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Pronunciation

Welcome! Phonemic symbols

Activity A
Look at the phonemic symbols. Some are the same as alphabet letters and some are different. In the
‘different’ section, underline the parts of the words that have the sound of the phonemic symbols.

Same i e p b t d k g f
v s z m n h l r w
Different iː cheap uː who ə teacher ɪə near eɪ late ɜː shirt ɔː walk ʊə tour ɔɪ boy
əʊ coat ɪ chip æ man ʌ but ʊ put aː part ɒ got eə hair aɪ fine
aʊ now tʃ chair ʤ job θ think ð the ʃ shoe ʒ television j yes ŋ sing

Activity B
Find the phonemic script for 10 words in the wordsearch. The words can be horizontal or vertical.

beginning  draw  enough  glasses  jacket  
movie  online  question  surprised  without

n dʒ æ k ɪ t ð d t v

uː θ ʌ s ə p r aɪ z d

n p ɒ s θ ɒ l n r r

ə b ɪ g ɪ n ɪ ŋ i ɔː

r ɜː k d g l ɑː s ɪ z

w tʃ m ɑː eə aɪ r ɔː θ i

ɪ k uː c ə n b t p w

ð ʒ v ɔː ɒ ɪ n ʌ f eə

aʊ r i l iː ŋ tʃ k aʊ h

t k w e s tʃ ə n v i

Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015  PHOTOCOPIABLE  231
1A Pronunciation
Sound and spelling: /ɪ/ and /iː/


situation express feelings money

public interview receive employee

family opinions experience speak

give communicate keep weekend

listen interview babies reading

different independent area routine

confident talking colleagues audience

232  Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015  PHOTOCOPIABLE
1B Pronunciation
Sentence stress: gradable and extreme adjectives

Are you happy living where you are now?


1 What do you think about the typical
food where you’re living?
a It’s really delicious.
b It’s absolutely disgusting.
c It’s OK.
2 What’s the weather like?
a It’s absolutely gorgeous.
b It’s horrible – it’s either freezing cold
or boiling hot.
c So-so.
3 What do you think of the people?
a They’re fantastic – really lovely.
b Awful. Everyone’s miserable and rude!
c It depends. Some people are nice –
some aren’t.
4 Are there lots of things to do here in
your free time?
a Yes. There’s an enormous amount of
things to do and see.
b No. There’s only a tiny number of things to
do and see.
5 Would you like to live here for a long
time?
c I think there are enough things to do.
a Yes, I’d be delighted to live here forever.
b No! That’s a terrible idea!
c Maybe. But I have no plans to move.
6 Are there enough green spaces?
a Yes. There are lots of fantastic parks and
gardens.
b No. And the streets are absolutely filthy.
c There are some parks, but I’d like more.
7 Is it a good place for families with
young children?
a Yes, it’s a brilliant place for kids.
b No, it’s absolutely awful!
c I think it’s OK.
8 What’s the public transport like?
a Wonderful. It’s so easy to travel around.
b It’s really bad. It’s impossible to travel
around easily. It makes me furious!
c It’s not bad.

Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015 PHOTOCOPIABLE 233
2B Pronunciation
Sentence stress: main verb / auxiliary verb

Student A
Situations
1 I can’t check my emails. (You’ve forgotten your password.)
2 My friend is half an hour late. (She’s been sitting in a traffic jam.)
3 The garage haven’t repaired my car. (They haven’t found the problem yet.)
4 My friend hasn’t answered any of my emails. (She hasn’t been connected to the internet.)
5 The books I ordered haven’t come. (The post office has lost them.)
6 My best friend can’t come to my party. (He hasn’t been feeling too well.)
7 My wife / husband looks furious. (She’s / He’s just seen your credit card bill.)
8 My tablet is broken! (Someone has dropped it.)
Reasons
He’s just downloaded a new app.
You haven’t been browsing the internet all day.
You’ve been working too hard.
You haven’t been using it.
They’ve been standing there for ages.
She’s just had some bad news.
You’ve been saving up money.
You’ve probably downloaded a virus.


Student B
Situations
1 My computer isn’t working. (You’ve probably downloaded a virus.)
2 I feel really tired. (You’ve been working too hard.)
3 There’s somebody at the door. (They’ve been standing there for ages.)
4 My friend is about to cry. (She’s just had some bad news.)
5 I’ve been working hard today. (You haven’t been browsing the internet all day.)
6 I’ll delete this app. (You haven’t been using it.)
7 My friend can now make very cheap phone calls. (He’s just downloaded a new app.)
8 I haven’t bought a new laptop yet. (You’ve been saving up money.)
Reasons
He hasn’t been feeling too well.
She’s / He’s just seen your credit card bill.
You’ve forgotten your password.
They haven’t found the problem yet.
She’s been sitting in a traffic jam.
The post office has lost them.
She hasn’t been connected to the internet.
Someone has dropped it.

234  Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015  PHOTOCOPIABLE
2C Pronunciation
Sentence stress

Group cards

1 Sam came second in 2 I’ve got two sisters. 3 Let’s meet outside the

the maths test. cinema at seven.

4 There was some 5 Do you know Mike? 6 


Jane goes swimming
cheese in the fridge. every day.

7 My watch is broken 8 There is an annoying 9 A


 lex is flying to
again. colleague at work. Madrid tomorrow.

10 John’s computer is 11 I was really happy 12 I can’t find my phone!


broken again. with the service.

Student cards

Student A Student B Student C



1 Not Tim. 1 He almost came 1 Not the English test.
2 Not Mark. top. 2 Alice and Emily.
3 Near the entrance. 2 Not three. 3 Don’t be late.
4 English Cheddar. 3 The big multi- 4 But it’s not there now.
screen.
5 Most people do. 5 He would never do that.
4 At the bottom.
6 It’s a great way to 6 It’s too often.
keep fit. 5 The tall guy in
7 Not Jane’s.
glasses.
7 I dropped it. 8 He makes me angry.
6 Have you met
8 Not at school. 9 He’s our manager.
her?
9 He lives there. 10 Not his phone.
7 It’s the second
10 Not mine. time. 11 But Kate wasn’t.
11 But the food wasn’t 8 My boss is fine. 12 But I know where Paula’s
great. phone is.
9 Not today.
12 I’ve been looking all
10 It’s the third time.
morning!
11 It was wonderful.
12 But I can find my
keys.

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3A Pronunciation
Linking sounds

Student A
Three men went on a sea journey.
and they swam to a desert island.

and they stayed there for months


. One afternoon, the three men
.
They opened it . The
genie said, ‘Thank you for getting me out of the bottle.
.’
The first man thought and said, ‘
and I want to go home.’
. The second man said, ‘
so take me home.’
. The third man looked around and
said, ‘
. …’

What do you think the last line of the story is?

Student B
a Read this story and underline the words which you think will be
linked together (consonant sound + vowel sound).

b Work with Student A. Take turns to read your parts of the


story and complete the gaps.

. Their boat sank in a storm


. They didn’t find anyone else
with no chance of getting
away. and found a bottle.
and out came a genie.
,‘ .
You have three wishes, one each.’ ,
‘I miss my family .’ The man
immediately disappeared. , ‘I want
to have some delicious food again .’
The man immediately disappeared. ,
‘I feel lonely here without my two friends. … ’

What do you think the last line of the story is?

236 Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015 PHOTOCOPIABLE
3C Pronunciation
Stress in word groups

A B C
1 Two weeks ago 1 somewhere far away 1 a friend of a friend
2 Last Friday night 2 not far from here 2 my uncle
3 Yesterday afternoon 3 quite near here 3 young woman
4 Not long ago 4 just down the road 4 my neighbour
5 Last night 5 in a small town in the 5 man
6 Last month mountains 6 a famous person
6 in this city

D E F
1 was walking in the city 1 and met the president 1 in the shops
centre 2 and saw strange lights 2 in the sky
2 was going home 3 and walked up to a super 3 in the street
3 went to a fashion model 4 in the garden
show 4 and was surprised to see 5 on a path
4 was working in the a famous person
kitchen 6 on a bus
5 and saw Dracula
5 was walking in the forest 6 and shook hands with my
6 sat down friend

G H I
1 and said 1 ‘Hello!’ 1 And after that ...
2 and thought 2 ‘What shall I do?’ 2 But then ...
3 and shouted 3 ‘What a surprise!’ 3 The next thing that
4 and said 4 ‘I can’t believe it!’ happened was ...

5 and started to scream 5 ‘Help!’ 4 Unfortunately, ...

6 and said 6 ‘It’s nice to meet you.’ 5 Suddenly, ...


6 Then ...

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4A Pronunciation
Stress in modal verbs

5 7
There were
some things I
I was able to 8
swim when I
4 couldn’t do very
was younger.
I could speak
English three
well at school.
I could do lots years ago.
of things really
3 well when I was 6
One day, we will at school. I managed to
be able to travel finish all my
9 10
in time. homework last I can name all I managed to
week. the planets. get to class on
time today.
2
1 I can play
I managed to a musical 12
get up early this instrument.
morning.
People will be 11
able to live to
I can drive.
150 one day.

13
I could sleep 14
better when I I can keep calm
START was younger. in stressful
situations.

16
I managed to 15
do everything Computers are
I wanted last able to replace
weekend. teachers.

17
People could do 18
lots of things for I can go a whole
entertainment day without
100 years ago. eating.

19
20 I was able to go
We will manage on holiday last
to save our summer.
planet.

FINISH

238 Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015 PHOTOCOPIABLE
4B Pronunciation
Sound and spelling: final -ed in adjectives

Student A

1
S A T I S F I E D
2

4
A M U S E D
5
A M A Z E D
6

8
E X H A U S T E D
9

10
D E L I G H T E D
11
C O N F U S E D
12

13

14
F A S C I N A T E D
15
C R O W D E D
16

Student B

1

2
D E P R E S S E D
3
R E L A X E D
4

6
D I S A P P O I N T E D
7
E M B A R R A S S E D
8

9
S H O C K E D
10

11

12
E X C I T E D
13
I N T E R E S T E D
14

15

16
T E R R I F I E D

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5A Pronunciation
Sound and spelling: a

Student A

1 plant 2 aunt 3 understand 4 ability

5 climate 6 agreement 7 sharp 8 afternoon

9 change 10 lazy 11 black 12 statue

Student B

1 paper 2 endangered 3 satisfied 4 creative

5 late 6 answer 7 father 8 crazy

9 conservation 10 laugh 11 happiness 12 usually

Student C

1 glass 2 waiter 3 certain 4 able

5 asleep 6 sofa 7 tasty 8 situation

9 blanket 10 bathroom 11 woman 12 antique

240  Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015  PHOTOCOPIABLE
5B Pronunciation
Consonant clusters

branch square mathematics chemists thunderstorm

gymnastics background toothbrush hundred entrance

celebrity question adapt seventh experiment

comfortable stomach text destruction possibly

moustache scales snake umbrella spreading

receptionist underground splash temperature grandfather

against customer ambulance mushroom goldfish

secretary scream threatened snowboard spider

practice tourist thirsty instructions downstairs

Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015 PHOTOCOPIABLE 241
6A Pronunciation
Word stress: compound nouns


machine swimming pool news

paper wind surfing air

conditioning traffic jam pedestrian

crossing rush hour cycle

lane bus stop business

person digital camera motor

way book shop hand

writing film maker black

bird board game mobile

phone class room lunch

time train station hand

bag cash machine car

park shopping centre washing

242  Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015  PHOTOCOPIABLE
6B Pronunciation
Sound and spelling: /ʃ/ and /ʧ/


fashion chocolate furniture shoe

machine chop shop match

wash catch cheap mushroom

mash adventure future which

fresh sugar sheep question

luxury rich kitchen shout

watch push crunchy finish

dish choose chef shock

change station delicious Chinese

Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015  PHOTOCOPIABLE  243
7A Pronunciation
Modal verbs: sounding the final t or d

Student A
Say these sentences to your partner and listen to their response.
1 I’d like to buy a sports car.
2 Helen hasn’t got here yet.
3 The washing machine is broken.
4 Jack has a new job.
5 I want to move to a different country.
6 Why is that man running down the road?

Now listen to your partner’s sentences and choose the best response for each one.
1 She must want some milk / can’t be happy / might only want to be picked up.
2 It could be John / might wake the baby up / could just be your imagination.
3 He must like her / might feel guilty about something / could think she's ill.
4 It can’t be a virus / must be too old / might be broken.
5 That could take you ages / might earn you a lot of money / can’t be easy.
6 She must feel really tired / might be ill / can’t be so tired.


Student B
Your partner will say eight sentences. Choose the best response for each one.
1 A car like that must cost a lot / could be dangerous / might use a lot of petrol.
2 She might arrive later / must be late / could have some kind of problem.
3 It can’t take long to repair / might be broken / could need some new parts.
4 He must earn a lot of money / might regret it / could be promoted.
5 You can’t be serious / must have a good reason to go / could be making a big mistake.
6 He must be in trouble / could enjoy it / might be a thief.

Now say these sentences to your partner and listen to their response.
1 The baby is crying.
2 Someone is knocking at the door.
3 Dan bought Jane some flowers.
4 My computer isn’t working.
5 I’m writing a book.
6 Kate is still sleeping.

244  Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015  PHOTOCOPIABLE
7C Pronunciation
Sounding polite

Hello, do you Could you tell me


speak English? where the nearest Sorry, can you
metro station is? repeat that,
please?

Yes, I do. Can How can I get to the


I help you? metro station? No problem.
Well, let me
Have you been
take you there.
here long?
It’s not far.

That would be great!


Well ... do
Are you sure you
you like the
don’t mind?
theatre?

I’ve just arrived. What


can you recommend to No, not really.
see here? What about
folk dancing?

Yes, in the
That sounds park tonight.
interesting. Is there a
concert on today?

How can I get there?


Just ask at the tourist
office. There’s one at
the metro station. Here
Where can I get
we are!
tickets?

Great! Thank you


so much!
OK, I know
where it is.
Thanks. Do you
know where the
museum is?
Yes, I think so.

Do you mean No problem!


the History Have a nice
Museum? visit!

Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015 PHOTOCOPIABLE 245
8A Pronunciation
Sound and spelling: /g/ and /k/

Activity A
Move through the maze from square one to finish using words with the /k/ sound only. You can only move
one square at a time, horizontally, vertically or diagonally.

SQUARE ONE clue packet back ghost

current exist stomach guess degree

anger comments green girlfriend blogger

organise class frog ankle glass

clean glue good chicken dogs

clue dug quiet again queen

monkey circus bigger ignore ache

colour cost gold duck goat

hockey gossip grass called exhausted

bag cold angle pick FINISH

Activity B
Now make your own maze using words from A. This time, make a maze where your partner can only move
using words with the /g/ sound.

246  Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015  PHOTOCOPIABLE
8B Pronunciation
Sound and spelling: /s/ and /z/

Activity A
Look at the pairs of words below. Each pair of words has a /s/ sound (e.g. advice) and a /z/ sound (e.g.
advise). Underline the words with a /s/ sound.
peace – peas
easy – essay
loose – lose
plays – place
false – falls
pens – pence
ice – eyes

Activity B
Work on your own. Add the words with /s/ sounds to the left column of each grid. Add the words with /z/
sounds to the bottom row. The words must be in the same order in each grid.

Activity C
Play battleships. Your teacher will give you your instructions.

You

advice
/s/

/z/➔ advise

Your partner

advice
/s/

/z/➔ advise

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9A Pronunciation
Auxiliary verbs in passive sentences

Student A
Look at the picture of a teenager's bedroom in the morning. Your partner has a picture of the same
bedroom later in the evening. Compare your pictures and find eight differences. Discuss the differences using
the passive, e.g. The window was / has been closed.


Student B
Look at the picture of a teenager's bedroom in the evening. Your partner has a picture of the same
bedroom earlier in the morning. Compare your pictures and find eight differences. Discuss the differences
using the passive, e.g. The window was / has been closed.

248 Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015 PHOTOCOPIABLE
9B Pronunciation
Relative clauses: pausing

Name

Seat number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Destination

Occupation

Alibi

Other
information

The woman who was single was walking down the corridor.

Arthur, who fell in love with Lucy on the journey, says he can’t remember what he was doing.

John, who is a lawyer, was in seat number 1.


David was the person in seat number 4.

The person who was in seat number 4 is a doctor.


Lucy is the only passenger who doesn’t have a job.

The person who was going to Hungary was asleep in their seat.
Seat number 6, which was the last seat, was Arthur’s.

In Lucy’s case there was some jewellery which was expensive.


Maria was going to Frankfurt, which is in Germany.

The Stokers, who are married, were going to the same place.
Lucy, who has an unusual surname, was in seat 5.

Arthur, who is an artist, was going to the same place as Lewis James.
Maria, who is John's wife, was in the seat next to her husband.

John's wife, who was next to him the whole journey, is a teacher.
The person that was in seat 5 was travelling to Vienna.

The lawyer was in the restaurant, which was in a different part of the train.
The person who was sleeping was next to the window.

The doctor was visiting friends he knew in Budapest.


John, who is a very jealous man, saw his wife talking to Lewis James.

Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015  PHOTOCOPIABLE  249
10A Pronunciation
Sentence stress: would

Student A

1 Choose three questions to dictate to your partner.


2 Write down the questions your partner dictates to you.
3 Ask and answer the questions.
4 Together, choose the questions to ask other students.

Which new sports would you like to try?


Would you be able to run a long distance?
If you wanted to become fitter, what would you do?
If you could be very good at one sport, what would it be?
Do you think everyone would be happier if they had to exercise more often?


Student B

1 Choose three questions to dictate to your partner.


2 Write down the questions your partner dictates to you.
3 Ask and answer the questions.
4 Together, choose the questions to ask other students.

If someone gave you free membership to a gym, would you be happy?


Would you like to raise money for charity?
Would you be upset if your country didn’t do well in the Olympics?
Which famous sportsperson would you most like to meet?
What sports wouldn’t you like to try?

250 Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book © Cambridge University Press 2015 PHOTOCOPIABLE
10B Pronunciation
Sentence stress: would and have

Situation cards

If Tom had found out, he would have been delighted.



Tom would have been furious if he had found out.

If I hadn’t lost my job, I wouldn’t have started my own business.


I wouldn’t have been unemployed if I hadn’t lost my job.

If she had bought the hat, she would have regretted it.
She would have impressed all her friends if she had bought the hat.

If it had rained, the party would have been a disaster.


The plants would have grown better if it had rained.

If I hadn’t gone on holiday, I wouldn’t have met my wife.


I wouldn’t have broken my leg if I hadn’t gone on holiday.

If I had studied harder, I would have got a place at university.


I would have exhausted myself if I had studied harder.

If they had built the shopping centre, house prices would have fallen.
It would have been so convenient if they had built the shopping centre.

If Dad hadn’t retired, he wouldn’t have found a new hobby.


Dad would have got very bored at home if he had retired.

If Jill hadn’t rung, I would have forgotten about Brian’s birthday.


I would have met some friends in the café if Jill hadn’t rung.

If we had booked earlier, we would have got a discount.


We would have had to cancel everything if we had booked earlier.

If the train had been late, I would have missed the plane.
I would have had time for a coffee if the train had been late.

If it had been cold, I wouldn’t have jumped in.


It would have tasted better if it had been cold.

Outcome cards

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Cambridge English Empower B1+ Teacher’s Book
Acknowledgements
The publishers would like to thank the following illustrators:
Mark Bird, Sean (KJA), Paul Williams
Corpus
Development of this publication has made use of the Cambridge English Corpus (CEC). The CEC is a computer database of contemporary spoken and
written English, which currently stands at over one billion words. It includes British English, American English and other varieties of English. It also includes
the Cambridge Learner Corpus, developed in collaboration with the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations. Cambridge University Press has built up
the CEC to provide evidence about language use that helps us to produce better language teaching materials.
English Profile
This product is informed by English Vocabulary Profile, built as part of English Profile, a collaborative programme designed to enhance the learning,
teaching and assessment of English worldwide. Its main funding partners are Cambridge University Press and Cambridge English Language Assessment
and its aim is to create a ‘profile’ for English linked to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). English Profile outcomes,
such as the English Vocabulary Profile, will provide detailed information about the language that learners can be expected to demonstrate at each CEFR
level, offering a clear benchmark for learners’ proficiency. For more information, please visit www.englishprofile.org.
CALD
The Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is the world’s most widely used dictionary for learners of English. Including all the words and phrases
that learners are likely to come across, it also has easy-to-understand definitions and example sentences to show how the word is used in context. The
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is available online at dictionary.cambridge.org. © Cambridge University Press, Fourth Edition, 2013 reproduced
with permission.
Photo acknowledgements
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has
been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to
our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting.
The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going
to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will
remain appropriate.
The publishers are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright photographs and material:
Key: UO = Unit Overview, L = left, C = centre, R = right, T = top, B = bottom
UO p9(TL): Corbis/Michael Freeman; UO p9 Lesson 7A(L)(a): Shutterstock/Natali Glado; UO p9 Lesson 7A(L)(b): Superstock/View Pictures Ltd; UO p9
Lesson 7A(L)(c): Alamy/Peter Donaldson; UO p9 Lesson 7A(L)(d): Alamy/CulturalEyes-N; UO p9 Lesson 7A(C)(T): Shutterstock/Breadmaker; UO p9
Lesson 7A(C)(BL): Alamy/Greg Balfour Evans; UO p9 Lesson 7A(C)(BR); Superstock/View Pictures Ltd; UO p9 Lesson 7A R(Scottish cottage): Alamy/les
polders; UO p9 Lesson 7A R(a): Alamy/ Images&Stories; UO p9 Lesson 7A R(b): Alamy/Jon Arnold Images Ltd; UO p9 Lesson 7A R(c): Alamy/David J.
Green; UO p9 Lesson 7A R(d): Alamy/Adam Burton; UO p9 Lesson 7 R(e): Alamy/Clive Sawyer; UO p9 Lesson 7A R(f): Alamy/Doug Houghton; UO p9
Lesson 7B(L)(T): Nicholas Sodling; UO p9 7B(L)(B): Alamy/David Lyon; UO p9 Lesson 7B R(B): Corbis/Atlantide Phototravel; UO p9 Lesson 7B R(Liam):
Masterfile; UO p9 Lesson 7B R(Jen): Masterfile/Beth Dixson; UO p9 Lesson 7B R(Kira): Masterfile; UO p9 Lesson 7C: Rob Maidment and Sharp Focus
Productions for Cambridge University Press; UO p9 Lesson 7D(TR): Shutterstock/Richard Goldberg; UO p9 Lesson 7D(CR): Alamy/North Wind Picture
Archives; UO p9 Lesson 7D(rocket): Science Photo Library/ National Reconnaissance Office; Lessons A&B p10(a): Shutterstock/Natali Glado; Lessons
A&B p10(b): Superstock/View Pictures Ltd; Lessons A&B p10(c): Alamy/Peter Donaldson; Lessons A&B p10(d): Alamy/CulturalEyes-N; Lessons A&B
p11(TL): Shutterstock/Breadmaker; Lessons A&B p11(BL): Alamy/Greg Balfour Evans; Lessons A&B p11(CL): Superstock/View Pictures Ltd; Lessons
A&B p11(Scottish cottage): Alamy/les polders; Lessons A&B p11 R(a): Alamy/Images&Stories; Lessons A&B p11 R(b): Alamy/Jon Arnold Images Ltd;
Lessons A&B p11 R(c): Alamy/David J. Green; Lessons A&B p11 R(d): Alamy/Adam Burton; Lessons A&B p11 R(e): Alamy/Clive Sawyer; Lessons
A&B p11 R(f): Alamy/Doug Houghton; Lesson 7C pp12/13: Rob Maidment and Sharp Focus Productions for Cambridge University Press; Lesson D
p14(TR): Shutterstock/Richard Goldberg; Lesson D p14(CR): Alamy/North Wind Picture Archives; Lesson D p14(rocket): Science Photo Library/National
Reconnaissance Office; Lesson D p15: Shutterstock/Richard Cavalleri.

Front cover photograph by Alamy/imageBROKER.

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