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Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook 1999
Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook 1999
Introduction
BITS Pilani Pratik N Sheth
Pilani Campus Department of Chemical Engineering
Contents
• Introduction
• Heat Transfer and its mechanisms
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Introduction
• Heat Transfer
• Energy change which is solely responsible due to change in temperature
• Takes place between material bodies
• Study Aspects
• Not to find weather heat is transferred or not (covered in thermodynamics)
• The rate at which heat is transferred
• Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
• Heat Transfer Operations
• Unit operations whose prime motive is heat transfer
• Heat exchangers, evaporators, boiler, condenser etc.
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Conduction
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Convection
• In free convection,
• the fluid motion is caused due to density difference produced by temperature
gradients
• The vessel containing liquid water are heated by means of a gas flame
• Water near the bottom surface gets heated, expands and rises as its density
decreases than that of remaining liquid
• Cold liquid of higher density takes its place and a circulating current is set up
Convection
• In forced convection
• circulating currents are set up by external means
• such as pump, fan or blower, agitator that forces fluid to flow over surface
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Convection
• At wall Q dT
• Stationary layer of film exists and heat is transferred by conduction = −k
A dx
Q
= h(Ts − T∞ )
A
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Radiation
• Radiation
• is the term given to the transport of energy by electromagnetic waves
• does not require any intervening medium
• Heat can be transmitted across an absolute vacuum
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BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
Thermal Conductivity
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Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity
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Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity
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Thermal Conductivity
Comparison
• Thermal Conductivity varies by a factor of about 105 between gases and diamond
at room temperature
Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
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Course Plan
Course Plan
11 – 14 Principles of Energy equation of the boundary 5 (Sec. 5.5,
convection layer, Thermal boundary layer, 5.6, 5.8 to
Turbulent boundary layer heat 5.11) TB
transfer, Heat transfer in laminar &
turbulent flow in tube
15 – 17 Empirical Equations for empirical relations for 6 (Sec. 6.1
relations for pipe and tube flow; Equations for to 6.5) TB
forced convection flow across cylinders and spheres;
heat transfer Flow across tube banks; Liquid
metal heat transfer
18 – 20 Natural Theory and empirical relations for 7 (Sec. 7.1
convection free convection from different to 7.12) TB
geometric configurations such as
plates, inclined surface, cylinder,
sphere etc.; Combined free and
forced convection
Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
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Course Plan
21 – Radiation heat Mechanism and properties of 8 (Sec. 8.1 –
24 transfer radiation; Shape factor; Back body 8.10) TB
and gray body radiation; Gas
radiation; Radiation shield; Radiation
network
25 – Condensation and Theory and empirical relations for film 9 (Sec. 9.1
28 boiling and dropwise condensation and to 9.7) TB
boiling phenomena; Heat pipe
Course Plan
29 - 33 Heat exchangers Introduction and types of heat 10 (Sec.
exchangers, Concept of 10.1 to
overall heat transfer 10.6) TB;
coefficient; LMTD method,
effectiveness-NTU method
34-36 Design of Heat Construction details of shell Ch. 12
Exchangers and tube heat exchangers, (Sec 12.5
General design to 12.9.3)
considerations, Kern’s method RB 1
for heat exchanger design;
37 – 40 Evaporation Types of evaporators; 16 (RB 2)
Evaporator capacity and
economy; Single and multiple
effect evaporators
Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
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Evaluation Scheme
Thanks
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