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Is.4880.1.1987 0 PDF
Is.4880.1.1987 0 PDF
Is.4880.1.1987 0 PDF
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN OF TUNNELS CONVEYING WATER
PART t GENERAL DESIGN
(First Revision)
First Reprint APRIL 1996
(WRD 14)
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN OF TUNNELS CONVEYING WATER
PART 1 GENERAL DESIGN
( First Revision)
e, FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard (Part I ) ( First various parts. Other parts of this standard are
Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of as follows:
Indian Standards on 30 October 1987, after
the draft finalized by the Water Conductor Part 2 Geometric design
Systems Sectional Committee had been appro- Part 3 Hydraulic design
ved by the- Civil Engineering Divison Council. Part 4 Structural design of concrete
lining in rock
0.2 For the alignment of tunnels and designs Part 5 Structural design of concrete
of tunnel supports and lining, the nature of lining in soft strata and soils
loft or hard strata and its formation plays a
Part 6 Tunnel supports
vital role. It is necessary to know the general
topography, the geology of the area, state of Part 7 Structural design of steel lining
stress and other mechanical properties of the
strata. For this certain topographical and 0.4 This standard was lint published in 1975.
geological investigations, in-situ and laboratory The present revision of the standard has been
test, and observations are necessary. For certain taken up in the light of experience gained
locations where difficult working conditions during the last few years in the use of this
are anticipated, more detailed investigations standard. In this revision, the clauses on 'in-
may be undertaken. situ rock and tests' and 'instrumentation' have
been modified to introduce the modern rock
0.3 This standard has been published in mass classification.
1
IS I 4880 ( Part 1 ) • 1987
faults synclines, etc, exist or where exposed 2.1.2 The geological data should be deve-
rock is encountered and where the rock cover loped through a comprehensive geological
is less than the internal water pressure at that investigation which includes:
location. The strip width shall be commensu- a) D,'ai',d "ological mapping - Detailed
rate with the internal water pressure on either geological mapping to know the rock
side of alignment and also up to contours formations, locations and altitude of
corresponding to tunnel grade indicating loca- structural features sue},as folds. faults.
tion of adits where necessary. At portal faces, joint pattern, etc, to plan drill holes;
the contour interval should be reduced to 2 m.
b) Subsurjact Ik/JIoralion - Few cored bore
2.2.2 Wherever possible, aerial ( photogra- holes should be taken at suitable loca-
phic) survey should be carried out and the tions along the alignment of tunnel as
stereoptic coverage should extend for at l~ast suggested by geologist. The number
3 km on either side of the possible foreseen of bore holes depends upon the length
limits of the tunnel alignment. This would of tunnel, rock cover over tunnel
facilitate to pinpoint those areas that require grade, number of adits available and
surface and subsurface investigations for a geological features likely to be met
with. However, the minimum number
detailed assessment. If infra-red aerial photo-
graphy is used, it would facilitate to delineate of bore holes as adjudged to be
necessary by an experienced engineer-
hot water bearing zones in bed rock.
ing geologist in consultation with
design engineers should be provided.
23 Geololleal IDve.til.t~OD.- ~eologic~l For proper determination of rock
investigations should be carried o~t With S~phl. quality designation (RQD) (St,
stieated instruments, lome of which are listed 3.2.3 ), the bore holes should be dri-
in 4.1. If the area has been aerially photogra- lled with NX size and larger size only
phed, such data should be studied. and not that BX or smaller sizes. The
core samples of each bore hole shall
2.3.1 The geological investigations should be preserved and logged by an engi-
be carried out to determine: neering geologist. Bore holes shall
a) Origin and type of rock along. the avoid, as far as possible, intercepting
alignment and study of ~e.gl0n~1 tunnel bore, particularly in water
geological maps of the area, It avail- bearing strata, and shall be properly
able; backfilled preferably with concrete;
b) Geological section along the tunn~ c) Gtophysieal i"v,sltgalions - This type of
alignment giving rock types and their investigation is helpful in establishing
disposition; location and attitude of the rock-soil boundary, in delineating
all structural features of rock such as fault and shear zones, other geologi-
faults thrusts~ joints, dips, strikes and cal structures and similar pheno-
other' geological features including menon. This investigation is also used
pattern extent and content! of fissu- in evaluating rock mass quality by
res; p;esence of water in small or determining in-suu modulus of elasti-
large quantiti~1 and their probable city;
pressure at tunnel grade, etc; d) T,llDisio" invlstigal;lI1& of bo" holls - If
possible, the walls of bore holes may
c) Any geological feature which may be examined by television bore hole
affect the magnitude of rock pressure cameras. This method facilitates in
to be anticipated along the proposed studying the depth of altered rock,
alignment; location and determination of the
d) Cover on the tunnel, position of sub- altitude and character of shear zones,
surface rock and overburden contacts; joints fractures, foliations and bedding
planes, assessment of rock condition
e) Physical, mechanical and strength above and below the water table.
properties of rock to determine suppo- identification of rock ty~s anti other
rting arrangements and also rtsistance visually detectable geological ~hara.
to driving tunnel through rock ( if cteriatics of in-place rock pnor to
tunnelling with a mole is proposed ); excavation;
and e) Explota/ion drifts - Drifts sh?uld. be
f) Hydrological data and information provided at portals or at adit points.
regarding location, type and volume These are most accurate means of
of water and injurious or troublesome determining the geological con~itio~s
gases contained in subsurface strata in tunnelling and for conducting ,n·
around tunnel grade. s,-m rock tests.
2
IS ~ . _ ( Part I ) .1987
3
IS I 4810 ( Part 1 ) • 1987
ti.3 Suitable instruments may be used for which can be proceeded with aa laid down in
construction and post-construction Itages. the followiqg six parts of this code:
Part 2 Geometric design,
4.4 The observations shall be taken in accord-
Part 3 Hydraulic design,
ance with the format and frequency suggested
by the experts. Part 4 Structural design of concrete lining
in rock,
5. GENERAL DESIGN Part 5 Structural design of concrete
lining in loft strata and soils,
5.1 Investigations a8 detailed in 2, :I and 4 can Part 6 Tunnel supports, and
be used in general designing of the tunnel Part 1 Structural design of steel Jining.
4
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