Chemical Reaction II

Oxidation If a substance is 'oxidized, it loses electrons.

Result: an element goes up in charge
Example: X2- loses 2 electrons and becomes X
Reduction If a substance is 'reduced', it gains electrons.
Result: an element goes down in charge
Example:X3- gains 2 electrons and becomes X5-
Remembering Trick: OIL RIG

Assigning oxidation numbers rules

Rule 1: An element in its alone state is 0 Example: Al(s) or Zn(S)
Rule 2: The oxidation number of a monatomic (one atom) ion is the same as the ion charge. Example:
Na+=+1, S2-=-2
Rule 3: The sum of all oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is 0
Rule 4: Oxidation number for alkali metal (iA family) is +1, oxidation number for alkali earth metal
(IIA family) is +2
Rule 5: the oxidation number of oxygen in a compound is usually -2 (in peroxides oxygen is-1)
Rule 6: Hydrogen in a compound is +1
Rule 7: Fluorine is -1, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine usually is -1 unless it is with oxygen or fluorine.
Video: https://youtu.be/j0hI-a6EWWo

How to determine if redox reaction has occurred

Step 1:
Assign oxidation numbers to all atoms in the equation. Don’t worry about the coefficients in the
equation.
Step 2:
Compare oxidation numbers from the reactant side to the product side of the equation. (If redox
reaction has occurred, you will find that the oxidation numbers of TWO elements has changed from
the reactant side to the product side.
Step 3:
The element oxidized is the one whose oxidation number increased.
Step 4:
The element reduced is the one whose oxidation number decreased.
Video to help: https://youtu.be/lQ6FBA1HM3s and https://youtu.be/YWl4KHsUxuw