2.

Which Events separate hindus and muslims

The seeds of the Hindu - Muslim divide were sown decades before the actual act of
partition. There is no single incident that caused partition but a series of
unfortunate and tragic events set in motion and helped along by the British and
made possible because of the selfishness of some Indian Princes and power hungry
politicians.

It started as early as 1857 - The first Indian Rebellion. This was a time when
Hindus and Muslims fought together for one common cause - Independence. This
rebellion was supported by the Mughals, Princely State of Gwalior, the Gujjar
States and the forces of Rani Laxmi Bhai and Nana Sahib Peshwa. The rebellion
was put down and the British forces (along with 21 other Indian Princely States)
won and thus began, officially, the British Raj.

The British soon learned that the only way they could hold on to power was by a
policy of divide and rule. Creating communal tensions, polarised the population
and created this divide. This was, by no means, sudden. In fact it was a gradual
process that slowly infected and corrupted the very roots of the independence
movement.

This policy of divide and rule caused a lot of mutual distrust between the Hindus
and Muslims. The Muslims, who were a minority, felt that they were not
adequately represented in leadership roles (Indian Civil Services, Police, etc.). This
feeling that they were being victimized by the majority (Hindus) was the cause of a
lot of unhappiness and distrust. This was, for the most part, not true but it was a
feeling that was exploited by their leaders.

The All India Muslim League was essentially born out of this discontentment with
the system. They initially believed that they could fix the system from within. But
power hungry politicians within this Muslim League saw to it that this struggle for
proportional representation in leadership roles eventually graduated to a demand
for a separate homeland. Once again, this was a gradual process. A process that
saw multiple viable solutions thrown under the bus just to accomodate the
selfishness of a few people in the Muslim League.

Initially when the demand for a separate homeland for Muslims was made, no one
took it seriously. It was an absurd idea and most leaders, including the British,
realised this. But eventaully this demand grew ever more popular in the Northwest
of the Indian subcontinent. After many failed negotiations and plans to keep the
Union intact, many riots (some of them openly instigated by the All India Muslim
League) around the time of Independence, partition seemed like the only solution.
And thus Pakistan was born out of British India.

Seeds of mutual distrust sown and watered by the British, power hungry politicians
of the All India Muslim League, a sense of strong, and in some cases legitimate,
discontentment among the Muslims of the subcontinent that was left unaddressed
for many decades and the final nail in the coffin was of course the numerous riots
leading up to Independence and the apathy of post-war Britain which simply
wanted nothing to do with any of this mess that they had helped create and just
wanted to get out

3. Biggest problems of education system

Education is the most essential ingredient for the development of a nation. It is a

global fact that nations who have reached the heights of the development and
prosperity have done it by using education and information as a tool to do it.
Education is simply an investment to achieve both human and economic
development. But unfortunately it is one of the biggest problems in Pakistan. The
education system of Pakistan is rotten to the core. The literacy rate in Pakistan is
recorded as about 55% in 2012-2013.

At present, the education sector is facing crisis just like other major sectors of the
country. Following are the major problems in education system of Pakistan:
The educational system of the country is based on different mediums which divides
the students in two segments. Mostly private schools are English medium while the
Government schools are Urdu medium. Regional differences are also a major cause
for a poor educational system in Pakistan.

Gender discrimination is very common in Pakistan. People are very conservative

and they don’t want their girls to go to school and get education. Due to this, the
ratio of boys and girls in primary schools is 10:4.

In Human Development Report Pakistan is placed at 136th position for having just
49.9% educated population. In addition to that, Pakistan is ranked at 113th out of
120 registered UN members according to the research conducted by UNESCO et al.
Some of the very basic flaws of the education system in Pakistan contribute to the
economic, ethnic and sociopolitical crisis within the country.

Moreover, the quality of education in most of the public schools and colleges is well
below par; the teachers in government schools are not well trained. People who do
not get job in any other sector, they try their luck in educational system. They are
not professionally trained teachers so they are unable to train a nation. Quality of
teaching needs special attention in rural areas where the teachers lack in all
departments.

Poverty is another factor that prohibits the parents to send their children to private
school where the quality of education is high. Poor people get their children admitted
to Government schools. The teachers in Government schools are not professionally
trained. They even don’t take lectures and waste the precious time of the students.

The allocation of funds for education sector by the Government of Pakistan are very
low; only 2% of the total GDP. Government should increase this rate to improve the
quality of educational system.
Education is very important for the development of every country. It is the only cure
for the disability of a country because today’s students are tomorrow’s nation
builder. Government of Pakistan should take steps to remove the above mentioned
problems so as to improve the quality of educational system of the country.
Specified Problems:
Illiteracy is not taken as a serious issue by Government and social strata.

Ideological vendetta with scientific approach.

Choices about their future are made by parents of the students.

Examinations judge quantity rather than quality of learning.

General Problems:
Lack of quality teachers,syllabus.infrastructure,etc.
Lack of creative learning environment.

English as a medium of instruction has failed.

Less job opportunities discourage promotion of education in the country

4. Proposal of British Government:

1. Women and girls

The UK is committed to eliminating all forms of gender inequality and the British
government believes girls and women should be treated equally, be empowered,
and be safe.

We are concerned that more than two-thirds of Peruvian women report having
been subject to physical, sexual or psychological abuse and Lima is rated the most
dangerous city in Latin America for women and fifth in the world.
We are interested in innovative projects that:

a) promote women’s empowerment by eliminating educational and economic

barriers that hold them back and prevent them from reaching leadership and
influence.

For example, projects that promote access to finance or employment opportunities;

initiatives to promote non-traditional career choices or increase women’s
participation in political spheres; projects to reduce teenage pregnancies or
promote re-insertion in school.

b) promote gender equality, challenging and tackling social norms, traditions and
gender stereotypes.

For example interventions in schools to educate children or adolescents and the

educational community about gender equality and healthy relationships; work with
media or through communication campaigns, arts or sports to challenge
stereotypes.

c) keep women and girls safe and reduce gender-based violence.

For example, initiatives related to improving police response to victims, early

interventions and realistic risk assessments; use of technology to disrupt and deter
perpetrators; improved legislation around violence-related crimes.

Scalable community- based projects with a holistic approach (working with men
and women/girls and boys) are desirable.

2. Modern Slavery

Tackling human trafficking and modern slavery is a top priority for the British
Government. Peru recently endorsed the UK call to action to end Forced Labour,
Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking.

We are keen to support the Peruvian Government in its efforts to reduce all forms
of modern slavery and look to support projects related to:
a) The implementation of a new performance and result-based system to deliver
the Peruvian Government’s National Action Plan against Human Trafficking and
reduce the prevalence of modern slavery.

The implementer should have proven experience with setting up performance

based systems in governments.The proposal should include training in innovative
methods for delivering results and improve accountability, the use of key
performance indicators and performance management to secure programme
sustainability. The performance-based system should contribute to a shift in focus
from planning to implementation of policies.

b) The implementation of a pilot project to achieve best evidence in cases of

modern slavery. The project must apply the use of mobile kits to interview victims
or witnesses in different regions of Peru and train officials in its use. Previous
experience in working with governments is desirable.

3. Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights

The UK has been involved in the Voluntary Principles internationally since they
were established in 2000. This year, the UK is Chair of the Voluntary Principles
Working Group.

We are interested in projects to support the implementation of the Voluntary

Principles, building on the existing plenary meetings in Peru to:

a) develop new methodologies for risk assessments to prevent and reduce social
conflict and

b) develop innovative communication channels between local communities and

industry on security for extractive and energy projects
For the following areas we are inviting proposals for activities of up to £10,000
(S/.40,000). Organisations can submit more than one proposal and separate
activities can be linked.

4. Illegal Wildlife Trade

Tackling illegal wildlife trade globally is a priority for the British Foreign
Secretary, Boris Johnson.n On his recent visit to Peru, he saw some of the efforts
being made in Peru to tackle this problem.

We are interested in supporting the implementation of the Peruvian National

Strategy to Reduce Illegal Wildlife Trade in three areas:

a) identifying the supply and demand of wild species in Peruvian regions where the
level of illegal wildlife trade is high and solutions to the problem

b) raising awareness of illegal wildlife trade in Peru using innovative methods

c) strengthening capacity in national institutions responsible for law enforcement

and control of illegal wildlife trade

5. Environment

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Peru is the

third most vulnerable country to climate change. This has and will continue to
affect the Peruvian economy and we aim to support Peruvian government to build
sustainable, clean and inclusive growth with UK expertise.

We are interested in supporting activities that support the implementation of the

National Climate Change Law and developing Peru’s green finance market.

6. Improving the Business Environment

Peru has progressively improved its business environment over the last decade,
however several issues remain. Increasing transparency in government
procurement processes is essential for fighting corruption and fostering sustainable
development.
We are interested in supporting activities that:

a) identify roadblocks and bottlenecks that prevent transparent and efficient

government procurement processes

b) identify best practices in other countries which might be implemented in Peru

c) support the creation of policy, regulatory and legislative frameworks conducive

to more transparent and efficient procurement processes

Informality is another major issue faced by government and citizens and creates a
barrier to tax collection, private investment, and consumer protection.

We are interested in supporting activities that:

a) support the creation of policy, regulatory and legislative frameworks conducive

to processes that encourages formalisation, especially in the mining sector

b) propose measurable and inclusive solutions for fighting illegal mining through
formalisation in a specific region

c) design partnerships with legal mining companies and the Peruvian government
in order to create a sustainable business model for former illegal miners

Companies in Peru face inefficient protection of intellectual property rights.