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Height Interface of Varying Concentration at Time: Data and Results in Sedimentation
Height Interface of Varying Concentration at Time: Data and Results in Sedimentation
Height of Interface
Time Interval (min)
2% 4% 6% 8% 10%
0 270 320 360 390 425
5 198 258 317 370 404
10 148 199 285 310 389
15 97 150 260 289 360
20 60 101 223 264 335
25 24 73 177 241 316
30 22 53.5 128 196 281
35 20 47 107 165 251
40 19.5 44 91 145 224
45 18.9 42 77 128 205.5
50 18.5 41 69 114 187
After 24 hours 16 29 40 50 69
4%
200
6%
150
8%
100
10%
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
t (min)
0 270 20.25562 -
16
14
Settling Rate (mm/min)
12
10
Concentration (g/L)
0 320 41.03574 -
25 73 179.88269 9.9
35 47 279.39227 7.8
40 44 298.44174 6.9
45 42 312.65326 6.2
50 41 320.27895 5.6
14
12
Settling Rate (mm/min)
10
Concentration (g/L)
0 360 62.36097 -
10
9
8
Settling Rate (mm/min)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Concentration (g/L)
0 390 84.25307 -
9
8
7
Settling Rate (mm/min)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Concentration (g/L)
0 425 106.7349 -
5
Settling Rate (mm/min)
Concentration (g/L)
C (g/L) J
2% 291.6809
4% 508.8432
6% 536.3043
8% 337.0122
10% 448.2866
600
500
Initial Mass Settling Velocity Rate
400
300
200
100
0
2% 4% 6% 8% 10%
Concentration
Height of Interface
Time Interval (min)
550 ml 700 ml 900 ml 1000 ml 1020 ml
600
500
400
Height (mm)
550 ml
300 700 ml
900 ml
200 1000 ml
1020 ml
100
0
0 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46
Time (min)
0 229 41.03527 -
12
10
Settling Velocity (mm/min)
0
57.29 65.25 87 109.26 136.18 146.82 180.71 191.77 208.82
Concentration (g/L)
Figure 2-1 Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity for 4% 550 ml solution
Table 2.2Data for Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity for 4% 700 ml solution
0 296 41.03529 -
12
10
Settling Velocity (mm/min)
Concentration (g/L)
0 405 41.03533 -
12
10
Settling Velocity (mm/min)
Concentration (g/L)
0 473 41.03574 -
18
16
Settling Velocity (mm/min)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Concentration (g/L)
0 490 41.03529 -
18
16
Settling Velocity (mm/min)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Concentration (g/L)
22.5694 443.1809
28.7247 422.6635
36.9318 418.5603
41.0353 664.7789
41.8560 668.8752
800
700
600
Initial Mass Settling Rate
500
400
300
200
100
0
550 700 900 1000 1020
Concentration
Figure 2-6 Initial Mass Settling Rate vs. Concentration for 4%wt Solution at Different Volumes
Calculations:
C= CoZo/Z
V=((Zo-Z))/t
J= Co Vo
Co = initial concentration
V = settling velocity
Zo = initial height
ρH2O =1 g/ml
2% by weight CaCO3
2𝑔
CaCO3 = = 0.7380 𝑚𝑙
2.71 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
98 𝑔
H2O = = 98 𝑚𝑙
1.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
Total = 98.7380 𝑚𝑙
98 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
98.7380 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 992.5257 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 992.5257 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1000 𝑚𝑙 − 992.5257 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 7.4743 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙
= 20.2553 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
4% by weight CaCO3
4𝑔
CaCO3 = = 1.4760 𝑚𝑙
2.71 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
96 𝑔
H2O = = 96 𝑚𝑙
1.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
Total = 97.4760 𝑚𝑙
96 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
97.4760 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 984.8578 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 984.8578 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1000 𝑚𝑙 − 984.8578 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 15.1422 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙
= 41.0354 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
6% by weight CaCO3
6𝑔
CaCO3 = = 2.2140 𝑚𝑙
2.71 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
94 𝑔
H2O = = 94 𝑚𝑙
1.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
Total = 96.2140 𝑚𝑙
94 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
96.2140 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 976.9888 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 976.9888 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1000 𝑚𝑙 − 976.9888 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 23.0112 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙
= 62.3604 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
8% by weight CaCO3
8𝑔
CaCO3 = = 2.9520 𝑚𝑙
2.71 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
92 𝑔
H2O = = 92 𝑚𝑙
1.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
Total = 94.9520 𝑚𝑙
92 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
94.9520 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 968.9106 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 968.9106 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1000 𝑚𝑙 − 968.9106 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 31.0894 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙
= 84.2523 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
10 𝑔
CaCO3 = = 3.690 𝑚𝑙
2.71 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
90 𝑔
H2O = = 90 𝑚𝑙
1.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
Total = 93.690 𝑚𝑙
90 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
93.69 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 960.6148 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 960.6148 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1000 𝑚𝑙 − 960.6148 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 39.3852 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙
= 106.7339 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
4𝑔
CaCO3 = = 1.4760 𝑚𝑙
2.71 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
96 𝑔
H2O = = 96 𝑚𝑙
1.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
Total = 97.4760 𝑚𝑙
96 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
97.4760 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 550 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 541.6718 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 541.6718 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 550 𝑚𝑙 − 541.6718 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 8.3282 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙
= 22.5694 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
4% by weight CaCO3 for 700 ml
96 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
97.4760 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 700 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 689.4005 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 689.4005 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 700 𝑚𝑙 − 689.4005 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 10.5995 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙
= 28.7247 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
96 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
97.4760 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 900 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 886.3720 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 886.3720 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 900 𝑚𝑙 − 886.3720 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 13.6280 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙
= 36.9318 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
96 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
97.4760 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 984.8578 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 984.8578 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1000 𝑚𝑙 − 984.8578 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 15.1422 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙
= 41.0353 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
96 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
97.4760 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1020 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 1004.5550 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 1004.5550 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1020 𝑚𝑙 − 1004.5550 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 15.4450 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙
= 41.8560 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3