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Lesson 3
Lesson 3
Lesson 3
LESSON (3)
1
Zagazig University 4th Grade, MGT
Faculty of Commerce January, 2016
Eng.Sec.Prog. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Time: 3 hours
(Final Exam)
===================================================================================
Give short & direct answers for the following questions (keeping the same sequence):
1. Data are classified according to their sources into primary data & secondary
data, explain to show the difference. (4 points)
4. What are the 2 types of business research, define each with an example.
(3points)
6. What are the main types of variables?. Define each with an example.
(3 points)
7. If the broad problem area is (sales drop), what would be it's probable exact
problem clarifying the variables to be studied… (3 points)
10. What are the different types of scales. Define each with an example. (4points)
12. List the points to be included in the cover letter of the questionnaire?. (3points)
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13. What are the different types of information to be gathered about the
organizational background & their sources? (3points)
14. What are the key criteria to assess the quality of the problem statement?
(2points)
17. Being a consultant for the academic coordinator of the ESP at faculty of
commerce, write a research proposal about the increasing complains of the
students (starting from the problem broad area). (9points)
18. Write a short report about your term paper showing your variables, their
definitions, hypothesis, required data & their sources. (8 points)
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Best Wishes
3
Final 2016
Model Answer
____________________________________________________________________
Q.2:Exploratory Study: Is undertaken when not much is known about the situation
at hand, or not information is available on how similar problems or research issues
have been solved in the past.
Example: A service provider wants to know why his customers are switching to
other service providers.
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Q.4:Types of business Research:
Research can be under taken for 2 different types:
1) Basic Research: To generate a body of knowledge by trying to comprehend how
certain problems that occur in organizations can be solved.
Ex: The academic research that determines the main factors affecting the sales of a
product.
2) Applied Research: Solving a current problem faced by the manager in the work
setting, demanding a timely solution (specific case).
Ex: A particular may not be selling well and the manger might want to find the
reasons in order to take corrective actions.
Ex (2):
The existing machinery in the production department has had so many breakdowns
that production has suffered machinery has to be replaced.
Because of heavy investment costs, a careful recommendation as to. Whether it is
more beneficial o but the equipment or to lease it is needed.
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Q.7: "Sales Drop"
1) Exact problem reasons:
1. High price
2. Low quality
3. Low advertising
4. Your products may be going out of date.
5. Low visibility.
2) The variables:
1. Dependent: Drop in sales.
2. Independent: The reasons (High Price – low quality – low advertising).
Q.8:
a. Population: refers to the entire group of people, events, or things of interest
that the researcher wishes to investigate.
b. Units of analysis:
1. Individuals.
2. Dyads (2-person groups, ex, husband/wife & supervisor/subordinate relationships)
3. Groups
4. Organizations.
5. Nations/cultures.
Q.9:
a. State a hypothesis in a proposition format:
A hospital which has high quality of health-care service will have less patients
death.
b. State as a hypothesis in if-then format:
If there is a low quality of health-care service, then there will be an increase in
patient's death.
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2. Ordinal Scale: it also rank-orders categories in some meaningful way.
*Example: What is the highest level of education you have completed?
o Less than High School. o College Degree o Doctoral Degree
o High school o Master Degree
3. Interval Scale: The interval scale lets us measures the distance between any two
points on the scale.
*Example: Circle the number that represents your feelings at this particular
moment best. There is no right or wrong answers. Please answer every
question.
1. Invest more in my work than I get out of it.
I disagree completely 1 2 3 4 5 I agree completely
2. I exert myself too much considering what I get back in return
I disagree completely 1 2 3 4 5 I agree completely
3. For the efforts I put into the organization, I get much in return
I disagree completely 1 2 3 4 5 I agree completely
4. Ratio Scale: Are usually used when exact numbers on objective (as opposed to
subjective) factors are called for.
*Examples: What is your age?
Please indicate #children you have in each of the following categories:
o Below 3 years of age.
o Between 3 & 6.
o Over 6 but under 12.
o 12 years and over.
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2.Self-Administered:
Advantages:
1. Lowest cost option.
2. Expanded geographical coverage.
3. Requires minimal staff.
4. Perceived as more anonymous.
Disadvantages:
1. Low response rate in some modes.
2. No interviewer intervention possible for clarification.
3. Cannot be too long or complex.
4. Incomplete surveys.
3.Telephone Interview:
Advantages:
1. Discomfort of face is avoided.
2. Faster/number of calls per day could be high.
3. Lower Cost.
Disadvantages:
1. Interview length must be limited.
2. Low response rate.
3. No facial expressions.
Q.12: The cover letter is the introductory page of the questionnaire, it includes:
1. Identification of the researcher.
2. Motivation for respondents to fill it in.
3. Confidentiality.
4. Thanking of the respondent.
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Q.14: There are 3 Key Criteria to assess quality:
1) A problem statement is relevant meaningful:
a. From a managerial perspective: when it relates to:
1. A problem that currently exists in an organizational setting.
2. An area that manager believes needs to be improved in the organization.
b. From an academic perspective Research is relevant if:
1. Nothing is known about the topic.
2. Much is known about the topic, but the knowledge is scattered and not
integrated.
3. Many researchers on the topic is available, but the results are (partly)
contradictory.
4. Established relationships don't hold in certain situations.
2) A problem statement is feasible:
1. If you are able to answer the problem statement within the restrictions of
the research project.
2. Restrictions are related to: [Money, Time, the availability of respondents,
the expertise of the researcher].
3. For example: the problem statement: "How does consumer behave?" is too
general wide to investigate.
3) A good problem statement may be interesting to you: To stay motivated
throughout the entire research process, since research is a time consuming
process that goes through many ups and downs.
Q.15:
1. Directional hypothesis:
English-section students are more performance than Arabic-section students
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Q.16:
1) From a managerial perspective: when it relates to:
1. A problem that currently exists in an organizational setting.
2. An area that manager believes needs to be improved in the organization.
2) From an academic perspective Research is relevant if:
1. Nothing is known about the topic.
2. Much is known about the topic, but the knowledge is scattered and not
integrated.
3. Many researchers on the topic are available, but the results are (partly)
contradictory.
4. Established relationships don't hold in certain situations.
Q.17:
write the report through applied (Key elements of the research proposal):
1. The purpose of the study.
2. The specific problem to be investigated.
3. The scope of the study.
4. The relevance of the study.
5. The research design offering details on:
a. The sampling design.
b. Data collection methods.
c. Data analysis.
6. Time frame of the study, including information on when the written report
will be handed over to the sponsors.
7. The budget, detailing the costs with reference to specific items of expenditure.
8. Selected bibliography.
End
Good Luck for all
10
Zagazig University 4th Grade, MGT
Faculty of Commerce January, 2015
Eng.Sec.Prog. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Time: 3 hours
(Final Exam)
===================================================================================
5. What are the 2 types of business research, define each with an example.
(3points)
8. When faculty of commerce wants to have a profile of the students who show
outstanding performance for 2 years and more, including details of their
educational background average scores, their majors, ….., and the like"
..What kind of study is this? Why? (2 points)
10. What are the main 2 types of variables? Define each with an example.
(3 points)
11. How can you consider a problem statement to be relevant from an academic
perspective. (3 points)
12. List the points to be included in the cover letter of the questionnaire?. (3points)
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13. Data are classified according to their sources into primary data & secondary
data, explain to show the difference. (4 points)
15. List the different types of scales . Define each with an example. (4points)
16. What is the nature of the preliminary information that should be gathered to
be able to accurately define the problem? (4points)
17. List the methods of collecting data, with an advantage for each. (4points)
18. Define probability & nonprobability sampling & their types. (5points)
19. “Women men performance” Represent (in words & in symbols) as ... (6points)
20. directional hypothesis
21. null hypo & alternate hypothesis
23. define each of "element" & " subject", with an example for each (2 points)
24. “Service quality” & “customer switching” state as a hypothesis in.. (4 points)
25. Proposition format.
26. If-then format.
27. What are the key elements of the research proposal? (4points)
28. Write a short report (one page) about your term paper. (7points)
Good Luck
12
Zagazig University 4th Grade, MGT
Faculty of Commerce Jan, 2014
Eng. Sec. Prog. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Time: 3 hours
(Final Exam)
================================ ===================================================
20. What are the 2 types of business research, define each with an example.
(3points)
21. What is the meaning of “Replicability” & “Generalizability”..as the main
characteristics of scientific research. (2points)
22. Choose ONLY ONE of the following broad problem areas …define its exact
problem & hypotheses to be tested.. (5points)
a) A drop in sales…OR .. b) Frequent production interruptions
24. What are the main types of variables? Define each. (3 points)
26. “When a bank manager wants to have a profile of the individuals who have
loan payments outstanding for 6 month and more, including details of their
average age, earnings, nature of occupation, full-time/part-time employment
status and the like” ..What kind of study is this?. (1point)
27. Define population & the different types of units of analysis. (4points)
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29. “Service quality” & “customer switching”.. (4points)
a. State as a hypothesis in a proposition format.
b. State as a hypothesis in if-then format.
30. What are the different types of scales? Define each with an example. (4points)
31. Data are classified according to their sources into primary data & secondary
data, explain to show the difference. (3points)
32. List the methods of collecting data, with an advantage for each. (4points)
34. List the points to be included in the cover letter of the questionnaire?.
(3points)
35. Define each of “elements” & “subject”, with an example for each. (2points)
36. Define probability & nonprobability sampling & their types. (5points)
37. List the procedures of stratified sampling & its types. (3points)
38. What are the different types of information to be gathered about the
organizational background & their sources? (2points)
39. What are the key criteria to assess the quality of the problem statement?
(2points)
40. What are the key elements of the research proposal? (4points)
43. Write a short report (one page) about your term paper. (7points)
Best Wishes
14