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Postolache Ionut English
Postolache Ionut English
Lecture III
II. Use the terms below to fill the blanks in the following text; translate the text into
Romanian:
The Treaty of Lisbon was signed by the heads of State or government of the 27 Member
States, on 13 December 2007. The most important reforms proposed by the defunct
Constitution are taken over by the Treaty of Lisbon. First of all, the European Union absorbed
the European Community, which ceased to exist as of the coming into force of the new treaty,
the 1st December 2009. Henceforth we speak only of the European Union but we necessarily
refer to the European Community concerning all legislation enacted on its basis. The European
Union now has a single legal personality under which it can negotiate, sign and implement all
its external commitments, policies and activities, including trade, aid to development,
representation in third countries and in international organisations and foreign and security
policy. Under the new Treaty, the European Union becomes more democratic. The powers of
the European Parliament are increased considerably. The ''codecision procedure'' of the
Parliament and the Council is renamed ordinary legislative procedure and is extended to
several new fields, including justice and home affairs, some aspects of the common trade and
agricultural policies, as well as the EU budget. Thus, the Parliament now has the functions of a
lower chamber , representing the citizens of the Union, while the Council plays the role of a
Senate representing the governments of the Member States. The Parliament and the Council
have equal powers concerning the whole budget, which is called ''Union budget''. The
Parliament's assent is required for all international agreements in fields governed by the ordinary
legislative procedure. The Treaty of Lisbon contains many other elements aiming at the further
democratisation of the functioning of the Union. It defines, for the first time, the democratic
foundations of the Union, which are based on three principles: those of democratic equality,
representative democracy and participatory democracy. It gives the national parliaments
greater scope to participate alongside the European institutions in the work of the Union, clearly
setting out their rights to information, to mechanisms for evaluating policy in the field
of freedom, security and justice, to procedures for reforming the treaties and, most importantly,
to monitor that the Union only acts where its action is more effective than an action undertaken
at the national level. It invites citizens to participate in the policies of the Union thanks to
the citizens' initiative whereby one million citizens, from a number of member countries, are
able to ask the Commission to present a proposal in any of the EU's areas of responsibility. It
emphasises the voluntary nature of the integration process, by explicitly recognising the
possibility for a Member State to withdraw from the Union.
Traducere:
Tratatul de la Lisabona a fost semnat de șefii de stat sau de guvern ai celor 27 de state membre,
la 13 decembrie 2007. Cele mai importante reforme propuse de Constituția defunctă sunt
preluate de Tratatul de la Lisabona. În primul rând, Uniunea Europeană a absorbit Comunitatea
Europeană, care a încetat să mai existe de la intrarea în vigoare a noului tratat, 1 decembrie 2009.
De acum înainte vorbim despre Uniunea Europeană, dar ne referim neapărat la Comunitatea
Europeană in privire la toate legile adoptate în baza sa. Uniunea Europeană are acum o singură
personalitate juridică sub care poate negocia, semna și implementa toate angajamentele, politicile
și activitățile sale externe, inclusiv comerțul, ajutorul pentru dezvoltare, reprezentarea în țările
terțe și în organizațiile internaționale și politica externă și de securitate. În temeiul noului Tratat,
Uniunea Europeană devine mai democratică. Competențele Parlamentului European sunt sporite
considerabil. "Procedura de codecizie" a Parlamentului și a Consiliului este redenumită
procedură legislativă ordinară și este extinsă la mai multe domenii noi, cum ar fi justiția și
afacerile interne, unele aspecte ale politicii comerciale și agricole comune, precum și bugetul
UE. Astfel, Parlamentul are acum funcțiile unei camere inferioare, reprezentând cetățenii
Uniunii, în timp ce Consiliul joacă rolul unui Senat care reprezintă guvernele statelor membre.
Parlamentul și Consiliul au competențe egale în ceea ce privește întregul buget, numit "bugetul
Uniunii". Consimțământul Parlamentului este necesar pentru toate acordurile internaționale în
domeniile reglementate de procedura legislativă ordinară. Tratatul de la Lisabona conține multe
alte elemente care urmăresc continuarea democratizării funcționării Uniunii. Aceasta definește,
pentru prima dată, fundamentele democratice ale Uniunii, care se bazează pe trei principii: cele
ale egalității democratice, ale democrației reprezentative și ale democrației participative. Oferă
parlamentelor naționale o mai mare posibilitate de a participa alături de instituțiile europene la
lucrările Uniunii, stabilind în mod clar drepturile lor la informatie, mecanisme de evaluare a
politicii în domeniul libertății, securității și justiției, procedurilor de reformare a tratatelor și , cel
mai important, să monitorizeze faptul că Uniunea acționează doar atunci când acțiunea sa este
mai eficace decât o acțiune întreprinsă la nivel national. Acesta invită cetățenii să participe la
politicile Uniunii, datorită inițiativei cetățenilor prin care un milion de cetățeni, din mai multe
țări membre, pot cere Comisiei să prezinte o propunere în oricare din domeniile de
responsabilitate ale UE. Acesta subliniază caracterul voluntar al procesului de integrare,
recunoscând în mod explicit posibilitatea ca un stat membru să se retragă din Uniune.
III. Match the terms below with the appropriate definition. Provide their Romanian
equivalents. Translate these definitions into Romanian. Use the English terms to translate
the Romanian sentences below into English.
; EU summit; informal summit; High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and
Security Policy ; consent (assent procedure); consultation procedure; multiannual financial
framework (MFF); College of Commissioners; EU accession; Citizens' Initiative; High
Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy; European Commissioner for
External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy; blocking minority; Trio of
presidencies; Euro Group; ECOFIN; withdrawal agreement; Court of First Instance;
General Court; Court of Justice of the European Union; Permanent Structured
Cooperation in Defence; intergovernmental conference; Passerelle Clause; President-elect;
Commissioner-designate;EP Rules of Procedure; Conference of Presidents; Conference of
Committee Chairs; Charter of Fundamental Rights; World Trade Organisation (WTO);
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP); Emissions Trading System; fiscal
and macroeconomic surveillance legislation (six-pack); budgetary rules (two-pack);
European Public Prosecutor's office;
1. The possibility, added by the Treaty of Lisbon, for those members whose military capabilities
fulfill higher criteria and which have made more binding commitments to one another in this
area with a view to the most demanding missions to establish permanent structured cooperation
within the EU framework. Permanent Structured Cooperation in Defence - Cooperarea
structurată permanentă în apărare
2. a supranational institution which acts independantly of the Member States in terms of its
composition and manner of operation. Economic and Financial Affairs Council - Consiliul
pentru Afaceri economice si financiare
3. the first large greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme in the world, establishing the 'cap and
trade' principle, under which a maximum (cap) is set on the total amount of greenhouse gases
that can be emitted by all participating installations. 'Allowances' for emissions are then
auctioned off or allocated for free, and can subsequently be traded. Emissions Trading System –
Sistemul de comercializare a emisiilor
4. procedure introduced by the Single European Act, under which the Council of the European
Union must obtain Parliament's acceptance before certain decisions can be made, this procedure
requiring an absolute majority of votes. consent (assent procedure); - Acordul (avizul conform
procedurii)
5. establish the internal organisation and functioning of the EP. EU institution – Institutia UE
6. the chief co-ordinator and representative of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
within the European Union. High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and
Security Policy - Inaltul reprezentant al Uniunii pentru afaceri externe și politica de
securitate
7. the political body that coordinates the work of the EP committees and ensures the smooth
cooperation between them. It consists of the Chairs of all standing and special committees and
meets on Tuesdays of the Strasbourg part-sessions. The Chair is elected from among its
members for a two and a half year mandate. Conference of Committee Chairs –Conferinta
presedintiilor de comisie
8. an independent Union body with the authority to investigate and prosecute EU-fraud and other
crimes affecting the Union's financial interests, in order to protect the Union's financial.
European Public Prosecutor's office –Parchet European
9. meeting of the European Council comprising heads of state or government of EU member
states.
EU summit – summit UE
10. a former member of the European Commission with responsibility over the
Commissions external representation in the world and the European Union's Neighbourhood
Policy. European Commissioner for External Relations and European Neighbourhood
Policy - Comisarul european pentru relații externe și Politica Europeană de Vecinătate
11. a free trade agreement between the European Union and the United States, currently under
negotiations, with the aim of promoting multilateral economic growth. Transatlantic Trade and
Investment Partnership (TTIP) – Parteneriatul Transatlantic pentru comert si investitii
12.meeting of the members of a council which is not organized
according to the prescribed, official, or customary way or manner.
informal summit – summit informal
13.the court which ensures that the law is observed in the interpretation and application of the
Treaties, reviews the legality of the acts of the institutions of the European Union, ensures that
the Member States comply with obligations under the Treaties; and interprets European Union
law at the request of the national courts and tribunals.
Court of Justice of the European Union – Curtea de Justitie a UE
Traducere:
IV. Use the words/phrases below to fill the blanks in the following sentences. Translate
the sentences into Romanian:
3. The documents were removed from the premises by the customs officials.
4. The Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras insisted on Monday that the Greek government
submit the draft buget to Parliament to show that Greece is ready overhaul its
economy by reforming its labor markets, raising taxes, cutting spending and putting state
investments up for sale.
7. Antitrust law refers to legislation enacted by the federal government to regulate trade and
commerce by preventing unlawful practices, price-fixing and monopolies.
8. In the European Parliament there are several voting procedures available, such as the roll-
call vote.
9. In the EU new food labeling regulation, the Council and European Parliament used to
delegated acts to allow the Commission to adjust and adapt the definition of engineered
nanomaterials to technical and scientific progress for a period of five years. delegated acts
10. An official is someone who holds an Office position by virtue of an election or may also
be appointed to that position.
11. The new law places women on an equal footing with men.
12. The principle of subsidiarity is one of the key components of a system of multilevel
governance, but the enforce of subsidiarity is still feeble.
13. Unless you are an influential member of an energy cartel you are not going to change gas
prices in your favour.
15. The biggest ever industrial merger was between the motor companies Daimler-Benz and
Chrysler.
16. In the EP elections, the allocation of ep seats to each member state is based on the principle
of degressive proportionality, so that, while the size of the population of each country is taken
into account, smaller states elect more MEPs than is proportional to their populations.
17. They are bounded by the terms of the contract to finish the works if they want to be paid.
18. The Treaty of Lisbon, which came into force in December 2009, introduced new procedures
to Ament the Treaty.
19. As my term of office comes to an end, I would like to offer you a personal account of what I
have done over these last 30 months and the goals that I have pursued, and hopefully,
achieved.
21. State Aid is defined as an advantage in any form whatsoever conferred on a selective basis
to undertakings by national public authorities.
Traducere.
V. Translate into Romanian: Evolving from the failed constitutional treaty, the Lisbon Treaty
proposed greater coherence, efficiency and democratic legitimacy in an enlarged European Union.
Following protracted ratification, the Reform Treaty continues to face challenges however. Following
the treaty of Nice a Convention on the Future of Europe (aka European Convention) was established
to draw up a draft constitutional treaty for Europe between March 2002 and July 2003. The Draft
Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was the subject of an intergovernmental conference
intended to revise the structure and decision making process to support the enlargement of the
Union. Although the treaty was adopted by the Heads of State and Government at the Brussels
European Council on 17 and 18 June 2004 and signed in Rome on 29 October 2004, it was never
ratified. Reflection on the reform process, prompted the establishment of a new Inter Governmental
Conference in 2007. The resulting 'Reform Treaty' was drawn up under the Portuguese presidency,
and signed at Lisbon. While the constitutional treaty (see below) was rejected by referenda, the
initial rejection of the Lisbon Treaty by referendum of the Republic of Ireland in June 2008 was
reversed in October 2009 by a 67 % vote in favour of ratification. Unanimous ratification of the
Treaty of Lisbon followed as instruments of ratification were deposited by the final member states
with the Italian government. While the treaty entered force several months before David Cameron
took office at Downing street, the new UK government has proposed, through the Queen’s Speech of
25 May 2010, legislation to ensure that 'British people have their say on any proposed transfer of
powers to the European Union'.
Lecture IV
Traducere:
The Court of Justice of the European Communities (ECJ), based in Luxembourg, was established
in 1952 under the Treaty of Paris, which established the European Coal and Steel Community. The Court
of Justice was established by virtue of Art. 31-45 of the Treaty. The role of the Court was to affect
independent judicial control over the acts of the High Authority and the Community States. The Court had
the task of supervising compliance with the Treaty and settling disputes between member states or
between individuals and the High Authority. Initially the Court was composed of 7 judges and 2 general
advocates appointed by common accord of the governments of the Member States for a period of 6 years.
He had a secretary in his apparatus, elected by secret ballot. With the Treaties signed in Rome in 1957,
two new Communities with a structure similar to the ECSC were created, but the three resulted Courts of
Justice unified in a single Court of Justice. he role of the Court of Justice is to ensure the uniformity of the
interpretation and application of Community law in each Member State. The Court of Justice has the
power to judge disputes between the Member States of the Union, between European institutions,
between companies and individuals. Currently, the Court of Justice is composed of 28 judges and 9
general advocates. Judges and Advocates-General are appointed by common accord of the governments
of the Member States for a six-year term that can be renewed. They are elected from the ranks of lawyers
who offer all the guarantees of independence and who meet the conditions required for the exercise in
their countries of the highest judicial functions or whose competence is recognized.