countries Or
Arab Board in other specialties in
addition to clinical fellowship of one
or two years duration
Specialisation Certificate issued by the
Argentina Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y Salud
Facharztdiplom (Diploma of medical

specialist) issued by
Austria ÖsterreichischeArztekammer
An ArztfürAllgemeinmedizin
(Diploma of general medicine)
Fellowship of the Royal
College/Colleges
Note: fellowship should be by
Australia
Exam and not by endorsement
or election.
Fellow of the Bangladesh College of
Bangladesh Physicians and Surgeons
Note: fellowship should be by Exam and not
by endorsement or election
Master of Surgery (MS)
Doctor of Medicine (MD)
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Kandidat Nauk
Belarus
First Degree of Specialization
Bijzondereberoepstitel van
geneesheerspecialist/Titre professionnel
particuier de médecin spécialiste
awarded by the Minister bevoegdvoor
Volksgezoondheid/Ministre de la Santé
Publique
(Formal evidence of having qualified as
Belgium
a medical specialist issued by the
Minister of Public Health)
Bijzondereberoepstitel van huisarts/Titre
professional particulier de médecin
généraliste
(certificate of specific training for
general medical practice)
Bosnia and Certificate of successful
Herzegovina completion of the specialist exam
"Titulo De Especialista" Issued by
Brazilian Medical Association and
the Brazilian College of Surgeons
Brazil And
Registered with the Regional
Councils or Federal Medical
Council as a Specialists
СвидетелствозапризнатаСпециа
лност ( Evidence of Recognized
Specialty) awarded by the
Bulgaria
Университет (University)
26
Свидетелствозапризнатаспециал
ностпоОбщамедицина
(certificate recognised specialty in
General Medicine)
Evidence of successful completion
College of Physicians and
of university-based clinical
Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC)
residency program accredited by
Canada
the Royal College of Physicians
Certification by the College of
and Surgeons of
Family Physicians of Canada
Canada (for Bahraini’s national
(CFPC)
only)
Evidence of successful completion
of an accredited residency
Chile program and specialty certificate
issued by the Medical School in
which residency was done
Evidence of clinical training
(minimum two (2) years) program
China accredited by the National
Committee of Academic Degree
leading to a Master’s Degree
Diploma o specijalističkom
usavršavanju in specijalist
obiteljske medicine issued by the
Ministarstvo nadležno za
Croatia zdravstvo
Diploma o specijalističkom
usavršavanju issued by the
Specijalist obiteljske medicine
Cuba First Degree of Specialization
27
Bevis for tilladelsetil at betegne sig
somspeciallaege
(Certificate concerning the title of
Specialist -Issued by Authority of health
services (Sundhedsstyrelsen). ΤίτλοςΕιδικότητας Γενικής
Tilladelsetil at Ιατρικής (title of specialisation in
Denmark anvendebetegnelsenalmentpraktiserende General Medicine)
læge/Speciallæge i almenmedicin Doctor of Medicine (MD)
Egypt Egyptian board/fellowship
(certificate or for
of specific training PhDgeneral
medical practice) Clinical Master Degree
Residentuuri lõputunnistus
Estonia eriarstiabi erialal awarded by Tartu
University
Diplom peremeditsiini erialal

(Diploma of family medicine)
Tilladelsetil at
anvendebetegnelsenalmentpraktiserende
læge/Speciallæge i almenmedicin
28
Erikoislääkarin tutkinto/ Special
läkarexamen
(Certificate of degree of specialist in
medicine awarded by a Finnish
University).
Finland
Todistus yleislääketieteen
erityiskoulutuksesta/Bevis om särskild
allmänläkarutbildning (Certificate of
specific training for general medical
practice)
Certificat d'études spécialisées de

médecine (CES)
(Certificate of Specialised Studies in
Medicine issued by French University
with Full license issued by Conseil
National de l’ordre des médecins)
Diplôme d'études spécialisées/Diplôme Diplôme Interuniversitaire de

d'études spécialisées complémentaires Spécialité (DIS)
France
qualifiant de médecine (Interuniversity Diploma of
(DESC - diploma of complementary medical specialty)
specialised studies) issued by French
University
Diplôme d'études spécialisées de

medicine générale
(qualification in general medicine)
30
Fachärztliche Anerkennung/Urkunde
(Certificate of medical specialist issued
by State’s Medical Council
(Arztekammer))
Germany Zeugnisüber die
Spezifische Ausbildung in der
Allgemeinmedizin
(Certificate of specialist training in
general medicine)
Τίτλoς IατρικήςΕιδικότητας
(Certificate of medical
specialisation -awarded by Greek
region of medical specialization)
Greece
Tίτλος ιατρικήςειδικότητας
γενικής ιατρικής
Specialist training from a recognized
post-graduate training program in Hong
Kong
Hong Kong
And
Fellowship of Hong Kong Academy of
Medicine (HKAM)
Háziorvostan Szakorvosi bizonyítvány
issued by NemzetiVizsgabizottság
(Hungarian specialist certificate
Hungary
awarded by National Board of
Examination)
Before 28 August 2004 awarded by
31
the Hungarian Ministry of Health.
Sérfræðileyfi
(Certificate of specialist in
medicine- issued by The
Directorate of Health).
Iceland
An Almennt heimilislækningaleyfi
(Evrópulækningaleyfi) (certificate
of specific training for general
practice)
Doctorate of Medicine (DM) + Doctor of

Medicine (MD)
India
Magister Chirurgiae (MCH) + Master of Doctor of Medicine (MD)
Surgery (MS)
Diplomate of National Board (DNB) Master of Surgery (MS)
Specialization certificate minimum
Iran
three (3) years
Iraqi Board issued by the Iraqi Clinical Master\s degree
Iraq Commission of Medical Specialties
Certificate of Satisfactory
Completion of Specialist
Training (CSCST)/
Membership/ MRCP, MRCPed,

MRCOG, MRCOpth,
Ireland
Fellowship of the Royal MRCOrth, MRCGP
Colleges in the specialty
32
Diploma of specialized doctor granted
by a rector of an Italian university (A
Diploma di (medico) specialista,
Italy rilasciati dal rettore di unauniversita)
An Attesto di formazionespecifica in
medicinagenerale (certificate of specific
training for general medical practice).
Clinical PhD
Japan Note: and minimum two (2) years
course duration
Jordanian Board issued by the Certificate of Higher
Jordan
Jordanian Medical Council Specialization
Master’s degree
Saudi board by the Saudi Saudi board by the Saudi Commission
Commission for Health for Health Specialties
Specialties with a minimum of
Kingdom of Saudi one year of structured sub-
Arabia specialty fellowship
Board Certification by the Kuwait

Board under the Kuwait Institute for
Kuwait
Medical Specialization/Ministry of
Health
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'Sertifikāts'—kompetentu iestāžu
izsniegts dokuments, kasapliecina,
ka persona ir nokārtojusi
sertifikācijas eksāmenu
specialitātē (specialist certificate)
Latvia awarded by the Latvian Medical
Association
Ģimenes Ārsta Sertifikāts
(certificate of specialist training)
awarded by the Latvian Medical
Association
Certificate of Completion of
Certificate of completion of residency residency and exit exam from all
and exit exam from St Joseph other Lebanese Universities. The
Lebanon
University, Lebanese University, or residency program should not be
American University of Beirut with less than three (3) years course
an exit certificate. American duration
board/French diploma
The Libyan Board of Medical
Libya
Specialty
Rezidentūros pažymėjimas,
nurodantis suteiktą gydytodjo
specialisto profesinę kvalifikaciją
(Certificate of resident studies,
Lithuania
which shows the qualification as a
specialized medical doctor)
awarded by a Lithuanian
University
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Šeimos gydytojo rezidentūros
pažymėjimas (certificate of family
medicine) awarded by a
Lithuanian University
Certificat de médicin spécialiste
issued by the Ministre de la Santé
Luxembourg publique
Diplôme de formation spécifique
en médicine genérale
Potrdilo o opravljenem
specialisticnem izpitu (Certificate
of successful completion of the
Macedonia
specialist exam) issued by the
Medical Chamber of
Macedonia/university
Master Degree minimum 4 years
Malaysia
course duration
Ċertifikat ta' Speċjalista Mediku
(Medical Specialist Certificate)
awarded by the Kumitat ta'
Approvazzjoni dwar Speċjalisti
Malta (Specialist Accreditation
Committee)
Tabib tal-Familja awarded by the
Kumitat ta' Approvazzjoni dwar
Speċjalisti
Evidence of minimum three (3)
Mexico years residency program with a
Specialist degree
Kandidat Nauk
Moldova
Magista PhD
35
Certificate of successful
Montenegro
completion of the specialist exam
Diplome de Specialite Medicale
Morocco (specialty degree issued by
National Doctor Authority)
Bewijis van inschrijving in een
Specialistenregister (Certificate of
recognition
And
Registration/certificate of entry in the
Specialist Register)
o Medisch Specialisten Registratie
Commissie (MRSC)
o Sociaal-Geneeskundigen Registratie
Comissie
o Huisarts en Verpleeghuisarts
Registratie Comissie (HVRC) van
de Koninklike Nederlandsche
Netherland Maatschappij tot Bevordering der
Geneeskunst – note that only
certificates issued before 19 July
2007 are accepted from this
awarding body
o Registratie Comissie Geneeskundig
Specialisten (RGS)
Certificaat van inschrijving in een
specialistenregister van huisartsen
awarded by any of the following:
o Huisarts en Verpleeghuisarts
Registratie Comissie (HVRC)
o Registratie Comissie Geneeskundig
Specialisten (RGS)
36
College/Colleges
New Zealand (the fellowship should be by
Exam and not an endorsed or
elected fellowship)
Fellowship of the west African
Nigeria
College of Physicians or Surgeons
Spesialistgodkjenning issued by the
Den Norske Legeforening (Medical
Association of Norway) or Norwegian
Directorate of Health
Bevis for kompetanse som
Norway allmennpraktiserende lege/Godkjenning
som allmennpraktiserende lege
general medical practice) issued by
Norwegian Registration Authority for
Health Personnel (SAK)
Oman Medical Specialty Board
Oman Certificate issued by the Ministry of
Health
Fellowship of College of Physicians and MD in Clinical Medicine
Surgeons in Pakistan (FCPS)
Pakistan
Philippines Diplomate of the Philippine Board
37
(Specialist Diploma) Dyplom
uzyskania tytulu specjalisty issued by
the Centrum Egzaminow Medycznych
Poland First Degree of Specialization
Dyplom uzyskania tytulu specjalisty w
dziedzinie medycyny rodzinnej
(specialist in family medicine) issued by
the Centrum Egzaminow Medycznych
Título de Especialista (professional
award of specialist) issued by the Ordem
dos Medicos
Portugal Título de especialista em medicina geral
e familiar (certificate of specific training
for general medical practice) issued by
Ministrio da Saude or Ordem dos
Medicos
Certificat de medic specialist
issued by Ministerul Sănătătii
Publici (the Ministry of Public
Health)
Romania
Certificat de medic specialist
medicină de familie issued by
Ministerul Sănătătii Publici (the
Ministry of Public Health)
Kandidat Nauk
Russia
Magista PhD
Specialty certificate issued by a

Serbia
Serbian university
38
Certificate of Specialist Accreditation

from the Specialist Accreditation Board
///
Diplom o špecializácii (Diploma of
specialization) issued by Slovak
universities
Slovakia
Diplom o specializácii v odbore
vseobecné lekárstvo issued by Slovak
universities
Potrdilo o opravljenem
specialisticnem izpitu (Certificate
of successful completion of the
specialist exam) issued by Medical
Chamber of Slovenia
Slovenia
Potrdilo o opravljeni specializaciji
iz dru žinske medicine (Certificate
of completion of specialist training
in family medicine) issued by
Medical Chamber of Slovenia
Fellowship Certificate Masters of Medicine (M. Med)
approved by the Colleges of Degree
Medicine of South Africa
South Africa (CMSA)
Título de Especialista (professional

qualification of a specialist) issued by
Spain the Spanish Ministry of Health and
Consumer Affairs or the Spanish
Ministry of Education and Culture
39
Título de especialista en medicina
familiar y comunitaria (specialist
certificate in family and community
medicine) issued by the Spanish
Ministry of Health and Consumer
Affairs or the Spanish Ministry of
Education and Culture
MD issued by the Postgraduate
Sri Lanka Institute of Medicine of Sri Lanka,
University of Colombo
Master’s degree
Clinical MD
Sudan
Bevis om specialistkompetens som
läkare (certificate of the right to use the
title of specialist) issued by the
Socialstyrelsen (National Board of
Health and Welfare of Sweden)
Sweden Bevis om kompetens som
allmänpraktiserande läkare
(Europaläkare) (certificate of specific
training for general practice) issued by
the Socialstyrelsen (National Board of
Health and Welfare of Sweden)
Diplôme de médecin spécialiste/Diplom
als Facharzt/ Diploma di medico
Switzerland specialista (specialist qualification)
issued by the Swiss Federal Department
of Home Affairs (FDHA)
40
Certificate of specific training for
general medical practice issued by the
Swiss Federal Department of Home
Affairs (FDHA)
And
A document from the Federal
Department of Home Affairs (FDHA)
confirming that the training leading to
the award of your GP certificate meets
the standards detailed in Article 28 of
Directive 2005/36/EC
Certificate of higher study issued by
Ministry of Higher Education
Syria
Syrian specialization certificate
issued by Ministry of Health
Specialty Certificate issued by the

Tunisia
National Physicians Authority
Turkish Higher Specialty Medical Board
Turkey certificate issued by a Turkish University
Kandidat Nauk
Ukraine
Magista PhD
41
Certificate of Completion of Membership in the specialty: MRCP,
Specialist Training (CCST) MRCPCh, MRCPed, MRCOG,
MRCOpth, MRCOrth, MRCGP
United Training (CCT)
Kingdom
Certificate of Completion of Intercollegiate Specialty Board
Training in General Practice

Colleges
Certificate of Completion of residency
American Board Certificates program accredited by the
United
issued by the American Board of Accreditation Council of Graduate
States of
Medical Specialties (ABMS) Medical Education (ACGME) for
America
Bahraini’s only
Completion of at least three (3) years
university specialization program and
Venezuela registration as Specialist issued by the
Colegio de Medicos
Fellowship of the West African College

West Africa
of Physicians
Doctor of Medicine issued by
West Indies
University of West Indies
Clinical Master degree or residency
program of minimum three (3)
Yemen
years course duration issued by
Yemeni university
Full time Masters or PhD Degrees of
minimum two (2) years course
Others
duration with evidence of clinical
practice and a current registration.
*Note: New qualifications not motioned in this document should be studied and approved by NHRA
42
6. Recognized Specialty Titles for Licensing
Specialty Titles
Addiction Psychiatry
Adolescence Medicine
Anatomic and Clinical Pathology
Anatomic Pathology
Anesthesia
Aviation and Aerospace Medicine
Blood Banking and Transfusion
Cardiac Anesthesia
Cardiac Electrophysiology
Cardiac Surgery
Cardiology
Cardio - Thoracic Surgery
Cardio-Vascular Surgery
Chemical Pathology (Clinical Biochemistry)
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Clinical Cytogenetics
Clinical Genetics (MD)
Clinical Hematology
Clinical Immunology
43
Specialty Titles
Clinical Immunology and Allergy
Clinical Neurophysiology
Clinical Pathology
Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
Critical Care Medicine
Cytogenetics
Cytopathology
Dermatology
Dermatopathology
Development - Behavioral Pediatrics
Diagnostic Radiology
Emergency Medicine
Endocrinology
Family Medicine
Female Pelvic and Reconstructive Surgery
Forensic Medicine
Forensic Pathology
Forensic Psychiatry
Gastroenterology
Gastrointestinal Surgery
44
Specialty Titles
General Surgery
Genito Urinary Medicine
Geriatric Medicine
Geriatric Psychiatry
Gynecological Oncology
Haematology and Transfusion Medicine
Hematopathology
Hepatology
Hospice and Palliative Medicine
Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Internal Medicine
Interventional Cardiology
Interventional Radiology
Maternal and Fetal Medicine
Medical Microbiology
Medical Oncology
Medical Physics
Medical Toxicology
Molecular Genetic Pathology
45
Specialty Titles
Molecular Genetics
Molecular Pathology
Neonatology
Nephrology
Neurodevelopmental Disabilities
Neurodevelopmental Psychiatry
Neurology
Neuropathology
Neuroradiology
Neurosurgery
Neurotology
Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear Radiology
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Occupational Medicine
Ophthalmology
Oral Maxillofacial Surgery
Orthopedic Surgery
Otolaryngology
Pain Medicine
46
Specialty Titles
Pediatric
Pediatric Immunology and Allergy
Pediatric Anesthesia
Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Pediatric Cardiology
Pediatric Critical Care
Pediatric Dermatology
Pediatric Development and Behavioral medicine
Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Pediatric Endocrinology
Pediatric Gastroenterology
Pediatric Hematology
Pediatric Hematology - Oncology
Pediatric Hepatology
Pediatric Infectious Disease
Pediatric Nephrology
Pediatric Neurology
Pediatric Oncology
Pediatric Otolaryngology
Pediatric Pathology
47
Specialty Titles
Pediatric Pulmonology
Pediatric Radiology
Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine
Pediatric Rheumatology
Pediatric Sleep Medicine
Pediatric Sports Medicine
Pediatric Surgery
Pediatric Transfusion Medicine
Pediatric Urology
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Plastic Surgery
Psychiatry
Public Health Medicine
Pulmonary Disease
Radiation Oncology
Radiology
Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Reproductive Health
Rheumatology
Sexual and Reproductive Health
48
Specialty Titles
Sleep Medicine
Sports Medicine
Surgery of the Hand
Surgical Critical Care
Surgical Oncology
Thoracic Surgery
Transfusion Medicine
Undersea and Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine
Urogynecology.
Urology
Vascular Surgery
7. Sub-Specialties:
Sub- Specialties in Plastic & reconstructive
surgery
Hand Surgery
Cosmetic Surgery
Craniofacial Surgery
Pediatric Plastic Surgery
Burns
Microsurgery
Reconstructive surgery
49
Sub-Specialties in Neurosurgery
Pediatric Neurosurgery
Spine surgery
Neurosurgery/oncology
Skull Base Surgery
Neurosurgery Vascular
Sub-Specialties in Orthopedic Surgery

Pediatric Orthopedics
Arthroplasty Surgery
Spine Surgery
Foot & Ankle Surgery
Orthopedic Oncology
Trauma & Fracture Surgery
Sports Medicine
Upper Limb Orthopedics
Sub- Specialties in Otolaryngology

Pediatric Otolaryngology
Neuro-otology & Otology
Rhinology
Facioplastics
Head & Neck Oncology
Laryngology
Sub- Specialties in Urology

Pediatric Urology
Urology Oncology
Neuro-Urology
Gynecology Urology
Male Infertility
50
Reconstructive Urology
Laparoscopic Urology
Sub-Specialties in Ophthalmology
Neuro-Ophthalmology
Glaucoma
Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Retinal Diseases and Surgery
Cornea/External Diseases
Oculoplastics
Comprehensive Ophthalmology
Uveitis/Medical Retina
Ocular Oncology
Sub-Specialties in Medicine
Adult Cardiology
Adult Gastroenterology
Adult Nephrology
Adult Infectious Diseases
Adult Pulmonology
Adult Endocrinology
Adult metabolic Diseases
Adult Rheumatology
Adult Hematology
Adult Oncology
Adult Sleep Medicine
Adult Intensive Care
Sub-Specialties in Pediatrics
Pediatric Intensive Care
Pediatric Nephrology
Neonatal Intensive Care
Pediatric Endocrinology
Pediatric Infectious Diseases
51
Pediatric Gastroenterology
Pediatric Cardiology
Pediatric Pulmonology
Pediatric Hematology
Pediatric Oncology
Pediatric Sleep Medicine
Pediatric Rheumatology
Pediatric Genetics
Sub-Specialties in General Surgery what about

laparoscopic surgery
Pediatric Surgery
Colorectal Surgery
Vascular Surgery
Endocrinology
Hepatobiliary Surgery
Surgical Oncology
Bariatric Surgery
Thoracic Surgery
Trauma Surgery
Transplant surgery
Sub-Specialties in Emergency Medicine

Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Trauma
Toxicology
Emergency Medical Services
Intensive Care
Sports Medicine
Geriatric
Sub-Specialties in Obstetrics & Gynecology

?laproscopy
Gynecology Oncology
Infertility
52
Fetal Medicine
Perinatology
Uro-gynecology
Sub-Specialties in Family Medicine

Public Health
Adolescent Medicine
Geriatric Medicine
Mental Health
Palliative Medicine
Primary care/pulmonology
Primary care/Ophthalmology
Epidemiology
Diabetic Medicine
Occupational Medicine
Environmental Medicine
Preventive Pediatric Medicine
Sports Medicine
Sub-Specialties in Dermatology
Pediatric Dermatology
Dermato-Pathology
Dermatology Surgery
Laser & Photo Therapy
Hair implant
Sub-Specialties in Psychiatry
Child/ Adolescent Psychiatry
Addiction Medicine
Geriatric Psychiatry
Mood Disorder Psychiatry
Rehabilitation Psychiatry
Liaison Psychiatry
Forensic Psychiatry
53
Schizophrenia
Sub-Specialties in Anesthesia
Adult Cardiology Anesthesia
Adult Intensive Care
Pediatric Anesthesia
Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia
Pain Management
Regional Anesthesia
Neuro- Anesthesia
Obstetrics Anesthesia
Vascular/Thoracic Anesthesia
Ambulatory Anesthesia
Pre-Operative Medicine
Sub-Specialties in Radiology
Diagnostic Neuroradiology Imaging
Body Imaging
Musculoskeletal Imaging
Interventional Radiology
Cardiac Imaging
Chest Imaging
Breast Imaging
Woman’s Imaging
Pediatric Imaging
Nuclear Medicine
Interventional Neuroradiology
Sub-Specialties in Pathology
Obstetrics & Breast Pathology
Lymphoma Pathology
Renal Pathology
Dermato-pathology
54
Bone & Soft Tissue Pathology
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Pathology
General Histopathology
Hematology
Microbiology
Transfusion Medicine & Blood Banking
Molecular Diagnostics & Genetics
Biochemistry
Visiting Physicians:
Health care facilities may apply for physicians to visit their institution and provide health care services to patients within a specified
period of time provided the following conditions are met:
1. Full application form and required documents are submitted to NHRA at least two week prior to the scheduled visit
2. Physicians must hold one of the recognized qualifications mentions within this PQR and be classified as a consultant by NHRA.
55
CHAPTER TWO: DENTIST
50
Requirements & Considerations
All the requirements mentioned in chapter two which apply for physicians, including licensure requirements, special considerations, and
credentialing also apply to dentists
Hospital Title License Category Qualifications Experience and Other Requirements

Successful completion of
Intern No license or accredited dental program
registration is (BDS/DMD/DDS..) No experience required
required for this Or
category? Equivalent from a recognized
Dental School/Hospital in an
accredited international university
Successful completion of
Resident accredited dental program Successful completion of internship program and Passing licensure
(BDS/DMD/DDS..) examination and minimum of five years of clinical experience post
Or internship is required FOR Non Bahrain
Equivalent from a recognized
Dental School/Hospital in an
General License Successful completion of

Senior Two (2) years Clinical Experience OR minimum of five years of
accredited dental program
clinical experience post internship is required FOR Non Bahrain
Resident (BDS/DMD/DDS..)
Or and successful completion of two years of a residency program with
Equivalent from a recognized proof of passing the first part of training program (Letter of
Dental School/Hospital in an recommendation)
57
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3
BDS, DMD, DDS, or equivalent

And
Specialist Completion of specialty
Chief resident qualification as per the
Recognized Specialty
No Experience Required 2 years 3 years
Certificate table
Consultant Consultant BDS, DMD, DDS, or equivalent

And One year of Experience Three years
Completion of specialty Post Qualification* of Cannot attain the title
qualification as per the Experience
Recognized Specialty Certificate Post
table Qualification
58
Recognized Dental Specialty Certificates
Fellowship of the Royal Master of Dental Surgery
College/Colleges Doctor of Clinical Dentistry
Australia
Note: fellowship should be by Membership of the Royal Australasian College
Exam and not by endorsement or of Dental Surgeons
Arab Countries election. Arab Board
Specialization certificate issued
Belgium by a Belgian university in
Orthodontics and Periodontics
Evidence of successful completion of the State

Exam in Orthodontics/Oral Surgery/Pediatric
Bulgaria Dentistry/ Periodontics/ Prosthodontics/
Endodontic
Evidence of successful completion of
Evidence of passing the National university-based clinical residency program
Canada Dental Specialist Examination accredited by the Commission of Dental
(NDSE). Accreditation of Canada (for Bahraini
Nationals only)
Certificate from Zagreb or Rijeka University in
Orthodontics/Oral Surgery/Pediatric Dentistry/
Periodontics/Prosthodontics/ Restorative
Croatia Dentistry
&
Registration from Croatian Dental Chamber
with Specialist Title issued by the Ministry of
Health
59
Specialist Certificate in Master degree and Certificate awarding the
Maxillofacial Oral Surgery issued right to use the specialty title issued by
by the State Board of Health (only Sundhedsstyrelsen (State Board of Health)
for five (5) years course duration)
Denmark
Specialist Certificate in
Orthodontics issued by the State Oral Surgery: Attestation in oral and
Board of Health (only for three maxillofacial surgery Diplom Specializaci
(3) years course duration) (vorort oralni a maxillofacial Chirurgie)
&
Registration in the Czech Republic Dental
Chamber
Egypt Master in one of the dental specialties
Clinical PhD
Estonia Degree of Specialist in Orthodontics
Specialist in Oral Maxillofacial Surgery issued

by a University and registration with
Healthcare Board or Dental Council
Finland Specialist Certificate in

Orthodontics or Oral Surgery
60
Diplôme D’Etudes Spécialisées
En Chirurgie Buccale Diploma d’Universitees (DU) (Title of specialist
(D.E.S.C.B) (Certificate of issued by the National Council of the College of
Specialised Studies in Oral Dental Surgeons)
France Surgery)
Chirurgien-dentiste specialist
qualifie en orthopedie dento- Diplôme Interuniversitaire de Spécialité (DIS)
faciale” (CECSMO) (Interuniversity Diploma of Dental specialty)
(Certificate in Orthodontics)
Fachzahnarztliche
ananerkennung issued by
Landeszahnarztekammern
Germany
Periodontics: Certificate of
Periodontics issued by
Zahnarztekammer Westfalen-
Lippe
Hong Kong Master of Dental Surgery
University Certificate in: Orthodontics , with the
title: Fogszabalyozo szakorovs Periodontology,
Hungary with the title: Parodontologus Pediatric
Dentistry, with the title: Gyermekfogorvos
61
India Master of Dental Surgery (MDS)
Iran Iranian Specialty Certificate issued by the
Iranian Ministry of Health
Iraq Master Degree in one of the dental
specialties
Certificate of Completion Fellowship/ membership of
Specialist Training by the Dental the Royal College of Surgeons
Ireland Council in Ireland
&
Inclusion on the Irish GDC
Specialist Register
University Certificate:
Orthodontics:
Diploma di
Italy Specializzazione in “Ortognatodonzia”
Oral Surgery:
Diploma di Specializzazione in
“Chirurgia Odontostomatologica”
Jordan Medical Board Master in one of the dental specialties
Jordan
Master in one of the dental specialties

KSA Saudi Board
Dental Master degree with minimum of
Lebanon two (2) years course duration
Diploma d’Universites (DUs) – with
three (3) years specialist training under
supervision
62
Certificate Issued by “The Riga Stradins
Latvia University’s Faculty of Stomatology
Certificate Issued by “ The Kaunas

Lithuania University of Medicine” or “The
University of Vilnius”
Specialization Certificate
issued by the Specialist
Registration Board (SRC) in:
Orthodontics: Getuigschrift
van erkenning en isschrijving
als orthodontis in het
specialistenregister
Netherlands
Oral and Maxillo-Facial
Surgery: Getuigschrift van
erkenning en isschrijving als
Kaakchirurg in het
specialistenregister
Master of Dental Surgery
Fellowship of the Royal Doctor of Clinical Dentistry
Australasian College of Dental
New Zealand Surgeons Membership of the Royal Australasian
College of Dental Surgeons
63
Certificate Issued by “Oslo” or “Bergen”
University
Norway &
Registration in the Specialist Registration
Pakistan Committee of
Fellowship of the
the College
Norwegian Dental
of Physicians and
Association
Surgeons (F.C.P.S.)
Philippines Philippine Board
Evidence of registration as a Specialist by the

Medical Centre for postgraduate Training
Poland &
Voivodeship centres for postgraduate training
University Certificate in: Orthodontics:
Especialistaem Ortodontia
&
Must be registered with the Ordem dos Medicos
Dentistas
Oral Surgery: Especialistaem Cirurgia Oral
Portugal (Oral Surgery)
&
must be registered with the Ordem dos Medicos
Dentistas Faculty
&
Must be registered with The Romanian
Collegiums of Dental Physicians
64
Russia Kandidata Nauk Magista PhD
Certificate of specialization in:

Orthodontics (CelustynOrtoped)
Maxillofacial Surgeon (Maxilofacialny
Slovakia Chirurg)
Paediatric dentistry (Pedostomatolog)
Specialization certificate
Singapore issued by the Dental Specialist
Accreditation Council
MChD Degree (Master of
Dentistry)
South Africa &
Registration with the Healthcare
professions Council of South
Africa (HPCSA)
Clinical MD in any dental specialty
Sudan issued by Sudan Medical Specialization
Board
Certificate issued by the
Swedish Board of National
Sweden Health and Welfare (Training
program must be conducted in
Sweden).
Switzerland Fachzahnarzt anerkennung
60
Higher Study Certificate issued by
Ministry of Higher Education
Syrian Specialization Certificate issued by
Syria the Specialist Training and Rehabilitation
Authority
‫شهادة األختصاص‬
Master Degree in one of the dental
specialties.
Tunisia Specialty Certificate issued by the
National Authority
Doctor of science in one of the recognized
Turkey specialties from a Doctorate Program
Clinical Master program accredited by

United Arab Emirates MOHESR and recognized by Authorities
in the UAE
Membership/Fellowship of the
Royal College of Surgeons
United Kingdom Specialist Training (CCST) Intercollegiate Specialty
fellowship
Evidence of successful completion of

United States of America university-based clinical residency
American Board issued by the program accredited by the American
American Dental Association Dental Association (for Bahraini national
only)
61
Completion of a university specialization
degree
Venezuela “Título de Master” in a dental specialty
with at least Two (2) years course
duration
Full time Masters or PhD Degrees of

minimum Two (2) years course duration
Others with evidence of clinical practice and a
current registration.
*Note: New qualifications not motioned in this document should be studied and approved by NHRA
62
Recognized Specialties Titles for Licensing
Specialty Licensing Titles
Endodontics
Oral Radiology
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Oral Medicine
Oral Surgery
Orthodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Primary Care Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
Restorative Dentistry
Conservative dentistry
Geriatric dentistry
Special needs Dentistry
Implantology
Dental Public Health
66
Visiting Dentists:
Health care facilities may apply for dentists to visit their institution and provide health care services to patients within a
specified period of time provided the following conditions are met:
1. Full application form and required documents are submitted to NHRA at least two week prior to the scheduled visit
2. In some cases, visiting dentists who do not fulfill the categorization criteria of a consultant may be granted a visiting
license if they are categorized as a specialist and in certain conditions for example:
a. If the specialty needed is rare in kingdom of Bahrain.
b. If there is a paucity in the number of consultants in a certain specialty in kingdom of Bahrain
c. If the visiting dentist has been requested to share his clinical and academic experience and has distinctive work such
as obtaining a patented technology in dentistry and such cases will be studied individually.
3. The NHRA may grant visiting licenses to any dentist based on the review of individual applications
CHAPTER THREE: NURSES
Nurses Licensure Requirements
Nurses applying for licensure must fulfill the following requirements:
 Must be graduates from National and/ or International recognized Nursing college/University.
 Qualifications acquired through honorary nature, correspondence or distance learning are not counted towards the
(Professional Qualification Requirement) PQR full term requirements.
 Bahraini National nurses are exempted from the experience requirement for the basic entry level.
 Non Bahraini applicants must hold a valid License/ Registration to practice in their home country and/or country of
 Practical Nurses cannot work independently and shall work under a registered nurse.
 All Nurses must hold a minimum of current Basic Life Support (BLS) Certification or others according to scope of
practice
67
Qualification and Experience Requirements for Nursing Licensure
Title Qualifications Experience
Bachelor degree in Nursing 4 years of course program
Diploma in Nursing and Midwifery of minimum three and half
(3 ½ ) years course duration For Non Bahraini’s a
General Nurse minimum of (1) year clinical
experience post qualification
Diploma in Nursing of minimum three (3) years course
duration
Diploma in General Nursing with less than three (3)
practical Nurse years course duration
Practical Nursing Program with minimum of 18 months Minimum One (1) year clinical
course duration experience post qualification
Diploma in Nursing with minimum of 18 months to less
than (3) years course duration.
Qualification as Registered Nurse
Minimum of One (1) year
And experience in the related specialty
Specialist Nurse field post qualification.
Post graduate certificate in one (1) of the nursing specialties
with minimum one (1) year fulltime course duration
Clinical Nurse Bachelor of science of nursing with evidence of 2 years of clinical experience
Instructor engagement in clinical nursing. Only for teaching purpose as a general nurse.
68
Fulfill the requirements of Registered Nurse Two (2) years’ experience post
And qualification as a Nurse
Completion of a Clinical Master/ Doctoral degree in nursing (or Practitioner
Nurse Practitioner
equivalent qualification) in:
However, their privileges will
o Pharmacology for prescribing drugs as a nurse practitioner
be restricted to comply with
o Differential diagnosis, ordering and interpretation of
diagnostic tests ( radiological and pathological tests) Bahrain laws
o Advanced Health Assessment
Fulfill the requirements of Registered Nurse

And
National Certification or license as a Nurse Practitioner.
Master’s degree in clinical nursing practice from an accredited
institution after the Bachelor degree in nursing, with evidence of
Clinical Nurse 2 years of clinical practice in
clinical work experience during the Master’s program under the
Specialist a clinical setting
supervision of a specialized clinical registered nurse.
BSc in Nursing, or equivalent with minimum three (3)
Midwives years course duration
And
Midwifery Certificate with minimum one (1) year course
duration For Non Bahraini 3 years
BSc in Nursing and Midwifery not less than 4 years where the Clinical Practice in Labor
midwifery program should not be less than 9 months. & Delivery room as
Midwife.
GNM where the midwifery program should not be less than 9
months.
Bachelor of science in midwifery not less than 4 years.
RGN program plus clinically based Master’s degree in Midwifery
69
Recognized Specialty Titles for Nursing Licensure
Nursing Specialty Titles
1 Community Health Nurse

2 Pediatric Nurse
3 Mental and Psychiatry Health Nurse Psychiatric Nurse
4 Intensive/ Critical Care Nurse Critical Care Nurse
5 Neonatal Nurse Neonatal Intensive Care Nurse
6 Emergency Nurse
7 Oncology Nurse
8 Palliative Nurse
9 Industrial/occupational Nurse
10 Home care Nurse
11 Cardiac Nurse
12 Gastroenterology Nurse
13 Bariatric Nurse
14 Operation Theatre/ Perioperative Nurse
15 Post Anesthesia Car Nurse
16 Burn Nurse
17 Breast Care Nurse
18 Pain Management Nurse
19 Wound Care Nurse
20 Vascular Nurse
21 School Health Nurse
Additional requirements:
One (1) year experience in pediatrics from the total of
two (2) years required experience for licensure.
And
Valid “Pediatric Advanced Life Support “( PALS)
67
CHAPTER FOUR: PHARMACISTS
68
Pharmacists Licensure Requirements
Pharmacists applying for licensure must fulfill the following requirements:
 Must be graduates from National and/ or International recognized college/University.
 Qualifications acquired through honorary nature, correspondence or distance learning are not counted towards the
(Professional Qualification Requirement) PQR full term requirements.
 Bahraini National pharmacists and Non-Bahraini residents are exempted from the experience requirement for the basic
entry level.
 Non Bahraini applicants must have a minimum of five years of experience post qualification and hold a valid
License/ Registration to practice in their home country and/or country of last employment (where applicable). (Non
Bahraini pharmacists residence of Bahrain could be exempted from this requirement.)
 Pharmacy technicians cannot work independently and shall work under a licensed pharmacists.
 Pharmacy and Pharmacy Technician experience with pharmaceutical companies or sales representative will not
be considered as experience.
69
BSc in Pharmacy / Pharm D
And
Successful completion of a recognized Residency program in Minimum two (2) years of experience post
Clinical Pharmacist clinical pharmacy certification as a clinical pharmacist in
BSc in Pharmacy /Pharm D hospital setting
And
Post graduate qualification in clinical pharmacy
Pharmacist Minimum of two (2) years’ experience
BSc in Pharmacy/Doctor of Pharmacy
post certification as Pharmacist
Pharmacy
Diploma in Pharmacy program minimum of two (2) years Minimum of two (2) years’ experience
Technician
course duration post certification as Pharmacy Technician
Medical
BSc in Pharmacy No experience required
Delegate
70
CHAPTER FIVE: ALLIED HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS
72
Allied Healthcare Professionals Licensure Requirements
Allied Healthcare professionals applying for licensure must fulfill the following requirements:
 Must be graduates from National and/ or International recognized college/University.

 Master degree or PhD (in the area of specialty) will reduce one (1) year from the required experience for licensing
provided that the Master’s/ PhD degree is not mandatory to obtain the selected title.
 Qualifications acquired through honorary nature, correspondence or distance learning are not counted towards the PQR
requirements.
 Non- Bahraini Applicants must hold a valid License/ Registration to practice in their home country and/or country of
 Assistant allied healthcare professionals cannot work independently and shall work under a licensed Allied Healthcare
professional.
 All categorized technicians should work under supervision of an MD doctor in medicine/ technologists.
73
Qualification and Experience Requirements for Allied Healthcare professional
1. Anesthesia
Bachelor degree in Anesthesia technology (minimum 3 years course
Anesthesia duration), or Operation Theatre and Anesthesia Technology, or Minimum of 2 years
Technologist Medical Technology ( major: OT and Anesthesia Technology) experience post qualification in
related field.
Registered Nurse or Respiratory therapist
And
Completion of post graduate anesthesia certification from a
nationally recognized program.
Anesthesia Minimum of 1 year experience

Anesthesia Technician Program with minimum (2) years duration
Technician post qualification in related
course from nationally recognized institution/college.
field.
74
2. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
Embryologist Bachelor’s degree in Medical laboratory science or

Minimum of 2 years’ experience
Applied Science* with emphasis in Human
post qualification in related field
Embryology from a recognized university
Also Known as IVF Technologist
*Note: Applied Science includes the following:
 Cell Biology
 Developmental Biology
 Embryology
 Human Reproductive Biology
 Medical Laboratory Technology
75
3. Audiology
Two (2) years’ experience post
Audiologist qualification in the field of Audiology
Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Audiology
Sciences in a hospital, clinic or
rehabilitation setting

Audiology qualification in the field of Audiology
Two (2) years diploma in Audiology
technician Sciences in a hospital, clinic or
rehabilitation setting
4. Cardiac Perfusion
Bachelor degree in perfusion from an accredited institution Two (2) years’ practical experience post
or certification as Per fusionist in hospital setting
Perfusionist
Bachelor degree in cardiovascular technology
And
Post graduate diploma or certificate in perfusion technology
with minimum one (1) year duration
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5. Cardiovascular Technology
Cardiovascular
Technologist BSc degree in Cardiovascular program
certification in the related field
Cardiovascular Cardiovascular program of minimum two ( 2) years course Two (2) years’ experience post
Technician duration / Diploma certification in the related field
Successful completion of one (1) year certificate in ECG program

ECG Technician Two (2) years’ experience post
or Nursing degree with ECG training program certification in the related field.
Cardiovascular Technologist/Technicians Licensing Titles

Licensing Titles
Catheterization Laboratory
ECG
Echo cardiographer
Vascular
77
6. Cast Technician
Higher Secondary School or its equivalent
Cast Technician Two (2) years’ experience post
And
Diploma of a minimum of 2 years or Certificate of completion of
relevant training course of a minimum of 2 years
7. Central Sterile Services (CSS)

Associate Degree in CSS technology of minimum Two (2) years’
course duration
Certificate in Nursing with Certification in CSS technology

CSS Technician Two (2) years’ experience in the related
field
Completion of Higher Secondary School

Two (2) years’ experience in related
And
CSS Aid field
Certificate confirming on job practical training
81
8. Clinical Dietetics and Nutrition
Bachelor of Science in Dietetics
Dietician Bachelor degree in a health Science with a major in Two (2) years’ experience as clinical
Nutrition(Please see table below) dietician in a health facility
And
Master’s in Dietetics.
Nutritionist Two (2) years’ experience post
Bachelor of Science in Nutrition/Public Health Nutrition
certification in the field of Nutrition
Diploma degree in Nutrition not less than 2 years
Nutrition Two (2) years’ experience
Technician
Examples of Equivalent Qualifications in Clinical Dietetics and Nutrition

Qualification Clinical Dietetics Nutrition
Bachelor of Science in Dietetics √
Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics √
Bachelor of Science in Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics √
Bachelor of Science in Food and Nutrition √
Bachelor of Science in Nutrition √
Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Food Technology √
Bachelor of Health Science (Major Nutrition) √
Bachelor of Arid land agriculture/ Food Nutrition from the UAE University
√
(Faculty of Food Systems).
Bachelor in Food Science/ Food Service Systems Management √
Bachelor in Home Science (Major Nutrition) √
82
9. Dental Clinical Support
Minimum of one (1) year experience post

Diploma in Dental Assistant or Dental Nursing certification in related field for Non-
(course duration minimum two (2) years) or its Bahraini’s
equivalent certification
Dental Assistant
Registered Nurse meeting licensure criteria Minimum two (2) years’ experience in
the related Field for Non-Bahraini’s
For Bahrain’s only, high school plus 4-6 months
training course as minimum
Minimum of two (2) years’ experience

Completion of bachelor degree in dental hygiene post certification in related field
Dental Hygienist
Minimum of 3 years’ experience
Completion of associate degree/diploma in
dental hygiene (course duration minimum two post certification in related field
(2) years)
BSc in Dental Laboratory Technology
post certification in related field
Dental Lab Technician

Completion of an accredited program in Dental
Minimum of four (4) years’ experience
Laboratory Technology (minimum of two (2) years
post certification in related field
course duration)
83
10. Electro-Neurodiagnostics
Bachelor Degree in the field of Applied Sciences Majoring in
Neurophysiology or Neurophysiology or One years’ experience post certification in
Electro-neurodiagnostics Biophysics/Physiology or equivalent with minimum three (3) relevant experience in hospital setting
technologist years diploma
Completion of Secondary School or its equivalent

Technician EEG Two (2) years’ experience post certification
And
in relevant experience in hospital setting.
One year accredited certification program
Electro-Neurodiagnostics Technologist Titles:
Licensing Titles
Electro- Neurodiagnostics
EEG
EMG
84
11. Emergency Medical Services
Emergency Medical Technician Internationally recognized EMT-Basic Two (2) year experience
course or equivalent with minimum four (4)
(EMT) -Basic
weeks duration
And
Valid BLS and BTLS Certification
EMT-Intermediate Internationally recognized EMT-I course or Two (2) year experience

equivalent, minimum eight weeks duration
And
Valid ACLS , PALS, PHTLS Certification
Paramedic Internationally recognized EMT-P course or Two (2) year experience
equivalent with minimum two (2) years
course duration, or minimum of two (2)
years Associate degree in EMT
And
hold a valid ACLS ,PALS, PHTLS
Certification
OR
Bachelor’s degree or equivalent in
emergency medical technology or
Emergency applied science or UK
paramedic Science
And
Valid ACLS ,PALS, PHTLS Certification
Ambulance Nurse Qualification for Registered Nurse Two (2) year experience
And
Valid PHTL, ACLS and PALS Certification
85
12. Genetic Counselor
BSc in medical sciences, psychology or healthcare related field

Genetic Counselor Two (2) years’ experience post MSC
And
certification in related field.
MSc in Genetic Counseling
13. Hair Transplant Technician

BSc or diploma (minimum three (3) years course
duration) in allied health with emphasis in hair transplant
BSc degree in nursing
And
Hair Transplant Certificate confirming on job training and indicates the Two (2) years’ experience post
Technician following: certification in related field
o Training is conducted in a licensed hair transplant
center
o Training performed by licensed surgeon
o Number of cases performed per year (minimum of 20
procedures/year)
Note: Hair Transplant Technician can only work under direct supervision of a plastic surgeon
86
14. Laser Hair Removal Technician
Academic qualification as Registered Nurse
And
Successful completion of a recognized Laser training
Laser hair removal course for hair reduction with evidence of ten (10) hands
Technician on training cases.
Academic qualification as Registered Nurse One (1) year experience post certification
And/or in related field
Hair reduction certification from one of the following
bodies if attained from outside Bahrain:
o The Society for Clinical and Medical Hair Removal
(SCHMR)
o National Council on Laser Certification (NCLC)
Note: technician should work under supervision of plastic surgeon or dermatologis.
90
15. Medical Imaging
Radiologic Bachelor degree from an accredited university in a Radiography, Two (2) years’ experience post certification
Technologist Radiology Technology or Medical/Diagnostic Imaging program in general radiology field
Radiologic
Technologist/ Bachelor degree from an accredited university in a Radiography, Three (3) years’ experience post certification
Radiology Technology or Medical/Diagnostic Imaging program AND in specialized radiology field
Specialty Title
Higher education degree in one of radiology specialties.
Radiologic Diploma or equivalent as a Radiography Technician of minimum two Minimum of two (2) years’ experience post
Technician (2) years duration certification in hospital setting
Bachelor degree in Nuclear Medicine (minimum three ( 3) years course

Minimum of one year experience post
duration)
Nuclear Medicine certification in the Nuclear Medicine field
Technologist Minimum of one year experience post
Bachelor in a Radiography /Radiology Technology or Medical
Imaging program certification in the Nuclear Medicine field
And
Master degree in Nuclear Medicine
Equivalent Qualification for Radiology/ Medical Imaging:

i. Medical Radiation Technology
ii. Medical Imaging
iii. Radiography
iv. Radiology Technology
v. Diagnostic Imaging
vi. Health Sciences ( Radiography or Medical Imaging)
vii. Medical Radiation Sciences
*Note: For Ultrasound/MRI, a Bachelor degree in an appropriate health related fields with emphasis on anatomy and physiology and a post
graduate certificate/ diploma in Ultrasound or MRI
90
16. Medical Laboratory
Minimum six (6) months program in Medical Laboratory
Sciences from a college officially recognized in home
country and Completion of an approved certified
Phlebotomist phlebotomy program Minimum of one (1) year practical experience
as a phlebotomist
Completion of an approved certified phlebotomy
program
Medical Laboratory Diploma or certificate in Laboratory Technician from an
Technician accredited program or equivalent minimum two (2) years Two (2) years’ experience in related field
duration
Medical Laboratory
BSc in Medical Laboratory Technology/ Medical
Technologist Two (2) years’ experience in related field
Laboratory Science or equivalent qualification
BSc in Medical Laboratory Technology/ Bachelor in the
Specialty field
And
One (1) year emphasis of the curriculum in the field of Four (4) years’ experience in the specialty
Medical Laboratory sub- specialty in the basic qualification curriculum
specialty titles
(see table below) BSc in Medical Laboratory Technology/ Bachelor in the
Four (4) years’ experience in the specialty
Specialty field
And
Master degree in the specialty field
89
Medical Lab Specialty Licensing Titles
Medical Lab Specialty Licensing Titles
Blood Banking/Transfusion
Clinical Biochemistry
Histocompatibility and Immunogenetic
Cytogenetic
Cytology
Genetics
Hematology
Histotechnology
Immunology
Medical Microbiology
Molecular Biology
Molecular Genetics
90
17. Medical Physics
Medical Physicist
Technologist BSc degree in Medical Physical Science or equivalent
Assistant Medical Physicist BSc degree in Radiation Technology or radiation Two (2) years’ experience post
therapy and post graduate diploma in medical certification in the related field
Physics.
18. Radiation Therapy

Radiotherapy Minimum of two (2) years’ experience

Technologist Bachelor degree in Radiotherapy. post certification in Radiation Therapy
field.
Radiotherapy Diploma or certificate from an accredited institution in
Technician Radiotherapy minimum of two (2) years course duration or
post certification in Radiotherapy field
equivalent
Mould Room Certificate of workshop or training in the filed
Technician
In the filed
91
19. Occupational Therapy*
Bachelor degree in Occupational Two (2) years’ experience post certification

Occupational Therapist Therapy minimum of three (3) years in the Occupational Therapy field
course duration
Graduate of an accredited course in

Occupational Therapy Technician Two (2) years’ experience post certification
Occupational Therapy minimum of two (2)
in Occupational Therapy field
years study
*Note: Occupational Therapy Technician cannot work independently
20. Operation Theatre Technology

Operation Theatre Diploma in operation theatre or Associate

Two (2) years clinical experience post
Technician degree in surgical technology or operation
certification.
theatre technology of minimum two (2)
years course duration.
92
21. Optometry*
Associate Degree in Optometry Minimum of two (2) years’ experience post
minimum of two (2) years course certification in the dispensing field as
Dispensing Optician
Optician duration) in optometry or
Ophthalmic Dispensing
Optometrist
Bachelor degree or Diploma in Minimum two (2) years’ experience post
Optometry/ Doctor of Optometry certification in related field
minimum of three (3) years course
duration
Associate Degree /Diploma degree in
Minimum two (2) years’ experience post
Optical Technician Orthoptics or Medical Contact Lenses
certification in related field
minimum of two (2) years course
duration
*Note:
 Dispensing Optician can work only in Optical shops
 Optometrist can work in eye clinics and optical shops
93
22. Physiotherapy
Physiotherapist Minimum of two (2) years’ experience
BSc in Physiotherapy or Physical Therapy minimum 4 years
post certification as Physiotherapist
course duration
Specialized Minimum of five (5) years’ experience in

BSc in Physiotherapy or Physical Therapy AND Master degree
Physiotherapist the field of specialty
or PH.D in one of physiotherapy specialties.
Physiotherapy Minimum of two (2) years’ experience

Diploma or Associate degree in physiotherapy or Physical
Technician post certification as Physiotherapy
Therapy with minimum two (2) years course duration
Technician
23. Podiatry
Bachelor degree in Podiatry from an accredited
Minimum of Two (2) years’ clinical experience
college minimum of four (4) years course duration
as Podiatrist
Podiatrist
Podiatry Assistant Minimum of Two (2) year clinical experience as
Diploma in Podiatry
Podiatrist.
101
24. Prosthetics and Orthotics
Prosthetist /
orthotist Minimum of two (2) years’ practical
Bachelor degree of three (3) years
experience as Prosthetics and Orthotics
course duration in Prosthetics and Orthotics
Technologist
Prosthetics and
Orthotics
Graduate of an accredited program in Prosthetics and Minimum of two (2) years’ practical
Technician
Orthotics minimum of two (2) years course duration experience as Prosthetics and Orthotics
Technician
102
25. Psychology*
Bachelor degree in the field of psychology
Psychologist Bachelor degree in the field of education Minimum of two (2) years’
And experience post certification in related
Postgraduate full time Master’s degree in field.
psychology
Psychometrist Diploma degree (includes B.A. or B.Sc.) in Minimum two (2) years’ experience
psychometrics post certification in related field.
*Note:
 Psychometrist license allows practice only under onsite supervision by a licensed Psychologist
 Assistant psychologist license allows practice only under onsite supervision by a licensed Psychologist
Psychology Disciplines Title

 Clinical
 Health
 Child
 Counseling
 Educational
 Forensic
 Marriage and Family
 Occupational
 Neuropsychology
103
26. Renal Dialysis
Bachelor degree in Dialysis Technology or equivalent
Dialysis Technologist Two (2) years’ experience in renal dialysis
qualification in dialysis technology with minimum three (3)
field
years course duration
Completion of a dialysis technician program from a
Dialysis Technician* recognized educational institution or college. Minimum of two (2) years’ experience in
Or renal dialysis field
Licensed registered Nurse
*Note: A Dialysis Technician cannot work independently; a dialysis technologist must be available in the same facility
27. Respiratory Therapy

Bachelor degree in Respiratory Therapy or
Respiratory Therapist critical care science with major in
post certification as a Respiratory
respiratory therapy
Therapist
And
Valid ACLS /PALS Certification
Respiratory Therapy Associate degree in respiratory therapy or Minimum of two (2) years’ experience
Technician* equivalent diploma minimum two (2) post certification as respiratory therapist
years course duration technician
*Note: Respiratory therapy technician shall work under supervision of respiratory care therapist
104
28. Speech Therapy
BSc in Speech-language pathology/
Speech and language therapy /Speech
Speech Therapist pathology /Speech therapy/Speech
post certification in Speech and phonetics
And
in a hospital or clinical settings
language pathologist /Speech and language
therapist
Speech Technician. Diploma degree in Speech-language Minimum of two (2) years’ experience
pathology/ Speech and language therapy
/Speech pathology /Speech therapy/Speech
Audiology and Speech Therapist Bsc degree in speech and audiology/ speech Minimum of two (2) years’ experience
and hearing.
105
CHAPTER SIX: TRADITIONAL COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
(TCAM)
113
TCAM Healthcare Professionals Licensure Requirements
TCAM Healthcare professionals applying for Licensure must fulfill the following requirements:
1) Obtained scientific degrees legally certified by the competent official authorities.

2) Certificates and official documents that indicate acquiring the practical training after graduation, stating the name and
address of the organization where the training has been held and according to the procedures of the Authority.
3) Valid first aid course certificate.
4) Certificate of medical fitness issued by the competent medical committee.
The non-Bahraini practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine shall have to acquire experience of no less than two years
after the academic qualification.
Classification of the licenses to practice complementary and alternative medicine fields

The licenses for alternative and complementary medicine fields shall be classified according to the academic qualification held by the
applicant, into the following categories:
1) Practitioner of complementary and alternative medicine.
2) Technician of complementary and alternative medicine.
114
Recognized Specialties Titles for Licensing
Licensing Titles
Acupuncture therapy
Ayurveda Medicine
Message Therapy
Chiropractic
Herbal Therapy
Homeopathy Therapy
Naturopathy Therapy
Osteopathy Therapy
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Biodynamic Craniofacial Therapy
Cupping Therapy
Reflexology Therapy
Unani Medicine
115
Required Qualifications
1. Physicians
License Required Qualification
Acupuncture Physician Physician holder of a training course of no less than two years on Chinese needles, of no less than 2,500 hours of
Practitioner training.
Ayurveda Physician Physician holder of a BA in traditional Indian medicine BMAS; a of study no less than four years, with the least of 4500
Practitioner hours of theoretical study and 1000 hours of practice along with the Internship rotation year.
Physician holder of a diploma in traditional Indian medicine, for no less than two years.
Physician underwent a training course of no less than one year in traditional Indian medicine provided completing
supervised practical and theoretical training courses of 1,500 hours and 500 hours.
Chiropractic Physician Physician holder of BA in Chiropractic medicine; a study of no less than four years, including, at least, 4200 hours of
Practitioner theoretical study and 1000 hours of practice.
Physician attended a training course of no less than two years in Chiropractic medicine, provided that training hours
are no less 2200 hours of theoretical study and 1000 hours of practice, under the supervision of a practical clinical
instructor.
Homeopathy Physician Physician holder of BA in Homeopathy medicine; a study of no less than four years, or holder of a recognized
Practitioner certificate in the field, for a study of no less than three years.
Naturopathy Physician Physician holder of BA in Naturopathy medicine; a study of no less than three years in the field.
Practitioner
Osteopathy Physician Physician holder of BA in Osteopathy medicine; a study of no less than four years and no less than 1000 hours of
Practitioner practice, under a clinical supervision.
Physician holder of MA in Osteopathy medicine; a study of no less than two years and no less than 1000 hours of
practice, under a clinical supervision.
116
Traditional Chinese Physician holder of BA in Traditional Chinese Medicine; a study of no less than five years and no less than 1500 hours
Medicine (TCM) of theoretical study and 900 hours of practice.
Physician Practitioner
Physician who attended a training course of two to three years; no less than 800 hours of theoretical study and 500
hours of practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Biodynamic Physician holder of a BA in Complementary and Alternative Medicine and a diploma in Biodynamic Craniosacral
Craniosacral Therapy Therapy; a study of no less than two years, of at least 700 hours of training.
Physician holder of a BA in Complementary and Alternative Medicine and a training course in Biodynamic Craniosacral
Therapy.
Herbal Therapy Physician holder of BA in Herbal Therapy; a study of no less than three years.
Physician holder of a diploma in Herbal Therapy; a study of no less than one year.
Physician holder of MA in Herbal Therapy; a study of no less than three years.
Cupping Therapy Physician who attended a practical training of no less than 20 hours.
Massage Therapy Physician who attended a practical training on Massage Therapy of no less than two years; no less than 250 theoretical
Physician Practitioner hours and 750 if practice.
Unani/Arab Medicine Physician holder of BA in Unani/Arab Medicine; a study of no less than five years with the Internship rotation year or a
Physician Practitioner training course of no less than three years to obtain the certificate.
Reflexology Physician Physician who attended a practical training on Reflexology of no less than six months.
Practitioner
117
2. Non-physicians
Acupuncture BA in Chinese needles; a study of no less than four years with the Internship rotation year.
Practitioner
Ayurveda Practitioner BA in traditional Indian medicine BMAS; a of study no less than four years, with the least of 4500 hours of theoretical
study and 1000 hours of practice along with the Internship rotation.
Ayurveda Technician Diploma in traditional Indian medicine, for no less than two years.
Chiropractic BA in Chiropractic medicine; a study of no less than four years.

Practitioner
MA with no less than 4200 hours of theoretical study and 1000 hours of practice.
Homeopathy BA in Homeopathy medicine; a study of no less than four years.

Practitioner
BA in one of the auxiliary medical professions and holder of Homeopathy medicine program of no less than three
regular years.
Naturopathy BA in Naturopathy medicine; a study of no less than three years in the field as a specialist, focusing in treatment
Practitioner using nature and diet.
Osteopathy BA in Osteopathy medicine; a study of no less than four years.

Practitioner
A Natural Therapy certificate from an acknowledged university and a training course of no less than 18 months and
practical training of no less than 1000 hours.
Traditional Chinese BA in Traditional Chinese Medicine; a study of no less than five years and no less than 1500 hours of theoretical study
Medicine (TCM) and 900 hours of practice.
Practitioner
118
Biodynamic BA in a Complementary and Alternative Medicine field and a diploma in Biodynamic Craniosacral Therapy; a study of
Craniosacral Therapy no less than two years and the at least of 700 hours of training.
Practitioner
Biodynamic Diploma in Biodynamic Craniosacral Therapy; a study of no less than two years and the at least of 700 hours of
Craniosacral Therapy training.
Technician
Herbal Therapy BA in Herbal Therapy; a study of no less than three years.

Practitioner
Diploma in Herbal Therapy; a study of no less than one year.
Cupping Therapy BA in a Complementary and Alternative Medicine field and a training course of no less than 60 hours of training.
Practitioner
Cupping Therapy Diploma in one of the auxiliary medical professions and attended a practical training of no less than 80 hours.
Technician
Massage Therapy BA in a Complementary and Alternative Medicine field and a study of at least two years in massaging of no less than
Practitioner 250 theoretical hours and 750 of practice.
Massage Therapy Diploma or a certificate in massaging; a study of no less than two years.
Technician
Unani/Arab Medicine BA in Unani/Arab Medicine; a study of no less than five years with the Internship rotation year.
Reflexology BA in one of the auxiliary medical professions or a Complementary and Alternative Medicine field and a course in
Practitioner Reflexology of no less than 6 months.
Reflexology Technician Diploma or a certificate in Reflexology; a study of no less than two years
119
References
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122

HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS Licensing Standards PDF

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HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS Licensing Standards PDF

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‫معايير ترخيص المهنيين الصحيين‬

Gap of Practice: A defined period of discontinuation of clinical experience/ practice.

Healthcare Profession: A field of healthcare recognized by the Authority.

License: A permission granted by the Authority to practice a healthcare profession.

Licensing: A process of granting a legally protected professional title by the Authority.

AIMS: Australian Institute of Medical laboratory Sciences

ARRT: American Registry of Radiological Technologists

ASAR: Australian Sonography Accreditation Registry

ASCP: American Society for Clinical Pathology

BLE: Bahrain Licensing Examination

BLS: Basic Life Support

BDS Bachelor of Dental Surgery

BSc: Bachelor of Science

CME: Continuing Medical Education

CPD: Continuing Professional Development

CSMLS: Canadian Society for Medical laboratory Sciences

CSRT: Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists

CSS: Central Sterile Services

DDS: Doctor of Dental Surgery

DMD: Doctor of Medical Dentistry

GP: General Practitioner

GSC: Good Standing Certificate

HCPC: Health and Care Professions Council - United Kingdom

ICU: Intensive Care Unit

IMED: International Medical Education Directory

IVF: In Vitro Fertilization

MBBS: Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery

MBChB: Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae

MLT: Medical Laboratory Technologist

MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

NHRA: National health regulatory authority

NRP: Neonatal Resuscitation Program

PALS: Pediatric Advanced Life Support

PHARM. D: Doctor of Pharmacy

PQR: Professional Qualification Requirements

PHD: Doctor of philosophy

PHTLS: Pre Hospital Trauma Life Support

RRT: Registered Respiratory Therapist

UK: United Kingdom

USA: United State of America

WHO: World Health Organization

1.1 Educational Qualifications

1.2 Professional Experience

1.3 Professional License and Good Standing Status

1.5 Licensure examination (BLE)

1.6 BLE Exemption Policy

1. Applicants who hold higher specialization qualifications (Master’s degrees as a minimum)

1.7 Examination Attempts

1.8 Discontinuity of Practice

Gap of Physicians/Dentists Nurses Allied Health TCAM Pharmacists

Licensing Category Minimum CME/CPD

Physicians and Dentists 30

Traditional Complementary and Alternative 10

 License can be renewed up to a maximum of 5 years.

 These standards shall be reviewed once every three years.

 Specialty certificates will be accepted with the following conditions:

Hospital License Category Qualifications Experience and Other Requirements

No license or MBBS or MBChB or equivalent

Senior MBBS or MBChB or equivalent

MBBS or MBChB or equivalent

MBBS or MBChB or equivalent qualification from an

Country Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3