Skeleto-muscular

Systems and
Locomotion
Locomotion requires
energy to overcome
friction and gravity.
At the cellular level

Two contractile systems:

1. Microtubules

2. Microfilaments
Movement
and
Locomotion
At the organismic level

 locomotion and
movement is based on the
contraction of muscles.

Movement
and
Locomotion
SKELETON
Functions:
1. support
2. protection
3. aid in movement
4. storage
5. hematopoiesis Movement
and
Locomotion
Types of skeleton

A. Hydrostatic skeleton

Movement
and
Locomotion
Types of skeleton

B. Exoskeleton

Movement
and
Locomotion
Types of skeleton

C. Endoskeleton

Movement
and
Locomotion
Bone
- mineralized connective
tissue that is hard and
inflexible. - composition:
*osteocytes,
*collagen,
*inorganic
salts made of
Ca and P
Who has more bones –
a baby or an adult?
Types of bone tissue based
on density

a. compact
b. spongy

Movement
and
Locomotion
 Classification
of bones
according to
shape
a. long bones
b. short bones
c. flat bones
d. irregular bones
What is the heaviest,
largest and strongest
bone in your body?
femur or thigh bone
Marrow
- material that fills the
hollow space at the center
of most bone.

Kinds:
a. red
b. yellow
Parts of the skeletal system
Joints

a. non-axial joints
Joints

b. uni-axial joints
Joints

c. bi-axial joints

Movement
and
Locomotion
Joints

d. multi-axial joints

Movement
and
Locomotion
MUSCLE

- contractile tissue.

Animal movement is based

on the contraction of
muscles working against
some type of skeleton.
Movement
and
Locomotion
Functions of muscle

1. produces movement
2. maintains posture
3. stabilizes joints
4. generates heat
Movement
and
Locomotion
Types of muscles
Heart; striated;
involuntary;
intermediate &
rhythmic contraction
Attached to bones;
striated; voluntary;
rapid, short lasting &
not rhythmic
contraction

Walls of hollow visceral

organs; not striated;
involuntary; slow, long
lasting contraction
(some rhythmic)
Antagonistic pairing and action
of skeletal muscle
Antagonistic
skeletal muscles
are paired up in
such a way as
their movements
oppose each
other.
Movement
Muscles can only pull, they never push! and
Locomotion
Muscle attachments

Origin – attached to
fixed bone of its joint.

Insertion – attached
to freely moving
bone of its joint.

During contraction, the muscle insertion Movement

and
moves toward the origin. Locomotion
Muscle coordination

- under cerebellum control

- allows us to walk, pick
up things, and control
these movements in a
coordinated manner.
Movement
and
Locomotion