A Beginners Guide to the Steel Construction Manual last modified: 30 Sept 2006

Example 5.1 by: TBQ

Given: The connection shown has a gusset plate fitted into a slot in an HSS
Given: The connection shown has a gusset plate fitted into a slot in an HSS
section.
section.
The gusset plate is A992 steel.
The gusset plate is A992 steel.
The HSS is A500 Gr B steel.
The HSS is A500 Gr B steel.
The electrode is F7.
The electrode is F7.
T consists of 50 k Dead load and 150 k Seismic Load. Use ASD.
T consists of 50 k Dead load and 150 k Seismic Load. Use ASD.

Loads Material Properties

D 50 k PL HSS Weld
E 150 k Fy 50 46 ksi
Fu 65 58 70 ksi

Wanted: Determine the size and required lengths of the fillet welds so as to minimize the lap
Wanted: Determine the size and required lengths of the fillet welds so as to minimize the lap
of the connection. Draw the appropriate fillet weld on your summary detail drawing.
of the connection. Draw the appropriate fillet weld on your summary detail drawing.

Solution: Bart:
Experiment with ch
weld size and notice
Ta = 155 k ASD LC 5 happens to the req'
length.

Compute the Capacity of Each Element

HSS Plate Welds
t 0.375 t 0.75 Leg size,a 7
locations 4 locations 2 locations 4
FBM 34.8 ksi FBM 39 ksi FW 42
ABM 0.375 L ABM 0.750 L AW 0.309
W 2 W 2 W 2
Rn/WL 26.1 k/in Rn/WL 29.25 k/in Rn/WL 26.0
L 5.94 in L 5.30 in L 5.97
L > 5.97 in
ed: 30 Sept 2006

Bart:
Experiment with changing
weld size and notice what
happens to the req'd lap
length.

/16 in.

ksi
L

k/in
in
A Beginners Guide to the Steel Construction Manual last modified: 9 Aug 2007
Example 5.2 by: TBQ

Given: The single angle connection shown. A992 steel and E70 electrodes are used. The
Given: The single angle connection shown. A992 steel and E70 electrodes are used. The
gusset plate is 3/8 inch thick. The Tension load is 25 k Dead Load and 40 k Wind Load. Use
gusset plate is 3/8 inch thick. The Tension load is 25 k Dead Load and 40 k Wind Load. Use
LRFD.
LRFD.

Loads Material
D 25 k Fy 50 ksi
W 40 k Fu 65 ksi
FEXX 70 ksi

Gusset Angle
t 0.375 in Ag 2.86 in^2
leg 4 in
t 0.375 in
y 1.13 in

Wanted: Determine the size and required lengths of the welds so as to minimize the lap of the
Wanted: Determine the size and required lengths of the welds so as to minimize the lap of the
connection.
connection.
a) All fillet welds are the same size
a) All fillet welds are the same size
b) Fillet welds may be different sizes
b) Fillet welds may be different sizes

Solution:
Pu 94 k (LRFD LC-4)

part (a): The largest weld size will be controlled either by the thickness of the angle leg
or shear rupture in the base metal.

amin 0.1875 in a(max effective) 0.4925 in

amax 0.3125 in
 use, a 0.3125 in

Weld Strength Base Metal Strength

f 0.75 f 0.75
te 0.221 in tbm 0.375 in
rn 9.279 k/in rn 14.625 k/in
frn 6.960 k/in frn 10.969 k/in

Controlling strength, frn = 6.96 k/in (the weld metal controls over the base metal.)

req'd length of weld 13.51 in

Bart:
Balance the Welds Found by taking first
moments of the lines about
Length Arm, y Ly the 'base' L1.

(in) (in) (in2)

L2 4.000 2 8.000 Bart:
Found by subtracting L2
L3 1.816 4 7.263 and L3 from the required
L1 7.691 0 0.000 length.
13.507 1.13 15.263

moments taken about "base", L1 Bart:

Ly / overall length. You have a good
result of this equals the distance to the
centroid of the member.

part (b): For this part use the largest effective weld for L1 and the max allowed for L2 and L3.
Bart:
Found by dividing force by
frn for the weld.

Leg a frn Length Capacity Arm, y Moment Bart:

(in) (k/in) (in) (k) (in) (in-k) Found by taking moments about
L2 0.3125 6.960 4.000 27.84 2 55.68 L1.

L3 0.3125 6.960 1.816 12.64 4 50.54

L1 0.5000 10.969 4.880 53.53 0 0.00
94.00 1.13 106.22

You might observe that all we did was change the size and length of L1… in
both parts (a) and (b) the welds have the same capacities.

You need to complete drawings with appropriate weld symbols!

ed: 9 Aug 2007

f the
of the
r the base metal.)

Bart:
Found by taking moments about
L1.
A Beginners Guide to the Steel Construction Manual last modified: 30 Sept 2006
Example 5.3 by: TBQ

Given: The connection shown has a flat plate tension member attached to a gusset plate.
Given: The connection shown has a flat plate tension member attached to a gusset plate.
The plates are A36 steel.
The plates are A36 steel.
The electrode is F6.
The electrode is F6.
The weld size a = 3/8”
The weld size a = 3/8”

Fu 58 ksi
FEXX 60 ksi
a 0.375 in
L1 3 in
L2 4.24 in
L3 4.24 in
L4 3 in

Wanted:
Wanted:
a) Determine the weld strength of the connection considering the effect of the
a) Determine the weld strength of the connection considering the effect of the
angle of load to weld axis.
angle of load to weld axis.
b) Determine the weld strength of the connection not considering the effect of
b) Determine the weld strength of the connection not considering the effect of
angle of load to weld axis.
angle of load to weld axis.
c) Determine the thickness of the gusset plate to prevent shear rupture.
c) Determine the thickness of the gusset plate to prevent shear rupture.

Solution

Solution Summary:
Rn
(k)
with theta 162.3 1.174166
w/o theta 138.3

Gusset Plate thickness > 0.274 in

part (a): Consider the effects of theta:

Segment Length te Aw Theta Coeff Fw Rn

(in) (in) (in^2) (deg) (ksi) (k)
L1 3.00 0.265 0.795 0.0 0.600 36.0 28.6
L2 4.24 0.265 1.125 45.0 0.778 46.7 52.5
L3 4.24 0.265 1.125 45.0 0.778 46.7 52.5
L4 3.00 0.265 0.795 0.0 0.600 36.0 28.6
Aw = 3.841 Rn = 162.3

part (b): Ignoring effects of theta

Aw = 3.841 in^2
Fw = 36.0 ksi
 Rn = 138.3 kips

part ( c): Thickness of gusset plate to prevent shear rupture

tp >= 0.274 in = 4.39 /16ths

ed: 30 Sept 2006

e.
A Beginners Guide to the Steel Construction Manual last modified: 24 January 2019
Example 5.4 by: TBQ

Given: The eccentrically loaded weld shown.

Load
Dead Load 10 kips
Live Load 25 kips

a 10 degrees
e 8 in

A36 Steel
F6 electrode
Fexx 60 ksi

Wanted:
a. Fillet weld size using the elastic method.
b. Fillet weld size using the IC method
c. Fillet weld by AISC Coefficient method

Solution:

Results Summary: Computations follow

LRFD ASD
Elastic Method 1/2" fillet weld 1/2" fillet weld
IC Method 1/4" fillet weld 1/4" fillet weld
Coefficient Method 5/16" fillet weld 5/16" fillet weld

The controlling load case is LRFD LC2 The controlling load case is ASD LC2

Composite load factor for LRFD: Pu = 52.00 kips Composite load factor for ASD:

Pux = -9.0 kips

Puy = -51.2 kips
Pu e = -416.0 in-k

Find center of weld group (relative to point C)

Segment Length x-coor y-coor xL yL

(in) (in) (in) (in^2) (in^2)
AB 4 2 11 8 44
BC 11 0 5.5 0 60.5
CD 4 2 0 8 0
Total 19 0.842 5.5 16 104.5
 Determine geometric data

Point x-coor y-coor c

(in) (in) (in)
A 3.158 5.50 6.34
B -0.842 5.50 5.56
C -0.842 -5.50 5.56
D 3.158 -5.50 6.34
E 8.123 0.00 <--- point of load application

Part (a)
Use a = 8 /16ths
a 0.5 in
te 0.354 in

Determine Ip relative to the CG. (Assume the te = 1)

All the terms in the following table can be multiplied by the actual te to get the associate property for that te.

Segment b h Area x-coor y-coor Iox Ay^2

(in) (in) (in^2) (in) (in) (in^4) (in^4)
AB 4 0.354 1.414 1.157895 5.5 0.01 42.7735
BC 0.354 11 3.8885 -0.842105 0 39.21 0
CD 4 0.354 1.414 1.157895 -5.5 0.01 42.7735
Total 6.72
Area = 6.72 in^2
Ip = 135.15 in^2

Determine Stresses

LRFD
Translational Rotational Resultant
Point x-dir ydir Stress x-dir ydir fw
(ksi) (ksi) (ksi) (ksi) (ksi) (ksi)
A 1.34 7.6 19.5 -16.93 9.72 23.3
B 1.34 7.62 17.1 -16.93 -2.59 16.4
C 1.34 7.62 17.1 16.93 -2.59 19.0
D 1.34 7.62 19.5 16.93 9.72 25.2
Maximum 25.2

f= 0.75
r = fw * Aw <= f Fw Aw
fw <= f Fw = f 0.60 FEXX
25.2 ksi <= 27 ksi

f w / f Fw = 93.3% Good

Use: 1/2" fillet weld

Part (b)
 divide the weld into one inch segments, numbered successively as you move from point A to point D.

a 4 /16ths
a 0.25 in
te 0.177 in

Relative to CG Computations for ro

x-coor y-coor atan(d) = 0.1728
(in) (in) rox = 9.60
IC -1.870 0.628 <--- change until balance roy = 1.66
CG 0.00 0.00 Good IC These values found by computing
Load 8.12 0.00 the intersection of two lines whose
slope we know and a point that each
ro = 9.74 in (perp dist from IC to load path) passes through.

Reaction
Angle frm Relative to CG Realative to IC Angle frm
Segment Length Vertical x-coor y-coor x-coor y-coor c Vertical
(in) (deg) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (deg)
1 1 90 2.658 5.500 4.528 4.872 6.65 -47.10
2 1 90 1.658 5.500 3.528 4.872 6.02 -54.09
3 1 90 0.658 5.500 2.528 4.872 5.49 -62.58
4 1 90 -0.342 5.500 1.528 4.872 5.11 -72.59
5 1 0 -0.842 5.000 1.028 4.372 4.49 -76.77
6 1 0 -0.842 4.000 1.028 3.372 3.53 -73.05
7 1 0 -0.842 3.000 1.028 2.372 2.59 -66.57
8 1 0 -0.842 2.000 1.028 1.372 1.71 -53.16
9 1 0 -0.842 1.000 1.028 0.372 1.09 -19.90
10 1 0 -0.842 0.000 1.028 -0.628 1.20 31.42
11 1 0 -0.842 -1.000 1.028 -1.628 1.93 57.73
12 1 0 -0.842 -2.000 1.028 -2.628 2.82 68.64
13 1 0 -0.842 -3.000 1.028 -3.628 3.77 74.18
14 1 0 -0.842 -4.000 1.028 -4.628 4.74 77.48
15 1 0 -0.842 -5.000 1.028 -5.628 5.72 79.65
16 1 90 -0.342 -5.500 1.528 -6.128 6.32 76.00
17 1 90 0.658 -5.500 2.528 -6.128 6.63 67.58
18 1 90 1.658 -5.500 3.528 -6.128 7.07 60.07
19 1 90 2.658 -5.500 4.528 -6.128 7.62 53.54
19

Equilibrium Moment: Pn = sum(Pw c)/ro 70.5 k

Horiz.: Pn = sum(Pwx)/sin(delta) 70.5 k
Vert.: Pn = sum(Pwy)/cos(delta) 70.5 k
maximum difference: 0.0

Use Pn = 70.5 kips

LRFD ASD
f= 0.75 W= 2.00
 fPn 52.9 k/connection Pn/W = 35.2
Pu / fPn = 98.4% Good Pa / (Pn/W) = 99.3%

Part (c.)

See SCM pgs 8-90 and 8-91

l= 11 in a 0.74
ex = 8.12 in k 0.36
kl = 4 in
C1 = 0.857

Interpolate on adjacent tables

Angle: 0 deg Angle: 15 deg
k k
0.3 0.36 0.4 0.3 0.36
0.7 1.66 1.84 1.95 0.7 1.68 1.86
a 0.74 1.67 a 0.74 1.79
0.8 1.23 1.39 1.48 0.8 1.5 1.67

Interpolate between tables

Angle C
0 1.669
10 1.750 <--- use this C
15 1.790

Knowing that Req'd Pn = Pu / f and/or Req'd Pn = Pa W:

LRFD ASD
f= 0.75 W= 2.00
Pu 52.0 kips Pa 35.0
Dmin = 4.20 /16ths Dmin = 4.24
Use: 5/16" fillet weld Use: 5/16" fillet weld
ed: 24 January 2019

ase is ASD LC2

Pa = 35.00 kips

Pax = -6.1 kips

Pay = -34.5 kips
Pa e = -280.0 in-k
ssociate property for that te.

Ix Ioy Ax^2 Iy Ip
(in^4) (in^4) (in^4) (in^4) (in^4)
42.8 1.89 1.90 3.78 46.57
39.2 0.04 2.76 2.80 42.01
42.8 1.89 1.90 3.78 46.57
124.8 10.36 135.15

ASD
Translational Rotational
Point x-dir ydir Stress x-dir ydir Resultant
(k/in/te) (k/in/te) (k/in/te) (k/in/te) (k/in/te) (k/in/te)
A 0.90 5.1 13.1 -11.40 6.54 15.7
B 0.90 5.1 11.5 -11.40 -1.74 11.0
C 0.90 5.1 11.5 11.40 -1.74 12.8
D 0.90 5.1 13.1 11.40 6.54 17.0
Maximum 17.0

W= 2
r = fw * Aw <= Fw Aw / W
fw <= Fw / W = 0.60 FEXX / W
17.0 ksi <= 18 ksi

fw / (Fw / W) = 94.2% Good

Use: 1/2" fillet weld

om point A to point D.

in
in
ues found by computing
ction of two lines whose
now and a point that each

Def. at Def. at
ult stress Element max stress
Theta Du Du / c D Dm p f(p) Fw Pw
(deg) (in) (in) (in) (ksi) (k)
42.90 0.0217 3.26E-03 0.0175 0.0155 1.132 0.999 46.11 8.15
35.91 0.0240 3.98E-03 0.0158 0.0163 0.970 0.999 44.08 7.79
27.42 0.0278 5.06E-03 0.0145 0.0177 0.816 0.985 41.63 7.36
17.41 0.0350 6.85E-03 0.0134 0.0202 0.665 0.958 38.95 6.88
-76.77 0.0154 3.43E-03 0.0118 0.0129 0.915 0.995 53.29 9.42
-73.05 0.0159 4.50E-03 0.0093 0.0131 0.707 0.967 52.84 9.34
-66.57 0.0168 6.49E-03 0.0068 0.0135 0.504 0.910 51.82 9.16
-53.16 0.0192 1.12E-02 0.0045 0.0145 0.312 0.815 48.89 8.64
-19.90 0.0328 3.00E-02 0.0029 0.0195 0.148 0.669 39.57 6.99
31.42 0.0258 2.14E-02 0.0032 0.0170 0.187 0.713 42.78 7.56
57.73 0.0183 9.48E-03 0.0051 0.0141 0.359 0.843 50.00 8.84
68.64 0.0165 5.84E-03 0.0074 0.0134 0.555 0.927 52.18 9.22
74.18 0.0157 4.17E-03 0.0099 0.0131 0.760 0.977 52.99 9.37
77.48 0.0153 3.23E-03 0.0125 0.0129 0.969 0.999 53.36 9.43
79.65 0.0151 2.63E-03 0.0151 0.0128 1.179 0.997 53.56 9.47
14.00 0.0388 6.14E-03 0.0166 0.0215 0.773 0.979 38.14 6.74
22.42 0.0309 4.65E-03 0.0175 0.0188 0.929 0.996 40.24 7.11
29.93 0.0265 3.75E-03 0.0186 0.0172 1.079 1.001 42.34 7.48
36.46 0.0238 3.12E-03 0.0201 0.0163 1.234 0.992 44.25 7.82
2.63E-03

Compute a coefficient as found in the Tables (see SCM pg 8-90)

C1 0.857
l 11 in
D 4
Pu / f = Pa W = Pn = 70.5 kips
C= 1.87
 k/connection
Good

0.4
1.97

1.77

kips
/16ths
5/16" fillet weld
 Pwx Pwy Pw c
(k) (k) (in-k)
-5.97 5.55 54.2
-6.31 4.57 46.9
-6.53 3.39 40.4
-6.57 2.06 35.1
-9.17 2.16 42.3
-8.93 2.72 32.9
-8.40 3.64 23.7
-6.92 5.18 14.8
-2.38 6.58 7.6
3.94 6.45 9.1
7.47 4.72 17.0
8.59 3.36 26.0
9.01 2.55 35.3
9.21 2.04 44.7
9.31 1.70 54.2
6.54 1.63 42.6
6.57 2.71 47.1
6.49 3.73 52.9
6.29 4.65 59.6
12.24 69.40 686.5
70.47
10.00566 deg
A Beginners Guide to the Steel Construction Manual last modified: 12 July 2008
Example 5.5 by: TBQ

Given: A connection plate is welded to the face of a W section column flange and is bolted to the web of a W
: A connection
Givenbeam
section as shown.plate
Theisconnection
welded to plate
the face of a W
is ASTM section
A36 steel column flange
that is 1/4" andThe
thick. is bolted to the are
W sections webASTM
of a W
section
A992 beam
steel. Theasweld
shown. The connection
electrode is F7. A = 2plate is ASTM
inches and B A36
is tosteel that isThe
9 inches. 1/4" thick.
weld size,The
a1,Wis sections
1/4 inch.are ASTM
The beam
A992 steel. The weld electrode is F7. A = 2 inches and B is to 9 inches. The weld
reaction transferred by the connection plate is 3 parts dead load and 5 parts live load. size, a1, is 1/4 inch. The beam
reaction transferred by the connection plate is 3 parts dead load and 5 parts live load.

A 2 in
B 9 in
tpl 0.25 in
Weld Size 4 /16 ths
F7 electrode
Fexx 70 ksi

Loads
Dead 3 parts
Live 5 parts

Wanted:
a)Wanted:
Determine the maximum beam reaction based on weld strength of the fillet welds
a) Determine
that connect thethe maximum
plate to the Wbeam reaction
section. Use based on weld
LRFD and strength
express of theinfillet
your result termswelds
of
that connect the plate to the
comparable service level loads. W section. Use LRFD and express your result in terms of
comparable service level loads.
b) repeat the problem using the coefficients on SCM pg 8-66
b) repeat the problem using the coefficients on SCM pg 8-66

Solution

Solution Summary: Calculations follow

Maximum Beam Reaction (in Ps,eq terms)

LRFD ASD
Part (a) 41.47 40.09 kips
Part (b) 63.70 61.58

Find the composite Load Factors:

LRFD and ASD load case 2 controls

LRFD: Pu = 1.45 Ps,eq
ASD: Pa = 1.00 Ps,eq

Part (a)

Find center of weld group (relative to top of the weld group)

 Segment Length x-coor y-coor xL yL
(in) (in) (in) (in^2) (in^2)
Left 9 -0.125 -4.5 -1.125 -40.5
Right 9 0.125 -4.5 1.125 -40.5
Total 18 0.000 -4.500 0 -81

Find the section properties for the weld group

te 0.177 in
Aw 0.177 in^2/ inch of weld length

Relative to NA of weld group

Segment Height Width Area x-coor y-coor Iox Ay^2 Ix
(in) (in) (in^2) (in) (in) (in^4) (in^4) (in^4)
Left 9 0.177 1.591 -0.125 0.000 10.738 0.000 10.7
Right 9 0.177 1.591 0.125 0.000 10.738 0.000 10.7
Total 3.18 21.5

Stress in Top due to a unit load, P 1 kip

Pe 2 in-k

Translational Rotational Resultant

fx fy fx fy fw Angle
(ksi) (ksi) (ksi) (ksi) (ksi) (deg)
0.000 0.314 0.419 0.000 0.524 53.1

Max weld force = fw Aw = 0.093 k/in of weld

Ratio P / Max weld force = 10.800

Max allowed weld force: 0.814663

Fw = 0.6*FEXX 42 ksi 57.02638
rn = Fw * Aw 7.42 k/in of weld length 10.07941

Max force, P, that can be applied to the weld group as shown:

Pn = rn * (P / Max weld force) = 80.17 kips 108.8577

LRFD ASD
f= 0.75 W= 2
f Pn = 60.13 kips Pn / W = 40.09 kips
CLF = 1.45 CLF = 1.00
Ps,eq = 41.47 kips Ps,eq = 40.09 kips <--- maximum beam reaction

Part (b)

Using coefficients found on SCM pg 8-66

a 0.222 C1 1
k 0.000 D 4

Find coefficient, C, by interpolation:

a C
 0.200 3.51
0.222 3.42 <---- use
0.250 3.31

Rn = 123.16 k

LRFD ASD
f= 0.75 W= 2
f Pn = 92.37 kips Pn / W = 61.58 kips
CLF = 1.45 CLF = 1.00
Ps,eq = 63.70 kips Ps,eq = 61.58 kips <--- maximum beam reaction
um beam reaction
um beam reaction