Industrial Facility Safety

Conception, Design and Implementation

Download Link: https://www.scribd.com/document/16480923/PlantSafety-CDI

COONNTTEENNTT

Preface 8
Safer Design and Chemical Plant Safety 9
Introduction to Risk Management 9
Risk Management 10
Hazard Mitigation 11
Inherently Safer Design and Chemical Plant Safety 12
Inherently Safer Design and the Chemical Industry 13
Control Systems Engineering Design Criteria 16
Codes and Standards 16
Control Systems Design Criteria Example 16
Risk Acceptance Criteria and Risk Judgment Tools 18
Chronology of Risk Judgment Implementation 19
Conclusions 23
References 24
Safety Lvel Integrity (SIL) 25
Background 25
What are Safety Integrity Levels (SIL) 25
Safey Life Cycle 26
Risks and their reduction 28
Safety Integrity Level Fundamentals 28
Probability of Failure 29
The System Structure 30
How to read a safety integrity level (SIL) product report? 32
Safety Integrity Level Formulae 33

Methods of Determining Safety Integrity Level Requirements 34

Definitions of Safety Integrity Levels 34

Risk Graphic Methods 36

Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) 42

After-the-Event Protection 44

Conclusions 45

Safety Integrity Levels Versus Reliability 45

Determining Safety Integrity Level Values 46

Reliability Numbers: What Do They Mean? 46

The Cost of Reliability 47

References 48

Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) 49

Introduction 49

Layer Of Protection Analysis (LOPA) Principles 49

Implementing Layer Of Protection Analysis (LOPA) 53

Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) Example For Impact Event I 55

Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) Example For Impact Event II 57

Integrating Hazard And Operability Analysis (HAZOP), Safety Integrity Level (SIL), and Layer
Of Protection Analysis (LOPA) 58

Methodology 59

Safety Integrity Level (SIL) and Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) Assessment 60

The Integrated Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) and Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Process 61

Conclusion 61

Modifying Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) for Improved Performance 62

Changes to the Initiating Events 62

Changes to the Independent Protection Layers (IPL) Credits 63

Changes to the Severity 64

Changes to the Risk Tolerance 66

Changes in Instrument Assessment 67

References 68
CC
OONNCCEEPPTTIIOONN
,,DD
EESSIIGGNN
,,
A ANNDD
II
MMPPLLEEMMEENNTT A ATTIIOONN

Understanding Reliability Prediction 69

Introduction 69

Introduction to Reliability 69

Overview of Reliability Assessment Methods 71

Failure Rate Prediction 71

Assumptions and Limitations 71

Prediction Models 72

Failure Rate Prediction at Reference Conditions (Parts Count) 72

Failure Rate Prediction at Operating Conditions (Part Stress) 72

The Failure Rate Prediction Process 73

Failure Rate Data 73

Reliability Tests

Accelerated Life Testing Example 74

Reliability Questions and Answers 75

References