ORDER Instructions from one party (e.g., BROKER or client) to a second party (e.g.

, DEALER or MARKET
MAKER) to execute the purchase or sale of SECURITIES or other ASSETS. There are four broad classes of
orders: MARKET ORDERS, LIMIT ORDERS, STOP ORDERS, and TIME ORDERS, each with their own
variations related to time, price, and discretion.

Types of Orders

ALL-OR-ANY PORTION ORDER An ORDER to purchase or sell any, or all, of a specified quantity of
SECURITIES, generally at the BROKER’s discretion.

ALL-OR-NONE ORDER An ORDER to purchase or sell SECURITIES that must be filled at the limit price
or better in its entirety or else cancelled. All-or-none orders are often marked FILL OR KILL.
AT BEST ORDER An ORDER to buy or sell SECURITIES at the best price available at the time the order
is placed. An at best order is a form of MARKET ORDER.

AT THE CLOSE ORDER An ORDER to buy or sell SECURITIES at the market closing price; if the order
cannot be fully executed, it is cancelled.

AT THE FULL ORDER An ORDER to buy or sell SECURITIES at the integer closest to the BID (for a
purchase) or OFFER (for a sale).

AT THE OPEN ORDER An ORDER to buy or sell SECURITIES at the market open price; if the order
cannot be fully executed, it is cancelled.

AWAY FROM THE MARKET A BID on a LIMIT ORDER that is lower than the current price, or an ASK
that is higher than the current price. The order is held for later EXECUTION unless it is specifically identified
as an ALL-OR-NONE ORDER.

BLOCK ORDER EXPOSURE SYSTEM In the United Kingdom, an electronic mechanism that provides
QUOTES for BLOCK ORDERS of STOCK.

BOARD LOT [COL] A minimum ORDER size established by an EXCHANGE, i.e., one board lot may be
set equal to a given number of shares. See also LOT, ODD LOT, ROUND LOT.

BUNCHING [COL] The process of grouping together many small retail trade ORDERS (i.e., ODD LOTS)
and combining them into a single large order. Bunching often permits better EXECUTION levels and reduces
the administrative expenses associated with processing each small trade individually. BROKERS can only
bunch orders if all INVESTORS agree.

BUY MINUS [COL] An ORDER to purchase a block of SECURITIES at a price that is lower than the current
market price.

BUY THE BOOK [COL] An ORDER given by a client to a BROKER to purchase all of a SPECIALIST’s
or MARKET MAKER’s inventory of a SECURITY, as well as the inventory of other BROKER/DEALERS,
at the current market price.

CLEAN [COL] Matched buy and sell ORDERS on a BLOCK TRADE that leave the MARKET MAKER,
DEALER, or INTERMEDIARY without a RISK position.

CROSSED TRADE A practice where ORDERS to buy and sell listed SECURITIES are matched without
being channeled through an EXCHANGE; once crossed, the details may be reported to the exchange. Crossed
trades are not permitted in certain market jurisdictions as they are thought to reduce transparency and leave
open the possibility for unfair pricing practices.
DAY ORDER A LIMIT ORDER for the purchase or sale of SECURITIES that is automatically cancelled if
it is not executed during the trading day.

DISCRETIONARY ORDER An ORDER for the purchase or sale of SECURITIES, COMMODITIES, or

other financial ASSETS given by a client to a BROKER, where the broker has flexibility to execute a deal at
the price and time deemed best.

DO NOT REDUCE ORDER An ORDER with a price that is not to be adjusted in case of a STOCK SPLIT
or DIVIDEND payout.

DUTCH AUCTION An AUCTION MARKET technique used in certain marketplaces where the price of a
SECURITY or ASSET being sold is lowered until a BID is obtained; the remaining orders are then filled at
the same price.

ENGLISH AUCTION An AUCTION MARKET technique applied in certain marketplaces where the price
of a SECURITY being sold is publicly announced at each stage, allowing parties to submit higher BIDS.
When no further bids are received, the orders are filled.

EXPOSED TO THE MARKET [COL] A purchase or sale ORDER in the SECURITIES markets that must
be shown to the market at large before it can be INTERNALIZED or CROSSED on an alternative venue.

FILL OR KILL [COL] A common form of designating an ALL-OR-NONE ORDER. Written trade tickets
may be marked “FOK” as an abbreviation.

FIRM ORDER An ORDER submitted by a client to a BROKER or DEALER that remains valid until it is
cancelled by the client. If the specific parameters regarding price, quantity, and time can be executed the
broker/dealer is not required to refer back to the client.

FLOW [COL] The total of customer ORDERS passing through a BROKER or DEALER.

GOOD FOR MONTH ORDER A LIMIT ORDER or STOP ORDER to buy or sell a SECURITY that
remains in effect until the end of the current month.

GOOD TILL CANCELLED ORDER A LIMIT ORDER for the purchase or sale of a SECURITY at a
specific price that remains in effect until the price target is met and the TRADE is executed, or is otherwise
cancelled by the individual or institution placing the order.

HIDDEN ORDER A type of ORDER submitted to an EXCHANGE or ALTERNATIVE TRADING

SYSTEM that remains completely obscured from public view.

IMMEDIATE OR CANCEL ORDER An ORDER to purchase or sell SECURITIES where the BROKER
is instructed to fill as much of the order as possible as soon as it is entered and cancel any portion that is not
immediately filled.

LIMIT BUY ORDER An ORDER to buy SECURITIES if a target level is reached, with no assurance the
order can be filled at the limit price. See also LIMIT SELL ORDER.

LIMIT ON CLOSE ORDER An ORDER to buy or sell SECURITIES at the market close, but only if the
closing price is better than the limit specified.

LIMIT ORDER An ORDER for the purchase or sale of a SECURITY at a specific price limit. If the price is
not attained the order expires unfilled or it remains open until the client instructs otherwise.
LIMIT SELL ORDER An order to sell SECURITIES if a target level is reached, with no assurance the order
can be filled at the LIMIT PRICE.

LIMIT BUY ORDER An ORDER to buy SECURITIES if a target level is reached, with no assurance the
order can be filled at the limit price.

LIMIT ON CLOSE ORDER An ORDER to buy or sell SECURITIES at the market close, but only if the
closing price is better than the limit specified.

LIMIT ORDER An ORDER for the purchase or sale of a SECURITY at a specific price limit. If the price is
not attained the order expires unfilled or it remains open until the client instructs otherwise.

LIMIT SELL ORDER An order to sell SECURITIES if a target level is reached, with no assurance the order
can be filled at the LIMIT PRICE.

MARKET IF TOUCHED ORDER An ORDER to purchase or sell a SECURITY if a particular price is

reached; once attained, the order converts into a MARKET ORDER and is filled at the best available market
price.

MARKET ON CLOSE ORDER An ORDER to purchase or sell a SECURITY at the price prevailing at
market close. The market on close is effectively equivalent to a delayed MARKET ORDER.

MARKET ORDER An ORDER for the purchase or sale of a SECURITY at the current market level; as long
as sufficient LIQUIDITY is available, the order will be filled at the market price.

MATCHED BARGAIN In the United Kingdom, the pairing of an ORDER to buy and an order to sell a
specific STOCK.

MIXED LOT [COL] A total ORDER comprised of ROUND LOTS and ODD LOTS.

ODD LOT An ORDER that is smaller than the standard institutional TRADING size in a particular
SECURITY or market. Odd lots, which are most often associated with RETAIL INVESTORS, are generally
subject to higher COMMISSIONS/fees than ROUND LOTS.

OPEN DISPLAY The electronic LIMIT ORDER book of BIDS and OFFERS in a given STOCK as supplied
by an ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK. Open displays provide full visibility on all orders
that are not held back as RESERVE ORDERS or HIDDEN ORDERS.

ORDER IMBALANCE An excess of purchase or sale ORDERS waiting to be filled via an EXCHANGE or
OVER-THE-COUNTER that can disrupt LIQUIDITY and cause divergences between BIDS and OFFERS;
in more extreme cases an imbalance can lead to temporary suspension of TRADING. An imbalance can arise
from positive or negative news or rumors about a company or
marketplace.

OVERSUBSCRIPTION A situation where the number of ORDERS for a NEW ISSUE of SECURITIES is
greater than the available SUPPLY, suggesting the price of the security will rise sharply at launch. If an
EQUITY issue is oversubscribed, the UNDERWRITERS may exercise the GREENSHOE and float more
shares; if a DEBT issue is oversubscribed, the issuer may authorize the underwriters to increase the size of
the deal. See also UNDERSUBSCRIPTION.

PARENT ORDER An overarching ORDER to execute a particular transaction that can be divided up into
smaller CHILD ORDERS. A parent order is commonly used as a fundamental starting point in
ALGORITHMIC TRADING.
RESERVE ORDER An ORDER on an EXCHANGE that is only partially visible in the exchange’s order
book – the balance remains hidden, and is only fed into the order book as executions take place. Reserve
orders are a form of DARK LIQUIDITY.

ROUND LOT A SECURITIES ORDER executed in the standard TRADING size associated with the security
marketplace. Round lots typically carry lower COMMISSIONS or fees than small size ODD LOTS.

SELL PLUS ORDER An ORDER to execute a SECURITIES sale only if the price is higher than the
preceding TRADE.

SELL THE BOOK ORDER An ORDER to sell as much of a current position as possible at the prevailing
market price.

STANDING ORDER Authorization granted by an ACCOUNT holder to a BANK to allow for recurring
direct DEBITS to be made in payment of a good or service.

STOP LIMIT ORDER An ORDER to buy or sell SECURITIES at a limit price once the stop level is reached,
rather than the market price characteristic of a traditional STOP ORDER.

STOP LOSS ORDER A STOP ORDER to sell a SECURITY at the market once a particular price level is
reached. The stop loss does not guarantee a specific EXECUTION price; it simply invokes an order to sell at
the stop level.

STOP ORDER An ORDER to purchase or sell SECURITIES once a particular price level is reached on the
upside or downside. The stop order does not GUARANTEE specific price EXECUTION, simply that the
order will become an effective purchase or sale and will then be filled at the best available price. The most
common stop order is the STOP LOSS ORDER.

STOPPED OUT [COL] A situation when the market price of a given SECURITY or ASSET moves below
a particular level and triggers a STOP LOSS ORDER.

SUNSHINE TRADE [COL] A large ORDER in a SECURITY that is made public before EXECUTION, in
order to increase transparency and reduce any potential for confusion.

SWEEP-TO-FILL ORDER A MARKET ORDER which is divided into several individual orders to capture
the best available price at that point in time, in order to ensure fast EXECUTION. The order gives greater
weight to speed of execution than price.

TIME ORDER An ORDER to purchase or sell SECURITIES with a specific time constraint, such as at the
close or open of a market, or at some future date.

UNDERSUBSCRIPTION A situation where the number of ORDERS for a NEW ISSUE of SECURITIES
is lower than the available SUPPLY, suggesting the price of the security could decline at launch. Depending
on the nature of the CAPITAL commitment, the UNDERWRITERS may take up a shortfall in orders.

WHIPSAW [COL] A fall in the price of a SECURITY, triggering a STOP LOSS ORDER and sale, followed
by a price rebound. Alternatively, a rise in the price, triggering a buy order and purchase, followed by a price
decline.

WIRE TRANSFER An electronic ORDER for the payment of funds from one party to another. Various
wire mechanisms exist to accommodate such transfers, including the Fed Wire, CLEARINGHOUSE
AUTOMATED PAYMENT SYSTEM, and the CLEARINGHOUSE INTERBANK PAYMENT SYSTEM.