A

SEMINAR REPORT
On

“FLY ROCK”
Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the Requirement
for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering
(Mining Engineering)

By

Rakesh Kumar Saini

(16MIN39036)

Under the Supervision of

Prof. S.K. Parihar

DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING

M.B.M ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
JAI NARAYAN VYAS UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR, 342001

April, 2019

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my deep regards and sincere gratitude for the
valuable expert guidance rendered to me by my guide Prof. S.K. Parihar, Mining
Engineering Department, M.B.M Engineering College, J.N.V University, Jodhpur.

His guidance by going through manuscript critically and holding informal discussion
is grateful. I consider myself fortunate to have had opportunity to work under him and
enrich myself from his vast knowledge, and analysis power. He shall always be a
constant source of inspiration for me. Last but not the least; I would like to thank all
those who helped me in completing the work.

Rakesh Kumar Saini

B.E Final Year
E No. – 15R/0067351
Roll no. – 16MIN39036

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 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in the seminar report
entitled ,”FLY ROCK”, being submitted for the partial fulfilment of the
requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mining Engineering of
Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur is an authentic record of my own work carried
out.

The matter embodied in this project has not been submitted by me for the award
of any other degree.

Date:
Place: Jodhpur Rakesh Kumar Saini
B.E Final Year
E No. : 15R/0067351
Roll no. : 16MIN39036

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 CERIFICATE

This is to certify that the Seminar entitled, “FLY ROCK”, is being submitted
by Mr. RAKESH KUMAR SAINI for the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
award degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mining Engineering is a record of his
own work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance at the
Department of Mining Engineering, M.B.M. Engineering College, Jai Narayan Vyas
University, Jodhpur.

Guided by:

Prof. S.K. Parihar

Date:

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 ABSTRACT
Flyrock is an adverse effect produced by blasting in open-pit mines and tunneling projects. So, it
seems that the precise estimations and risk level assessment of flyrock are essential in minimizing
environmental effects induced by blasting. The first aim of this research is to model the risk level
associated with flyrock through rock engineering systems (RES) methodology. In this regard, 62
blasting were investigated in Ulu Tiram quarry, Malaysia, and the most effective parameters of
flyrock were measured. Using the most influential parameters on flyrock, the overall risk of flyrock
was obtained as 32.95 which is considered as low to medium degree of vulnerability. Moreover,
the second aim of this research is to estimate fly rock based on RES and multiple linear regression
(MLR). To evaluate performance prediction of the models, some statistical criteria such as
coefficient of determination (R2) were computed. Comparing the values predicted by the models
demonstrated that the RES has more suitable performance than MLR for predicting the flyrock
and it could be introduced as a powerful technique in this field. Flyrock produced by blasting in
open-pit mines and tunnelling projects. So, it seems that the precise estimation of flyrock is
essential in minimizing environmental effects induced by blasting. In this study, an attempt has
been made to evaluate/predict flyrock induced by blasting through applying three hybrid intelligent
systems, namely imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA)–artificial neural network (ANN), genetic
algorithm (GA)–ANN and particle swarm optimization (PSO)–ANN. In fact, ICA, PSO and GA
were used to adjust weights and biases of ANN model. To achieve the aim of this study, a database
composed of 262 datasets with six model inputs including burden to spacing ratio, blast-hole
diameter, powder factor, stemming length, the maximum charge per delay, and blast-hole depth
and one output (flyrock distance) was established. Several parametric investigations were
conducted to determine the most effective factors of GA, ICA and PSO algorithms. Then, at the
end of modelling process of each hybrid model, eight models were constructed and their results
were checked considering two performance indices, i.e., root mean square error (RMSE) and
coefficient of determination (R2). The obtained results showed that although all predictive models
are able to approximate flyrock, PSO–ANN predictive model can perform better compared to
others.

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 CONTENTS Page No.

Acknowledgement ii

Declaration iii

Certificate iv

Abstract v

Contents vi-vii

List of Tables viii

List of Figures ix

Chapter 1 : Introduction 1-2

Chapter 2 : Fly Rocks Detection And Mitigation At Construction 3-10

Site In Blasting Operation

2.1 Calculation for Normal Fly Rock Zone 3

2.2 Calculation of Risk 3-7

2.3 Fly rock Accident Occurred at a Construction Site 7-10

Chapter 3 : Prediction Of Blast-Induced Flyrock In Indian 11-14

Limestone Mines Using Neural Networks

3.1 : Materials and methods 11-14

Chapter 4 : Three Hybrid Intelligent Models In Estimating 15-18

Flyrock Distance Resulting From Blasting

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 4.1 : Flyrock empirical methods 15

4.2 : Intelligent techniques 15-18

Chapter 5 : A Risk-Based Technique To Analyze Flyrock Results 19-25

Through Rock Engineering System

5.1 : Field Investigation 19

5.2 : Rock Engineering Systems (RES) 19-20

5.3 : Applications of RES for Risk Analysis and Estimation 20-25

of Flyrock

5.4 : Sensitivity Analysis 25

Chapter 6 : Measures In Prevention Of Flying Rocks 26-28

Chapter 7 : Conclusion 29

References 30

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 List of Tables

Table No. TITLE PAGE NO.

Table No. 3.1 Symbols used for blast design and geotechnical 14
data.

Table No. 5.1 The description of ESQ coding values 21

Table No. 5.2 Range for VI classification 22

Table No. 5.3 Effective parameters on flyrock distance and their 23

ranges used in this study

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 List of Figures

Figure No. TITLE PAGE NO.

Figure No.1.1 Three mechanisms for flyrock 1

generation

Figure No.2.1 Typical blasting hole in surface 5

mining

Figure No.2.2 The boulder which was blasted 8

Figure No.2.3 Photograph showing the place after 9

boulder blasting

Figure No.2.4 Distance covered by the flyrock 9

Figure No.2.5 Effect of flyrock to the structures 10

Figure No.3.1 Photographs of bench face before 12

and after blasting operation

Figure No. 4.1 GA Algorithm 17

Figure No.4.2 PSO algorithm 18

Figure No.5.1 The IM with two parameters 21

Figure No.5.2 A view of the coding of the IM 22

Figure No.5.3 Effect–Cause diagram for the 24

effective parameters of flyrock

Figure No.6.1 The diagram of security defense 27

Figure No.6.2 A photo of security defense 28

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