FLAME DETECTORS

FIREYE
FLAME DETECTORS
FLAME DETECTORS
Flame Detectors Defined

A device which detects the

presence or absence of a flame in
order to prevent combinations of
fuel, heat, and oxygen at
inappropriate times.

Every Burner
Needs A
Detector!!!
FLAME DETECTORS
Flame Discrimination Defined

Background Flame

Target Flame

Field of
View

Detector

The ability to distinguish the target flame

from all other flames in the furnace
FLAME DETECTORS Flame Detector
System Defined

Flame Detector
Flame Radiation

Detector Signal

Output to BMS

A single input for a BMS!

FLAME DETECTORS
Current Methods Of
Flame Detection

Visible Light. . . . . . . . . . . .Photocells

Infrared (IR) . . . . . . . . . . .Lead Sulfide (typically)

Ultraviolet (UV) . . . . . . . . . UV Tube (gas filled)

UV Cell (solid state)

Flame Rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . KANTHAL Rod

FLAME DETECTORS
What is UV and IR?

A bundle of energy focused at a specific wavelength

FLAME DETECTORS
All Flames Have UV And IR

First 1/3 Last 2/3

Highest UV Highest IR
Radiation Radiation

Lowest IR Lowest UV
Radiation Radiation
FLAME DETECTORS Applying The Correct
Detector For The Fuel

General Rule of Thumb:

Ultraviolet Natural Gas /Light oil

Infrared * Light Oil / Heavy Oil/ Coal
Visible Light Residential Market
FLAME DETECTORS How the
Solid State Sensor Works

Photo-Resistor Flame

IR
Natural State-
High Resistance
IR Lowers
Resistance

Vi
Open Vi
Circuit Vo (Flame Signal)
FLAME DETECTORS
Flicker Frequency

Line of Sight High Amplitude-

Low Frequency

40 Hz Background

Target
Flame

Low Amplitude-
High Frequency 40 Hz 120 Hz

Flickering Flame Flicker

Flame Signal Frequency
FLAME DETECTORS
Bandpass Filters

Background
Signal
Target Flame Signal

Bandpass Filter

 FFT

Allows you to tune into the frequency of the flame

FLAME DETECTORS
UNIFLAME

InSight II
The Next Generation
in Flame Detection
FLAME DETECTORS
Flame Scanner evolution

Split
Architecture
FLAME FLAME
DETECTOR AMPLIFIER
CUSTOMER
DETECTOR
CABLE INTERFACE BMS

Compact or
(unitized) DETECTOR
AMPLIFIER
DETECTOR
CABLE
BMS
FLAME DETECTORS
Flame Detection !

• NFPA/TUV requirement:
– Every burner
requires a detector
• Promotes boiler safety
– Fuel safety shut off
system
• Provides real time flame
information
– Flame stability
– Combustion quality
FLAME DETECTORS
Challenges
• Discrimination
– Multi-burner
configurations
– Igniter against
main flame
– Mixed fuel firing
• Detection
– Low NOx burner
technology
– Different process
variables
• Optimization
FLAME DETECTORS InSight II
FEATURES

• Universal Explosion Proof • 2 Integral flame

Housing relays
• 24 vdc, Microprocessor (programmable)
Based • Integral fault relay
• 2 line, VF, Alpha-Numeric
• 4-20 mA signal output
Display
• Solid State & Selectable
– flame quality
IR, UV, & Dual Sensor – flame signal
• Adjustable on / off
thresholds
• Adjustable frequency
• Adjustable gain
FLAME DETECTORS InSight II
Enhancements to InSight I

• 2 totally independent and programmable

flame relays in one device
• RTU Modbus Communications – offering
OPC interface
• FEG display with max & min setting
• Tuning indication status
• Flexible tuning capabilities
• 4-20mA programmable for Flame Quality
or Flame Signal
FLAME DETECTORS
Applications
• Difficult Heaters, Reformers
• SRU’s
• Wall Fired Burners
– Front Wall
– Opposed Wall
– Cyclone
• Tangentially Fired
– Application adaptable
• Fuels
– Gas, Oil, Coal
– H2S, Bio Gas
– Waste Gases
FLAME DETECTORS Keypad and Display
(options)

• Alphanumeric VF display
• Wireless Display with
IrDA remote (IS certified)
• Totally Programmable
using the keypad (lap top
not necessary)
95DISP-1
• Password protected
• Self fault diagnostics
• Internal temperature
indication with max
recorded (reset-enable)

95WIDISP-2 95WIHH-2
FLAME DETECTORS Storage Files
(A, B, C, D)

• Used when multiple ‘Profiles’ need to be

captured:
– Fuels
– Loads
– Igniter and main flame viewing
(Class3)
– Process conditions (FGR, etc.)
• Bumpless file transfer
FLAME DETECTORS
Remote File Select

CR2 Yellow
K (RFS2)
“Common” CR1 Blue
J (RFS1)

Power Supply
Connector Pins

Binary RFS Switching Logic

File RFS1 (Blue) RFS2 (Yellow)
A Open Open
B Closed Open
C Open Closed
D Closed Closed
FLAME DETECTORS Communications (RS485)

• Remote detector display and operation via RS485 link

• True modbus output allowing OPC interface with DCS
• FEX Software allows you to -
i. Save ‘Profile’ in PC for future use
ii. Monitor performance of detectors in relation to other
burners
iii. Analyze flicker frequency/amplitude curve
iv. Evaluate detector configuration data
FLAME DETECTORS Status Menu Loop

‘HELP’ key
FLAME DETECTORS Status Menu Loop
(provides local information)

DISPLAY VALUES
FR1=, FR2= Flame Relays ON, OFF
FS (File Select) = A, B, C, D
FQ 0 0-100
Date & Time Day/Mth/Yr; hh/mm/ss
FS (File Select Method) Key, Line, Comms
Max & Current Temp °C & °F
FS (Total Flame Signal) 1. 0-999, 2. 0-999
Sensors in use 1. IR&UV, 2. IR&UV
SW Rev Software Rev #
Comms Address 1-247
ONTH 1: 040, 2: 040
OFFTH 1: 020, 2: 020
Learn Status 1:, 2: MAN, ON, OFF, BOTH
Front End Gain IR:5-255, UV:5-255
IRFS (IR Flame Signal) 1: 0-999, 2: 0-999
UVFS (UV Flame Signal) 1: 0-999, 2: 0-999
Select to enter Error History Last 10 error
Select to enter Config Menu xxxx (pin reqd)
FLAME DETECTORS Configuration Menu
Part 1 of 2 (Password protected)

Remote File Sel

Password You don’t need

Configuration Menu
Reset Max Temp a lap top!
FS Squelch msg

Active File A-D

A-IR Gain Range

A-UV Gain Range

FLAME DETECTORS Configuration Menu
Part 2 of 2 (Password protected)

Auto Config

File Copy You don’t need

Configuration Menu
4-20mA settings a lap top!
Date / Time

Comms setting

FR1 IR Settings
Man Config FR1
FR1 UV Settings

FR2 IR Settings
Man Config FR2
FR2 UV Settings
FLAME DETECTORS Auto Config Menu
(Password protected)
FLAME DETECTORS InSight
AutoTune Menu Loop

• After completing the AutoTune, the

scanner automatically sets the
following parameters:
– Active Sensors: IR or UV or Both
– Individual Sensor Gain (proportional to
discrimination ratio)
– Individual Sensor Band (Frequency)
– RF ON and RF OFF Thresholds
FLAME DETECTORS Manual Configuration
UV & IR settings (FR1 & FR2)

DISPLAY VALUES

R1AIR Band i23 – 179(Hz) / 0-999

R1AIR Gain iG1-31 / 0-999
R1AIR FEG LRNED 5 - 255
R1AIR FEG MIN 5 -255
R1AIR FEG MAX 5-255
UV Band u23 – 179(Hz) / 0-999
UV Gain uG1-31 / 0-999
R1AUV FEG LRNED 5 -255
R1AUV FEG MIN 5 – 255
R1AUV FEG MAX 5 - 255
FLAME DETECTORS FEX
PC Communications

• PC Windows based software

• Allows OPC interface
• Remotely operate the scanner keypad
• Remotely monitor multiple scanners
• Observe stored scanner memory, flame
signal graphs, scanner bar graphs, etc.
FLAME DETECTORS FEX
PC Communications

• Fireye Explorer software provides:

– Alarm and Event recording
– Dynamic real-time data
– Real time and Historic record
– Snapshot for high volume scanner data
– Multi port interface to PC
FLAME DETECTORS
Typical Insight 2 Faceplates

• Dynamic
bars show
active data
• ON/OFF
limits show
trip status
FLAME DETECTORS
Typical Insight 2 trend data

• Dynamic data shown with ON/OFF limits

• Variable time base
• Zoom facility
• Snapshot
FLAME DETECTORS
Alarm, and Event record

• Time tagged record.

• Communications address and scanner name
shown