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Indonesia: Surga Kehidupan Rayap
Indonesia: Surga Kehidupan Rayap
Indonesia: Surga Kehidupan Rayap
NIKEN SUBEKTI
INDONESIA
INDONESIA
Miangas
Island
Simeuleu
Island
Papua
Island
Alor Island
MAJOR SOIL
TYPES
Termite Preferences : high organic matter content; pH : 6 – 7; Soil Texture: Balanced
content of clay, sand, and silt; water readly available
FOREST COVERAGE
Areas of Forest coverage 49.9% (93.92 million ha); with over 4000 timber
species. Large coverage of forest for termites foraging, still available
FAVORABLE FOR TERMITE
(Geographical distribution, species diversity, foraging territory, frequency of infestation)
INDONESIA
THE HYPOTHETICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TERMITES
Around 300 species, 50% of them found in Java, Sumatera, and Kalimantan
TERMITES DIVERSITY
The most prominent species as
wood destroying insect
Coptotermes spp(Rhinotermidae)
Macrotermes spp(Termitidae)
Microtermes spp(Termitidae)
Cryptotermes spp(Kalotermitidae).
80% of Indonesia wood species
are non durable
Prominent Wood
Destroying Termites
+
Favorable Climatic +
Edaphic Factors
+
Non-durable Timbers
in Building/Housing
=
BIOHAZARD POWER
Percent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Surabaya
Sidoarjo
Malang
Gresik
Pasuruan
Jember
Magelang
Semarang
Location
Salatiga
(based on 2005 survey)
Kudus
Cirebon
AT 16 CITIES IN JAVA
Sukabumi
Bogor
Serang
Yogyakarta
FREQUENCY OF TERMITE ATTACK ON HOUSING
Jakarta
Economic Loss caused by Termite Attack on Building
Based on Year 1995 estimated Study
400 373
350 336
303
300 273
252
250 223
200
150
100
50
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
THE GROWTH OF
TERMITE CONTROL OPERATOR (TCO)
300
250
Number of TCO
200
281
150
100 200
110
50
6 40
0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2008
TERMITE CONTROL TECHNIQUES
1970’s – 1991 (Organochlorine Era)
Soil treatment Organochlorines banned in
Indonesia, 1991.
1980’s – Organophospate, carbamate, and synthetic
pyrethroids era
Minister of of
Minister Public
PublicWork
WorkDecree on Durable
Decree on DurableTimber
Timberforfor Housing
Housing Construction
Construction
1996
1996
Minister ofof
Minister Housing
HousingDecree
Decree on PreservedTimber
on Preserved Timberforfor Housing
Housing Construction
Construction
2000
2000
National
NationalStandard
Standard :: termiticides application
termiticides application on on building
building
2002
2002
Building
Building Law (LawNo.
Law (Law No.28,
28,Year
Year 2002)
2002)
2005
Government Regulation on Building, No 35, 2005
FUTURE NEED