ASSIGNMENT 6

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
➢ Aurdino
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino
boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn
it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell
your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so
you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE),
based on Processing. Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from
everyday objects to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers - students,
hobbyists, artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this open-source platform,
their contributions have added up to an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of
great help to novices and experts alike.
 ➢ Sensor Network
A sensor network can be of great use to enterprises. These networks consist of small, autonomous
devices located over a wide area that can sense and report several parameters about their
surroundings, such as humidity, temperature, and vibrations. They can be used in various
environments, such as agricultural, industrial and medical, to name a few. The devices are generally
battery powered, but increasingly they can rely on renewable energy like solar power, and in some
cases, they’re powered by ambient radio waves.
A.PIR Sensor
The PIR sensor itself has two slots in it, each slot is made of a special material that is sensitive to IR.
The lens used here is not really doing much and so we see that the two slots can 'see' out past some
distance (basically the sensitivity of the sensor). When the sensor is idle, both slots detect the same
amount of IR, the ambient amount radiated from the room or walls or outdoors. When a warm body
like a human or animal passes by, it first intercepts one half of the PIR sensor, which causes a positive
differential change between the two halves. When the warm body leaves the sensing area, the reverse
happens, whereby the sensor generates a negative differential change. These change pulses are what is
detected.

B. LDR Sensor

An LDR is a component that has a (variable) resistance that changes with the light intensity that falls
upon it. This allows them to be used in light sensing circuits.
Variation in resistance with changing light intensity

The most common type of LDR has a resistance that falls with an increase in the light intensity falling
upon the device (as shown in the image above). The resistance of an LDR may typically have the
following resistances:
Daylight= 5000Ω
Dark= 20000000Ω

C. LMDZ 35
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature devices with an output voltage
linearlyproportional to the Centigrade temperature. The LM35 device has an advantage over linear
temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant
voltage from the output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling.
 ➢ Programming Environment
XAMPP is a free and open-source cross-platform web server solution stack package developed by
Apache Friends, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MariaDB database, and interpreters
for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. Since most actual web server
deployments use the same components as XAMPP, it makes transitioning from a local test server to a
live server possible.

XAMPP’s ease of deployment means a WAMP or LAMP stack can be installed quickly and simply
on an operating system by a developer. With the advantage a number of common add-in applications
such as Wordpress and Joomla! can also be installed with similar ease using Bitnami.

➢ Client Side Technology

Client-side means that the action takes place on the user’s (the client’s) computer. Server-side
meansthat the action takes place on a web server. ... For this reason, most things that can be
accomplished using JavaScript can be done without needing access to a web server. Typically, a client
is a computer application, such as a web browser, that runs on a user’s local computer, smartphone, or
other device, and connects to a server as necessary.
Operations may be performed client-side because they require access to information or functionality
that is available on the client but not on the server, because the user needs to observe the operations or
provide input, or because the server lacks the processing power to perform the operations in a timely
manner for all of the clients it serves.
Additionally, if operations can be performed by the client, without sending data over the network,
they may take less time, use less bandwidth, and incur a lesser security risk. When the server serves
data in a commonly used manner, for example according to standard protocols such as HTTP or FTP,
users may have their choice of a number of client programs (e.g. most modern web browsers can
request and receive data using both HTTP and FTP).
In the case of more specialized applications, programmers may write their own server, client, and
communications protocol which can only be used with one another. Programs that run on a user’s
local computer without ever sending or receiving data over a network are not considered clients, and
so the operations of such programs would not be termed client-side operations.

➢ Server Side Technology

Server-side scripting is a technique used in web development which involves employing scripts on a
web server which produce a response customized for each user’s (client’s) request to the website. The
alternative is for the web server itself to deliver a static web page. Scripts can be written in any of a
number of server-side scripting languages that are available (see below). Serverside scripting is
distinguished from client-side scripting where embedded scripts, such as JavaScript, are run client-
side in a web browser, but both techniques are often used together. Server-side scripting is often used
to interface for the user. These scripts may assemble client characteristics for use in customizing the
response based on those characteristics, the user’s requirements, access rights, etc. Server-side
scripting also enables the website owner to hide the source code that generates the interface, whereas
with client-side scripting, the user has access to all the code received by the client. A down-side to the
use of server-side scripting is that the client needs to make further requests over the network to the
server in order to show new information to the user via the web browser. These requests can slow
down the experience for the user, place more load on the server, and prevent use of the application
when the user is disconnected from the server.

➢ PLX-DAQ
PLX-DAQ Features: PLX-DAQ is a Parallax microcontroller data acquisition add-on tool for
Microsoft Excel. Any of our microcontrollers connected to any sensor and the serial port of a PC can
now send data directly into Excel. PLXDAQ has the following features: • Plot or graph data as it
arrives in realtime using Microsoft Excel • Record up to 26 columns of data • Mark data with real-
time (hh:mm:ss) or seconds since reset • Read/Write any cell on a worksheet • Read/Set any of 4
checkboxes on control the interface • Example code for the BS2, SX (SX/B) and Propeller available •
Baud rates up to 128K • Supports Com1-15 System Requirements • Microsoft Windows 98 •
Microsoft Office/Excel 2000 to 2003

➢ Aurdino IDE
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application (for
Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming language Java. It is used to write and
upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help of 3rd party cores, other
vendor development boards.[2] The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General
Public License, version 2.[3] The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules
of code structuring.[4] The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiringproject, which
provides many common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic
functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a
program stub main() into an executablecyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain, also
included with the IDE distribution.[5] The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the
executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a
loader program in the board’s firmware.