Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ICP OM ConstructionCivilEng
ICP OM ConstructionCivilEng
ICP OM ConstructionCivilEng
Concrete Mixer:
• This is a power mechanically operated machine which is used
to mix the concrete. It consists a hollow cylindrical part with
inner side wings. In which cement, sand, aggregates and
water is mix properly.
Cont..…
Belt Conveyors:
• The process of carrying the concrete mix from the place of it’s
mixing to final position of deposition is termed as
transportation of concrete.
• At site it is done by belt conveyors.
Concrete mixer Belt Conveyors
Cont.….
Compactors:
• When the concrete has been placed, it shows a very loose
structure. Hence, it must be compacted to remove the air
bubbles and voids so as to make it dense and solid concrete to
obtain a high strength.
• At the site , Needle vibrator
was used.
Brick Masonary
• The bricks are obtained by moulding clay in rectangular block
of uniform size and then drying and burning these blocks.
Brick masonry easy to construct compare stone masonry.
• Less time consuming .
• There is no need of skilled labour to construct it.
• The bricks do not require dressing and the arty of laying bricks
is so simple.
• There are Mainly 3 classes of bricks:
• Class A
• Class B
• Class C
Cont.….
Brick work in Mud Mortar:
• In this type of brick work mud is used to fill up the joints. Mud
is mixer of sand and clay. The thickness of mortar joint is
12mm.
Brick Work In Lime Mortar:
• Lime mortar is mixer of lime and sand the thickness of joints
does not exceeds 10mm.
Brick Work In Cement Mortar:
• Cement mortar is mixer of cement and sand .
• The ratio of cement and sand varies according to construction
as in brick masonary it generally kept 1:6.The thickness of
joint does not exceeds 10mm.
Bonds Used in Brick Masonary
• Mainly, there are 4 types of bonds used in brick masonary.
Stretcher Bond :
• The bricks are laid along its length in all courses.
Cont.….
Header Bond:
• The bricks are laid along its width in all courses. A half and
three quarter bat is also used in alternative courses to break
the verticality of joints.
English Bond:
• Alternate courses consist of stretcher and header. A queen
closer is put next to quoin header to break the verticality of
joints.
• Generally such types of bond is provided in walls width is 9
inches
Cont.….
English Bond:
Flemish Bond:
• It also provides good strength. Stretcher and header is
provided in each course alternatively. A queen closer is put
next to quoin header in each alternate course to break the
verticality of joints.
Plastering
• The term plastering is used to describe thin cover that is
applied on the surface of walls. It removes unevenness of
surface of walls. Sometimes it is use for decorative purpose
also.
• The thickness of plaster should be at least 10-15 mm.
Building By-Laws
• For the construction of any building, certain restrictions are
laid down by Municipal bodies, Urban development
authorities ,and other government departments as town
planning trusts to clear open spaces to be left around the
buildings.
Plinth Area Regulations:
1 Less than 200 sq. m 66.66 % of the plot area on the ground.
2 201 to 500 sq. m 50% of the plot area or 133 sq. m whichever
is more.
3 501 to 1000 sq. m 40% of the plot area or 250 sq. m whichever
is more.
4 More than 1000 sq. m 33.33 % of the plot area or 400 sq. m
whichever is more.
Cont.….
Open Space Regulations:
• Width of street fronting the plot (m) Front open space minimum (m)
Upto7.5 1.5
7.5 to 18 3.0
18 to 30 4.5
Above 30 6.0