Assignment on solution preparation

Atomic Weights: (S = 32, H =1, O = 16, Na = 23)

1) 5 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid (c = 98%, and density = 1.84 gram/ml) was mixed with 995 ml of pure (distilled) water (density =
1 gram/ml) to make a total volume of exactly 1000 ml dilute sulphuric acid solution. Calculate:
A) The normality of the concentrated acid
B) The normality of the diluted acid
C) The mass of the solution in 5 ml concentrated acid
D) The mass of the solute (H2SO4) in 5 ml of concentrated acid
E) The mass of the solute (H2SO4) in 1000 ml of diluted sulphuric acid solution
F) The mass of the solution in 1000 ml of diluted sulphuric acid solution
G) The mass of the solvent (pure water) in 1000 ml diluted sulphuric acid solution
H) The density of diluted sulphuric acid solution.
I) The concentration in percent (c%) of dilute sulphuric acid solution
2) To prepare 500 ml of 0.1 N Sodium hydroxide solutions from solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH),
A) Calculate the mass of solid sodium hydroxide.
B) Name the glass type to measure the volume exactly.
C) How many moles of solid sodium hydroxide are found in 500 ml of the prepared solution?
Assignment on atmospheric chemistry
1. Show with reaction equations how ozone formed naturally in the stratosphere in the presence of sun energy (with wave length less
than 200 nm?
2. Show with reaction equations for the destruction of ozone naturally in the stratosphere in the presence of sun energy (with wave
length 200-300 nm?
3. Are the ozone formation and destruction naturally protect us from UV-B of the sun?
4. Show with reaction equations chlorine atoms of chlorofluorocarbons destruct ozone molecules of the stratosphere permanently.
5. In which area of our earth do the effects of ozone depletion appear?
6. What are the consequences of less ozone in the stratosphere on our health?
7. What are the consequences of more UV-B on our health?
8. What are the impacts of less ozone laye in the atmosphere on food supply?
9. What are the direct impacts of UV-B reaching our earth on on animals?
10. Can ammonia, propane and water be alternatives {substitutes) as solvents instead of CFCs?
11. Compare the concentrations of ozone layer of stratosphere around the equator to that of the poles?
12. What were the uses of CFCs?
13. What were the reasons that industries used CFCs widely?
14. In which spheres of the atmosphere are ozone molecules considered as pollutants (in the form acid rain and photochemical smog)?
15. Express stratosphere on the basis of it gas composit ion, thickness of the sphere, the temperature versus altitude, and its main use
to life on the earth?
16. Is there a relation on the decrease of ozone layer concentration on the increase in UV-B radiation reaching the earth surface?
17. What are the effects of pollutants released into the atmosphere on plants, humans and materials, respectively?
18. Show with reaction equations how ozone produced from NOx of exhaust gases in photochemical smog?
19. What are the reaction products from the reaction of ozone(g) with NO(g)?
20. List effects of ground level ozone.
21. Name mixture of air pollutants which are formed from exhaust gases in the presence of sunlight.
22. Name the known volatile organic molecules (VOCs)?
23. What are the health effects of VOCs?
24. Show with reaction equation for the formation of PAN from hydrocarbons.
25. What are the effects of PAN on human health and vegetation?
26. What are the two factors influencing the formation of photochemical smog?
27. What are the influences of temperature inversion formation on the distribution of photochemical smog close to ground?
28. Is the air around the ground should be decreased with altitude in the sequence of warm air, cool air and finally cold air so that
photochemical smog does not form?
29. What are the difference and similarity between temperature inversion and topography?
30. Is reduction of primary pollutants (NOx and VOCs) a solution for photochemical smog?
31. Are NOx catalytic converters should be used in vehicles and industries to reduce photochemical smog?
32. What are NOx catalytic converters?
33. Write the chemical formula of the following irritants: a) alkyl nitrite b) peroxyalkyl nitrate
c) alkyl nitrate d) e)peroxyacetyl nitrate e) nitric acid f) ammonium nitrate
34. List the green house gases.
35. Which radiations have a role by being absorbed by green house gases and reradiated back to the earth?
36. What will happen to the earth’s temperature if there are no green house gases around the earth?
37. What determines the contribution of a green gas to global warming?

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38. What are the sources of the green house gas N2O?
39. What are the consequences of global warming a)on sea level b) on water resource c) on agriculture d) on air quality
e) on human health f) on biodiversity a) Ocean current
40. What are the sources of the following green house gases? a) CO 2 b) CH4 c) CFCs
41. What the sinks of the following green house gases? a) CO 2 b) CH4 c) CFCs d) N2O
42. What are the causes of acid rain?
43. Write three reaction equations to show acid rain?
44. How does acid rain affect us?
45. What are major regions of the atmosphere?
46. What are the significant chemical species of each atmospheric region?
47. How does temperature vary with altitude in each region of the atmosphere?

Direction: Use the figures and relations where necessary

1. Given the reaction below and concentration of carbon dioxide in water to be 1.46 10-5 M for water in equilibrium with air,

A) Find the value of the equilibrium constant of the reaction.

B) Calculate the concentration of bicarbonate ion.
C) Calculate the concentration of calcium ion.
D) Calculate the concentration carbonate ion.
E) Calculate pH of the resulting solution.
F) Calculate the alkalinity in mol H+ per litre.
G) Concentration of total inorganic carbon, [C]
2. Some waste water has a BOD5 of 150 mg/l at 20 oC. The reaction rate k at that temperature has been determined to be 0.23/day.

A) Find the ultimate carbonaceous BOD.

B) Find the reaction rate coefficient at 15 oC.
C) Find BOD5 at 15 oC.

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